2024届全国高考英语阅读理解专练（4）
山东省胶州市2024英语阅读理解专练（4）及答案（高考一轮）
【山东省宿州市2024高考英语综合能力测试卷】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Each morning Grandpa was up early sitting at the kitchen table, reading his book. His grandson wanted to be just like him and tried to copy him in every way he could.
One day the grandson asked, “Grandpa, I try to read the book just like you, but I don’t understand it, and I forget what I understand as soon as I close the book. What good does reading the book do?”
The grandpa quietly turned from putting coal in the stove and replied, “Take this coal basket down to the river and bring me back a basket of water.”
The boy did as he was told, but all the water leaked out before he got back to the house. The grandpa laughed and said, “You’ll have to move a little faster next time,” and sent him back to the river with the basket to try again.
This time the boy ran faster, but again the basket was empty before he returned. Out of breath, he told his grandpa that it was impossible to carry water in a basket, so he went to get a bucket instead.
The grandpa said, “I don’t want a bucket of water; I want a basket of water. You’re just not trying hard enough.”
The boy again dipped the basket into the river and ran hard, but when he reached his grandpa the basket was empty again. Out of breath, he said, “Grandpa, it’s useless !”
“So, you think it is useless?” the grandpa said, “Look at the basket.”
The boy looked at the basket and for the first time he realized that the basket was different. It had been transformed from a dirty old coal basket and was now clean.
“Grandson, that’s what happens when you read the book. You might not understand or remember everything, but when you read it, you’ll be changed, inside and out.”
60. What puzzled the grandson most was ________.
A. whether it was useful to read books
B. why he forgot what he read soon
C. what kind of book he could understand
D. how he could read books like his grandpa
61. Why did Grandpa ask his grandson to fetch a basket of water?
A. To train him to run faster.
B. To clean the dirty basket in the river.
C. To punish him for not reading carefully.
D. To get him to realize the use of reading books.
62. What lesson can we learn from the story?
A. The old are always wiser than the young.
B. It is foolish to carry water with a basket.
C. Reading books can change a person gradually.
You can’t expect to remember whatever you read.
63. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Grandpa and grandson
B. Carrying water in a basket
C. Reading for total changing
D. Baskets and books
【参考答案】60 -63 ADCC
【山东省宿州市2024高考英语综合能力测试卷】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Last week, we explained that the planet Mars has passed “opposition”. It passed a point opposite the Sun. This week, we tell about the planet’s surprising motion(运动)among the stars.
For thousands of years, people have recognized that planets travel among the stars. The planets generally follow the path taken by the Sun through the sky. The Sun’s path is called the ecliptic. The groups of stars along the ecliptic are called the Zodiac.
The motion of the planets can be confusing at times. Everyone knows the Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. But this is caused by the turning motion of the Earth. Planets generally move from west to east.
However, Mars will appear to move backward for about two months this year. This happens because the Earth is overtaking Mars on its way around the Sun. Mars began its backward, or westward, motion on May 11th, It will start moving eastward again on July 19th.
Mars’ apparent motion has been a mystery to astronomers for hundreds of years. Most early theories of the solar system argued that the Sun and planets turned around the Earth. But the sudden westward motion of Mars presented a problem. Why would Mars move west for two months when it nears “opposition”?
In 1543, a Polish church worker named Nicolas Copernicus published a different theory. His theory said the Earth and planets moved around the Sun in perfectly circular orbits. Copernicus’ theory was simpler. But his Sun – centered system still did not explain the observed motion of Mars very well.
Finally, a German mathematician named Johannes Kepler published a complete theory of the motion of the planets in 1619. He had carefully studied the motion of Mars for many years.
Johannes Kepler discovered that the planets do not move in circular orbits around the sun. Instead, they travel in flattened orbits called ellipses. Mars’ elliptical orbit is the cause of its unusual brightening this year and its apparent large size.
During the next several weeks, you can see for yourself why the mysterious motion of Mars has caused so many people to wonder.
64. From the passage we can learn that
.
A. the sun and planets generally travel westward
B. Kepler studied the orbit of the planets in 1619
C. Copernicus’ theory well explained the motion of Mars
D. the Earth’s turning motion causes the sun to rise in the east
65. On July 19th Mars
.
A. will pass the “opposition” B. appears to change its direction again
C. will begin to move westward D. appears to change its orbit again
66. Why does Mars appear to be bigger and brighter when it passes “opposition”?
A. It is overtaking the earth. B. It follows the path of the sun.
C. It moves in an elliptical orbit. D. It travels in a circular orbit.
67. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Recent Research into Mars
B. The Surprising Motion of Mars
C. The Great Discovery on Mars
D. The Wonderful Mystery of MarS
【参考答案】64 - 67 DBCB
阅读理解-------文学赏析类
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain's novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)
But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly antislavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”
There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youth—mostly with white men performing in blackface—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
【语篇解读】 通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。
18．How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?
A．Twain was more willng to deal with racism.
B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open.
C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots.
D．Twain was openly concerned with racism.
解析 推理判断题。由第二段With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else directly可知。
答案 B
19．Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its________.
A．target readers at the bottom
B．antislavery attitude
C．rather impolite language
D．frequent use of “nigger”
解析 细节理解题。由第三段More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)可知。
答案 D
20．What best proves Twain's antislavery stand according to the author?
A．Jim's search for his family was described in detail.
B．The slave's voice was first heard in American novels.
C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
解析 推理判断题。由第五段中的后三句话可推出。
答案 C
21．The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that________.
A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters
B．slaves' babies could pick up slaveholders' way of speaking
C．blacks' social position was shaped by how they were brought up
D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice
解析 推理判断题。由第六段第一句The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status，可推知。
答案 C
22．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A．The attacks.
B．Slavery and prejudice.
C．White men.
D．The shows.
解析 词义辨析题。由第七段Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.可知。
答案 D
23．What does the author mainly argue for?
A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
D．Twain's works should be read from a historical point of view.
解析 主旨大意题。该篇从马克·吐温的人生经历，他的作品及其它作者的作品进行比对后，作者得出了：马克·吐温比与他同时代的作家更反对种族主义。
答案 A
较难题目特训：介绍说明类
Book reviews can be a great foot in the door if you’re looking to get your writing published somewhere. Most magazines, whether online or print, will include book reviews about books that tackle the topics the magazine discusses. Also, most editors and staff writers are usually too busy to read books and review them themselves (unless they are specifically assigned to a book review column). Therefore, writing book reviews can be a great way to get started with a writing career.
Many people that are reading your review may not know anything about the book you’re reviewing. Instead of making them go find information on their own by searching for the book title, start out with a little description of the book. Make sure you avoid too long of a summary, though, because if too much of your article is a summary of the book, it won’t be interesting. Start with a short paragraph or so that hits all the major points but doesn't give too much away. You don’t want to tell your reader everything about the book, because then they won’t have to read it at all. Just give enough information so your reader is interested in reading the book.
Some magazines like to publish book reviews that are completely objective（客观的）. This means that they want a review of the book that doesn't share your opinion and that in which your opinion isn't obvious from reading what you wrote. If you hated a book, it might not be a great book to review. You probably want to review books that you enjoyed. This will give your review a positive spin. Avoid gushing about how much you loved the book, however. You should not include your personal reaction to the book until the very end, where you include a sentence or two about whether or not you would recommend a book and to whom you would recommend it.
A great way to get your review noticed is to look at a book through a specific lens. Read the book as a feminist（女权主义者） would, for example, and talk about what a feminist might say to applaud or criticize the book. You can choose any number of lenses, and feminism is just one option. An economic lens, a family lens, the lens of a different nationality, or the lens of a child could all be interesting ways to look at a book. If you look at a book in this way, instead of just reading it and forming your own opinion, it will be much more interesting and marketable. This is especially the case if you look at a lens that relates to the subject of the magazine to which you are submitting. Feminist magazines love book reviews about books read through a feminist lens, for example, because it pertains to their readership.
