高考英语配套教学课件《Unit 4 Helping people around the World》专题语法攻略(十九) 主谓一致 译林版选修6
⑦非谓语形式、从句作主语 单独的不定式、动词的ing形式作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如果多个谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表达不同概念,谓语动词用复数形式。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好习惯。 Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure.夏天游泳,冬天滑冰是他最大的乐趣。 what,which,whatever,whichever 等引导的从句作主语时,应根据意义一致原则决定谓语动词的数。 What the boy wanted are some books. 这个男孩想要的是一些书。 What he needs is more time. 他需要的是更多的时间。 主谓一致指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上应保持一致,通常指的主谓一致是主语和谓语在单数和复数上的一致性。 一、主谓一致的三个原则 1.语法一致
主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式,即主语是单
数,谓语用单数,主语是复数,谓语用复数。
The number of errors is surprising.
错误的数目是惊人的。
Two students are waiting for you in your office.
两名学生在办公室等你。 3.就近一致
谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的词语,主要体现在由
or,either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等
连接的主语及there be...句型中。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
你和我都没有错。
There is a pen,five pencils and two pencilboxes on the
table.桌子上有一支钢笔、五支铅笔和两个铅笔盒。 [注意] (1)当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数由前一个名词而定。 Tom as well as his family is seeing a film. 汤姆和他的家人在看电影。 (2)复数名词+of this kind作主语时,谓语应视前一个名词形式,用复数。 Birds of this this kind are rare now. 现在这种鸟不常见了。 Men of this kind are dangerous. 这类人很危险。 二、主谓一致的应用 1.不定代词作主语
不定代词either,neither,each,one,someone,
somebody,something,anyone,anybody,
nobody,no one,everything等作主语时,谓语动词用
单数。
Either answer is correct.
两个答案都正确。
Each boy and each girl likes Jay Chou.
每个男孩和女孩都喜欢周杰伦。 [注意] (1)each放在主语后作同位语时,each不决定谓语的单复数。 They each have a dictionary. =Each of them has a dictionary. 他们每人都有一本字典。 (2)none作主语时如果指人或可数的物,表数目,谓语动词单复数形式皆可;如果指不可数名词,表量,谓语动词用单数。 None of us is/are interested in your new subject. 我们中没人对你的新课题感兴趣。 2.名词作主语 1)谓语动词用单数的情况 (1)可数名词单数以及不可数名词作主语时,谓语动
词用单数。
The cat is under the table.
猫在桌子底下。 (2)以s结尾的单数名词作主语,谓语用单数,如news,
works,physics,maths,gymnastics等以及书名、戏剧
名、报纸及国家名称等的复数名词。
The United Nations was founded in 1945.
联合国成立于1945年。 (3)“a+单数名词+or two”或“one and a half+复数名
词”作主语,谓语用单数。
A student or two has failed the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。 (4)如果主语由more than one...或many a...构成,尽管从意
义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
许多船只毁于这场风暴。
[注意] 但是“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词多用复数形式。 More members than one are against your plan. 不止一个成员反对你的计划。 (5)“a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of+名词”作主语时,谓语用单数。 This kind of computer is made in Korea. 这种电脑产于韩国。 (6)表示时间、金钱、距离、书名、度量衡等数词短语作主语时,谓语用单数。 Fifty years is not a long time. 50年并不长。 The Selected Poems of LiBai was published long ago. 《李白诗选》很久之前就出版了。 (7)用and连接的两个名词作主语,指同一人或物或通常由
两个部件配成的物品时,谓语动词用单数。如:a knife
and fork(一副刀叉),a cup and saucer(带茶托的茶杯),
a coat and skirt 一套上装和裙子,a desk and chair(一套
桌椅),a needle and thread(针线),war and peace(战争
与和平),iron and steel(钢铁)等。
Egg and rice is her usual breakfast.
她的早点通常是蛋炒饭。 2)谓语动词用复数形式的情况 (1)两个单数名词用and或both...and...连接指两个人或物,
作主语,谓语用复数。
Both my father and my sister are famous artists.
我父亲和妹妹都是著名的艺术家。 [注意] 要看前后两个名词前是否都有冠词。 The poet and the singer have come. 这位诗人和这位歌唱家都来了。 The poet and singer has come. 这位诗人兼歌唱家来了。 (2)表示总称意义形单意复的名词,如cattle,people,police等作主语时,作复数看待,谓语动词用复数。 The cattle are drinking water in the river. 牛正在河里喝水。 (3)一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。常用的这类名词有clothes, trousers,shorts(短裤),scales,effects,goods,papers,earnings,odds,thanks,woods,shoes,scissors,gloves,glasses等。 Her clothes are of good quality. 她的衣服质量很好。 [注意] trousers,glasses,scissors等作主语,前面若无a suit of,a pair of,a set of,a series of等这类词修饰,谓语动词用复数。若带有这类词修饰,则由这类词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 Her trousers are beautiful indeed. 她的裤子真的很好看。 This pair of glasses is very expensive.这副眼镜很贵。 The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhoumade. 这两把剪刀都是杭州制造的。 (4)山脉、群岛、瀑布等的名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。 The Niagara Falls are on the Niagara River. 尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上。 (5)“the+adj.”泛指一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数形式。
这类词有the poor,the rich,the deaf,the brave,the
dead,the old,the young,the sick,the guilty(有罪的
人),the wise,the living,the aged(老人)等。
The old are well looked after by the government.
政府对老年人照顾得很好。
The good are happy.
善者长乐。 [注意] the+adj.指个别人时,要看作单数,谓语用单数形式。 The dead was about thirty years of age.死者30岁左右。 (6)以sh,ch,和ese等结尾的表示国家、民族的词与 the 连用时表示复数含义,谓语动词用复数形式。这类词有the Chinese,the English,the British,the Spanish,the Russian,the Japanese,the Welsh(威尔士人)等。 The English are a little conservative. 英国人有点保守。 The Chinese are hardworking. 中国人勤劳。 3)谓语动词可用单数或复数的情况 (1)分数、量词作主语 ①“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。 This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast oceans. 这是因为地球表面的三分之二是辽阔的海洋。 Two thirds of those tasks have been completed. 三分之二的任务已完成。 ②the rest(of...),the remaining,part(of...),one half(of...)等词或短语作主语和它们所修饰的名词或代词作主语,其谓语动词应根据主语所表达的单复数而定。 Ten of you go to plant trees and the rest remain at school. 你们当中十人去植树,其余的留在学校。 Part of his story is not true. 他的故事部分不是真实的。 Part of the teachers in our school are from Shanghai. 我们学校老师中有一部分来自上海。 (2)特殊用法
①某些集体名词,如family,team等作主语时,如果作
为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果着眼于组
成该集体的一个个成员或个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。
His family is a large one.
他家人口很多。
The whole family are watching TV.
全家人都在看电视。 这类名词有:audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team,population等。 The population in China is very large,and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. 中国人口很多,且百分之八十的人口是农民。 ②单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单复数,这类名词有means,works,species等。 The glass works is near the railway station. 那家玻璃厂在火车站附近。 Some sheep are over there. 那儿有几只羊。 ③在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 两个窗子之间挂着一幅画。
④定语从句中的谓语动词由先行词的单复数而定,先行词是单数,定语从句中的谓语动词也用单数形式;先行词是复数,定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。 The Smiths who are now downstairs are asking to see you. 史密斯夫妇要见你,他们正在楼下。 The news that has been published in today's newspaper is not true.今天报纸上发布的资讯不是真的。 [注意] (1)在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one。因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是问过的最有趣的问题之一。 (2)但是当one之前有the only,the very或the等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词用单数形式。 She was the only one of the students who was late for the meeting.她是惟一开会迟到的学生。 ⑥a number of,a group of 等修饰可数名词复数时谓语一般也用复数,“the number of+名词”作主语,谓语用单数。 A number of students were absent yesterday. 许多学生昨天缺席。 The number of pages in this book is nine hundred. 这本书的页数是900。
⑦非谓语形式、从句作主语 单独的不定式、动词的ing形式作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如果多个谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表达不同概念,谓语动词用复数形式。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好习惯。 Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure.夏天游泳,冬天滑冰是他最大的乐趣。 what,which,whatever,whichever 等引导的从句作主语时,应根据意义一致原则决定谓语动词的数。 What the boy wanted are some books. 这个男孩想要的是一些书。 What he needs is more time. 他需要的是更多的时间。 主谓一致指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上应保持一致,通常指的主谓一致是主语和谓语在单数和复数上的一致性。 一、主谓一致的三个原则 1.语法一致
主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式,即主语是单
数,谓语用单数,主语是复数,谓语用复数。
The number of errors is surprising.
错误的数目是惊人的。
Two students are waiting for you in your office.
两名学生在办公室等你。 3.就近一致
谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的词语,主要体现在由
or,either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等
连接的主语及there be...句型中。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
你和我都没有错。
There is a pen,five pencils and two pencilboxes on the
table.桌子上有一支钢笔、五支铅笔和两个铅笔盒。 [注意] (1)当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数由前一个名词而定。 Tom as well as his family is seeing a film. 汤姆和他的家人在看电影。 (2)复数名词+of this kind作主语时,谓语应视前一个名词形式,用复数。 Birds of this this kind are rare now. 现在这种鸟不常见了。 Men of this kind are dangerous. 这类人很危险。 二、主谓一致的应用 1.不定代词作主语
不定代词either,neither,each,one,someone,
somebody,something,anyone,anybody,
nobody,no one,everything等作主语时,谓语动词用
单数。
Either answer is correct.
两个答案都正确。
Each boy and each girl likes Jay Chou.
每个男孩和女孩都喜欢周杰伦。 [注意] (1)each放在主语后作同位语时,each不决定谓语的单复数。 They each have a dictionary. =Each of them has a dictionary. 他们每人都有一本字典。 (2)none作主语时如果指人或可数的物,表数目,谓语动词单复数形式皆可;如果指不可数名词,表量,谓语动词用单数。 None of us is/are interested in your new subject. 我们中没人对你的新课题感兴趣。 2.名词作主语 1)谓语动词用单数的情况 (1)可数名词单数以及不可数名词作主语时,谓语动
词用单数。
The cat is under the table.
猫在桌子底下。 (2)以s结尾的单数名词作主语,谓语用单数,如news,
works,physics,maths,gymnastics等以及书名、戏剧
名、报纸及国家名称等的复数名词。
The United Nations was founded in 1945.
联合国成立于1945年。 (3)“a+单数名词+or two”或“one and a half+复数名
词”作主语,谓语用单数。
A student or two has failed the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。 (4)如果主语由more than one...或many a...构成,尽管从意
义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
许多船只毁于这场风暴。
[注意] 但是“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词多用复数形式。 More members than one are against your plan. 不止一个成员反对你的计划。 (5)“a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of+名词”作主语时,谓语用单数。 This kind of computer is made in Korea. 这种电脑产于韩国。 (6)表示时间、金钱、距离、书名、度量衡等数词短语作主语时,谓语用单数。 Fifty years is not a long time. 50年并不长。 The Selected Poems of LiBai was published long ago. 《李白诗选》很久之前就出版了。 (7)用and连接的两个名词作主语,指同一人或物或通常由
两个部件配成的物品时,谓语动词用单数。如:a knife
and fork(一副刀叉),a cup and saucer(带茶托的茶杯),
a coat and skirt 一套上装和裙子,a desk and chair(一套
桌椅),a needle and thread(针线),war and peace(战争
与和平),iron and steel(钢铁)等。
Egg and rice is her usual breakfast.
她的早点通常是蛋炒饭。 2)谓语动词用复数形式的情况 (1)两个单数名词用and或both...and...连接指两个人或物,
作主语,谓语用复数。
Both my father and my sister are famous artists.
我父亲和妹妹都是著名的艺术家。 [注意] 要看前后两个名词前是否都有冠词。 The poet and the singer have come. 这位诗人和这位歌唱家都来了。 The poet and singer has come. 这位诗人兼歌唱家来了。 (2)表示总称意义形单意复的名词,如cattle,people,police等作主语时,作复数看待,谓语动词用复数。 The cattle are drinking water in the river. 牛正在河里喝水。 (3)一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。常用的这类名词有clothes, trousers,shorts(短裤),scales,effects,goods,papers,earnings,odds,thanks,woods,shoes,scissors,gloves,glasses等。 Her clothes are of good quality. 她的衣服质量很好。 [注意] trousers,glasses,scissors等作主语,前面若无a suit of,a pair of,a set of,a series of等这类词修饰,谓语动词用复数。若带有这类词修饰,则由这类词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 Her trousers are beautiful indeed. 她的裤子真的很好看。 This pair of glasses is very expensive.这副眼镜很贵。 The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhoumade. 这两把剪刀都是杭州制造的。 (4)山脉、群岛、瀑布等的名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。 The Niagara Falls are on the Niagara River. 尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上。 (5)“the+adj.”泛指一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数形式。
这类词有the poor,the rich,the deaf,the brave,the
dead,the old,the young,the sick,the guilty(有罪的
人),the wise,the living,the aged(老人)等。
The old are well looked after by the government.
政府对老年人照顾得很好。
The good are happy.
善者长乐。 [注意] the+adj.指个别人时,要看作单数,谓语用单数形式。 The dead was about thirty years of age.死者30岁左右。 (6)以sh,ch,和ese等结尾的表示国家、民族的词与 the 连用时表示复数含义,谓语动词用复数形式。这类词有the Chinese,the English,the British,the Spanish,the Russian,the Japanese,the Welsh(威尔士人)等。 The English are a little conservative. 英国人有点保守。 The Chinese are hardworking. 中国人勤劳。 3)谓语动词可用单数或复数的情况 (1)分数、量词作主语 ①“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。 This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast oceans. 这是因为地球表面的三分之二是辽阔的海洋。 Two thirds of those tasks have been completed. 三分之二的任务已完成。 ②the rest(of...),the remaining,part(of...),one half(of...)等词或短语作主语和它们所修饰的名词或代词作主语,其谓语动词应根据主语所表达的单复数而定。 Ten of you go to plant trees and the rest remain at school. 你们当中十人去植树,其余的留在学校。 Part of his story is not true. 他的故事部分不是真实的。 Part of the teachers in our school are from Shanghai. 我们学校老师中有一部分来自上海。 (2)特殊用法
①某些集体名词,如family,team等作主语时,如果作
为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果着眼于组
成该集体的一个个成员或个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。
His family is a large one.
他家人口很多。
The whole family are watching TV.
全家人都在看电视。 这类名词有:audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team,population等。 The population in China is very large,and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. 中国人口很多,且百分之八十的人口是农民。 ②单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单复数,这类名词有means,works,species等。 The glass works is near the railway station. 那家玻璃厂在火车站附近。 Some sheep are over there. 那儿有几只羊。 ③在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 两个窗子之间挂着一幅画。
④定语从句中的谓语动词由先行词的单复数而定,先行词是单数,定语从句中的谓语动词也用单数形式;先行词是复数,定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。 The Smiths who are now downstairs are asking to see you. 史密斯夫妇要见你,他们正在楼下。 The news that has been published in today's newspaper is not true.今天报纸上发布的资讯不是真的。 [注意] (1)在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one。因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是问过的最有趣的问题之一。 (2)但是当one之前有the only,the very或the等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词用单数形式。 She was the only one of the students who was late for the meeting.她是惟一开会迟到的学生。 ⑥a number of,a group of 等修饰可数名词复数时谓语一般也用复数,“the number of+名词”作主语,谓语用单数。 A number of students were absent yesterday. 许多学生昨天缺席。 The number of pages in this book is nine hundred. 这本书的页数是900。