（豫皖京闽粤通用）2024届高考英语北师大版一轮自主复习学案：book7 Unit 21《human biology》
话题词汇
1．invention n．发明
2．progress n．进步
3．digital adj.数字的
4．breakthrough n．突破
5．technical adj.技术的
6．automatic adj.自动的
7．make a study of研究
8．shop online网上购物
9．surf the Internet网上冲浪
10．browse the web page浏览网页
经典语篇
假如你是李华，最近老师向你们介绍了两种已灭绝的古代动物，并就哪一种动物更加适合被克隆举行了一次讨论。请你结合下表为你所在的小组写一篇发言稿，就选择理由及原因进行说明。
Name and date
when last seen Information
Dodo bird (1755) unable to fly；friendly and not harmful；large eggs and tasty meat that could be developed for food；need hot climate
Aurochs (1627) large wild cattle；long horns and hair；hair is good for being made into clothes；horns can be used for decoration；need grasslands
注意：词数100左右。
佳作欣赏
Dear fellow students，
I’m so honored to speak here on behalf of our group.
After a heated discussion，we agreed that the dodo is the very animal that is well worth cloning.On the one hand，compared with the aurochs，the dodo is much smaller，which means that the dodo will consume much less food①.Besides，the dodo became extinct fairly recently so its DNA is still in good condition.On the other hand，the aurochs cannot live without grasslands，while the dodo can adapt to the hot climate easily.②
If the dodo is cloned，that will be of great benefit to us.Because it can not only be a friendly animal but also be an ideal pet for families with children.What’s more，it may produce large nutritious eggs and tasty meat for people.
All in all，the dodo would be the best choice to be brought③ back to life!
That’s all! Thank you.
思维发散
1．将第①句中的定语从句改为非谓语形式
The dodo is much smaller，meaning that the dodo will consume much less food.
2．仿照第②句用while...完成句子
Schools in the north tend to be better equipped，while those in the south are relatively poor.
北方的学校往往装备较好，而南方的学校相对较穷。
3．仿照第③句用“最高级/序数词＋to do...”完成句子
Walkwood Church of England Middle School is believed to be the first in England to stop female pupils under the age of 13 from wearing skirts.
英格兰教会中学Walkwood被认为是英国第一所禁止13岁以下女生穿裙子的学校。
Ⅰ.重点单词
A．写作单词
1．abuse (vt.&n.)滥用
2．doubtful (adj.)怀疑的，不肯定的
doubt (n.&v.)怀疑，不相信
3．seek (vt.)寻找
4．annual (adj.)每年的，一年一次的，年度的
5．treat (vt.)款待
6．trial (n.)实验
try (v.)试验；试做
(n.)尝试
7．foresee (vt.)预见
8．postpone (vt.)推迟，延期
9．faith (n.)信心
10．weekly (adj.)每周一次的
11．equip (vt.)使有准备
equipment (n.)装备；设备
12．fortune (n.)大笔钱财，巨款
fortunate (adj.)幸运的
misfortune (n.)不幸
13．concern (n.)担心；担忧
B．阅读单词
14．tolerate (vt.)容忍
tolerant (adj.)宽容的；容忍的
tolerance (n.)容忍
15．fundamental (adj.)根本的；基础的
16．compulsory (adj.)强制性的；义务的
17．controversial (adj.)有争议的
18．oppose (vt.)反对
opposite (adj.)相反的
opposition (n.)相反
19．contradict (vt.)与(其他事物)相矛盾
contradiction (n.)矛盾的说法；反驳
20．privileged (adj.)荣幸的
21．cater (vi.)满足；迎合
22．entry (n.)进入；入学
23．underline (vt.)表明重要性；强调
24．prohibit (vt.)禁止
prohibition (n.)禁止；禁令
25．unite (vt.)联合；团结；统一
26．routine (n.)常规；惯例
27．temporary (adj.)临时的；短暂的
28．rob (vt.)使丧失；抢劫
29．decline (vi.)下降
30．deadline (n.)截止日期，最后日期
31．sceptical (adj.)怀疑的
32．absurd (adj.)荒谬的；不合理的
33．circumstance (n.)情形；情况
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in vain徒然，白费力气
2．at random随便地，随意地
3．at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何
4．cater to满足；迎合
5．straight away立刻，马上
6．stop sth.in its tracks终止；消灭
7．at any rate无论如何；至少
8．be responsible for对……负责
9．put off推迟
10．go through经历；仔细检查
11．in despair绝望
12．focus on聚焦；集中；对准
13．miss out遗漏，遗忘；错过机会
14．rather than而不是
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Unfortunately，it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.
不幸的是，要当场查出运动员使用违禁药物并不是很容易。
2．When he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him.
那天当他去看医生时，他不可能知道他要发生什么事。
3．Our eyes and ears send signals all the time，and it is our brain that interprets these signals and builds up a picture of the outside world.
我们的眼睛和耳朵不停地发射信号，大脑翻译这些信号并构建出外部世界的图画。
4．It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.
很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。
5．Many people doubted Armstrong’s ability to become a top cyclist again but they need not have worried.
很多人怀疑阿姆斯特朗再次成为顶级车手的能力，但他们本没必要担心的。
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Now “cheating” is used not only in exams but also in sports or games.When 1.referring(refer) to “cheating” in the games，we come 2.across the issue of performanceenhancing drugs.The drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses，but now they also create supreme athletes 3.making(make) them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings.Taking these drugs is known as “doping”，4.which can cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them，but some athletes seek to achieve beyond their 5.natural(nature) limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.The sports world doesn’t tolerate doping 6.as it is a fundamental form of cheating.To our surprise，some athletes,7.including(include) some worldrecord keepers or breakers violated the rule.8.Unfortunately(fortunate)，it is not easy to catch athletes 9.using(use) illegal drugs.10.Unless we are careful，“genetherapy” will be the next big threat.
1
abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂；n.滥用；谩骂；弊端
1abuse one’s power 滥用职权
2alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒
child abuse 虐待儿童
(1)Animals are our best friends and we should not abuse them.
动物是我们的好朋友，我们不应该虐待它们。
(2)Drug abuse and alcohol abuse contributed to his early death.
他的过早离世是滥用毒品和酗酒造成的。
多维训练
(1)She abuses his power as principal by giving jobs to her friends.
她滥用自己作为校长的职权，给朋友介绍工作。
(2)Child abuse is widespread in this country.
虐待儿童的现象在这个国家很普遍。
2
seek v.寻找look for；探索；寻求try to obtain
[应试指导] seek for作为高级词汇替换look for
seek after/for企图获得；追求；寻找
seek to do sth.试图设法做某事
seek out找到
(1)They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter.
他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。
(2)On important issues，they seek a second opinion.
在重要问题上，他们都征求别人的意见。
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)They are urgently seeking for/after the post where they are well paid.
(2)The couple have sought help from their marriage gobetweens.
(3)Corbett resolved to seek out the truth.
(4)Having sought(seek) for a solution to the problem for several days，they finally found one.
(5)Local schools are seeking to reduce(reduce) the dropout rate.
3
cater vt.迎合；满足需要provide what one wants；提供饮食及服务provide food，drinks，etc.
[多词一义] cater to/for，meet，satisfy，fulfill
cater to迎合；为……服务
cater for为……提供服务；满足……需要；顾及
cater for sth.提供饮食；承办酒席
(1)Our newspapers try to cater for all opinions.
我们的报纸尽量反映各种不同的意见。
(2)The restaurant can cater for receptions of up to 300 people.
这家饭店最多可以同时接待300人。
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)It’s the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature.
(2)It’s a holiday company that caters for the elderly.
(3)Who is catering for your daughter’s wedding?
4
prohibit v.尤指以法令禁止forbid；阻止
[多词一义] prohibit sb.from doing，stop sb.(from) doing，prevent sb.(from) doing，keep sb.from doing
1prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
prohibit one’s doing sth.禁止某人做某事
2prohibition n.禁止，禁令
prohibition against...……的禁令
(1)The price prohibited us from buying it.
这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。
(2)The new rules prohibit smoking in places like restaurants，hotels，railway stations or theatres，but not at the office.
这项新规定禁止在像餐厅、旅店、火车站和剧院这些地方吸烟，但不包括办公室。
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition against the hunting of whales.
(2)Visitors are prohibited from feeding(feed) the animals.
(3)A few schools have adopted policies that prohibit sharing(share) student contact information.
5
decline n.衰落；衰败；减少；下降；v.衰落；减少reduce；下降；婉言谢绝refuse
[多词一义] decline，refuse，deny
1a decline in在……方面下降
in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路
2decline to do...拒绝做……
(1)In many cases living standards are declining.
在许多方面生活水平正在下降。
(2)The minister declined to comment on the rumors.
部长拒绝对那些传言发表评论。
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①There has been a steady decline in public services over recent years.
②Thankfully，this is a disease that is now on the decline.
③He declined to answer(answer) my questions.
(2)单句改错
The population is in the decline.in→on或去掉the
6
submit v.服从；提交，递交；呈递文件等
submit to服从于；屈从于
submit oneself to甘受……；服从……
submit...to...向……提交……
(1)Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.
完成的方案必须在3月10日之前提交上来。
(2)In desperation，Mrs.Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.
绝望之际，琼斯夫人只好同意在其右膝上做手术以减轻疼痛。
(3)The students must submit themselves to the disciplines at school.
学生在学校必须遵守纪律。
多维训练
(1)If I submitted to(服从) their demands，they would give whatever I want.
(2)They submitted their reports to(向……提交了报告) the headmaster yesterday.
7
at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何whatever is needed to achieve...
at the cost of丧失，牺牲；以……为代价,
t a cost of以……的费用/价格
at any cost＝at all costs以任何代价，不惜一切代价
at cost按成本
(1)You must stop the press from finding out the truth at all costs.
你必须不惜一切代价阻止媒体查明真相。
(2)A new computer system has been installed at a cost of 8,000 yuan.
新的计算机系统已经安装，费用为8 000元。
多维训练
短语填空
at all costs，at the cost of，at cost，at any cost
(1)He is determined to win at all costs/at any cost.
(2)She saved him from drowning，but only at the cost of her own life.
(3)We want to find a cure at any cost/at all costs.
(4)I can buy books at cost from this bookstore.
8
tolerate vt.容忍；忍受；宽容
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)Perhaps you should be more tolerant of your little sister.
(2)I have a high tolerance to/towards that stuff.
(3)He was beyond tolerance at last，and left angrily.
(4)I can’t tolerate suffering(suffer) the loss of 1% of the profit.
9
postpone
vt.推迟，延期＝put off
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Let’s postpone making(make) a decision until we have more information.
②The summer sports meeting in our school has been postponed(postpone) for several weeks for the heavy rain.
(2)单句改错
They decided to postpone start the trip，owing to the change of the weather.start→starting
10
rob v.使丧失；抢劫；盗窃steal；剥夺
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Armed robbers(rob) broke into a jeweller’s through a hole in the wall.
②The man was serving a sentence for robbery(rob) with violence.
③Her illness robbed her of the chance to play for her school.
(2)同义句改写
The bank was robbed and shut down，but reopened last week.(用过去分词作状语改写)
