2024届高考英语一轮复习《全优课堂》模块知识总复习课件：选修8 unit 2《Cloning》（新人教版）
(1)在句中that引导同位语从句， 对被修饰词news进行解释说明， that仅起连接的作用， 无意义， 但不能省略。 (2)常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有： fact, news, hope, idea, doubt, thought，belief等。 【句型剖析】
(3)在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议、要求、命令”的词后， 同位语从句的谓语动词通常为： should＋do, should可以省略。 When hearing the news that our team had won the match, we couldn't help jumping. 听到我们队获胜的消息，我们都禁不住跳起来。 I adopted his advice that I should go over my lessons from time to time. 我采纳了他的建议：我应该不时地复习我的功课。 【易错点津】 that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别： (1)同位语从句中的that仅起连接的作用， 无意义， 但不能省略。 (2)定语从句中的that一方面起引导从句的作用， 另一方面在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。 【即时巩固】 语法填空 ①She was struck by the sudden thought __________he might already have left. ②I have some doubt _________he will object to my suggestion _________we should forbid smoking in the office. ③I hold a firm belief _________the idea __________sounds ridiculous is practical. 【答案】①that ②whether; that ③that; that/which 2．The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die… 其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉…… 句型提炼： The advantage is that…其优点是…… 句中that引导的表语从句，that不能省略。常用的类似句型还有： The disadvantage is that… 劣势是…… The problem is that… 问题是…… The drawback is that… 缺点是…… The chance is that… 有可能…… 【句型剖析】
The drawback of the popularity of cars is that it results in so much air pollution. 汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。 【即时巩固】 完成句子 ①这种方法的优点是我们可以节省大量的时间。 The advantage of this approach is ________ a lot of time. ②你可能不用付饭钱。 The chance is _____________ your meal. ③问题是我们不知道他为什么沮丧。 The problem is_______ why he casts down.
【答案】①that we can save ②that you won't have to pay for ③that we have no idea/don't know
3．object vi.反对；不赞成 n．物体；目标 【考点激活】 ①It's reported that the majority of the citizens object to __________for parking. 据报道大部分市民反对收停车费。 (1)object to sb./sth. 反对/不赞成某人/某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 (2)objection n. 反对；厌恶 raise an objection to sth. 对……提出异议 have/make an/no objection to (doing) sth. 对……表示反对/不反对 【知识建构】
(3)object n．物体；对象[C]n.目的；宗旨[C] (4)objective n．目标； 目的 adj.客观的； 不带偏见的 The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. 你能看到周围的东西是因为它们与光线相互作用。(2024北京) I have no objection to him undertaking the task. 我不反对他承担这项任务。
【举一反三】 表反对的其他表达：oppose/be opposed to/be against。 【即时巩固】 语法填空 ②They object ___________the proposal while we approve of it. ③We object to____________ (blame) for something that we haven't done. ④The plan will be carried out despite strong _________ (object) from the public. 【答案】①being charged ②to ③being blamed
④objections 4．forbid vt.(forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；不准 【考点激活】 ①In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh_________,_especially if you are a woman. 在一些中东国家，暴露皮肤是被禁止的，尤其是妇女。(2024重庆) forbid doing 禁止做某事 forbid sb.sth. 禁止某人某事 forbid sb.to do 禁止某人做某事
forbid sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid that… 禁止……(从句用“should＋动词原形”) forbidden area 禁区 the Forbidden City 故宫 【知识建构】
Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 请注意食品和水果禁止带入图书馆，但是允许你带入饮料和甜点。(2024天津) I forbid you using my tape recorder. 我不许你用我的录音机。
【举一反三】 forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise等。 【即时巩固】 完成句子 ②This is a __________________(禁区)．No one is permitted ______________(进入)． ③The government _________________(已经禁止吸烟) in the public places.
④I had no idea why my mother___________ (禁止我游览故宫)． 【答案】①is forbidden ②forbidden area; to come in
③has forbidden smoking ④forbade me to visit the Forbidden City 5．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢
【考点激活】 ①Looking back, Diana, a fashion(时装) designer, owes her achievements _______ the goal she set, the education she received from the college, and above all the efforts she made. 回首过去，作为时装设计师的戴安娜将她的成功归因于她设定的目标，在大学里接受的教育，最重要的是她自身的努力。
(1)owe…to… 把……归功于…… owe it to sb.that… 多亏某人帮忙 (2)owe sb.an apology 该向某人道歉 owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情 owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物 (3)owing to 因为；由于 【知识建构】
As far as I'm concerned, I owe him an apology. 我认为我得向他道歉。 Owing to the rain, they could not come. 由于下雨，他们不能来了。 【即时巩固】 语法填空 ②He owes his success______ hard work and practice. ③I owe ________to you that I accomplished my work as planned. ④ ___________(owe) to engine trouble, the plane had to make a forced landing. 【答案】①to ②to ③it ④Owing 6．strike vi.& vt.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴)n.罢工 【考点激活】 ①I still love to record ideas and quotations that________________ me in books. 我依旧喜欢记录那些在书里打动我的思想和引言。(2024湖北) be struck with(by) 为……所侵袭；为……所触动(感动) It strikes sb.that… 某人突然意识到……/……使某人震惊 strike a match 划火柴 strike…into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心 be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 【知识建构】
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 最后，当你的意识已经慢慢转移的时候，你不知道一个完美的主意可能产生了。(2024北京) An idea suddenly struck me last night. 昨晚我突然有了一个主意。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 【即时巩固】 完成句子 ②当钟敲响了五点，他们开始罢工。 When the clock _____________， they set out ________________.
③我突然意识到这个男孩已被这篇文章所触动。 It _________ that the boy ___________ by the article. 【答案】①strike ②struck five; to go on strike ③struck me; had been struck 1．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 【考点激活】 ①Finally, that hard work paid __________ and now the water in the river is cleaner than ever. 最终，他们的努力工作获得了成功。现在河中的水比以前干净多了。(2024课标Ⅰ) pay (sb.) for… 支付(给某人)……的费用 pay back 报复；报答；偿还；偿付 pay attention to… 注意…… pay a visit to… 拜访；参观 【知识建构】
He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts. 他竭尽全力地偿还了斯帕罗的债务。(2024山东)
He undertook to pay back as soon as possible. 他答应尽快还钱。 【即时巩固】 用pay短语的适当形式填空 ②Some day I'll ______you ______for your objections to my plan. ③It was because of their hard work that they _________________ their debt after ten years.
④But I will never forget what the experience has really taught me.Sacrifices __________in the end.(2024天津) 【答案】①off ②pay; back ③paid off ④pay off
2．in vain 白费力气；枉费心机 【考点激活】
①It became apparent that all her complaints were ________ vain. 很明显她所有的抱怨都是白费口舌。 “in＋名词”类介词短语： in danger 处于危险中 in trouble 在麻烦中 in time 及时 in need 需要 in advance 提前 in charge (of) 主管 in possession of 拥有 【知识建构】
in debt 负债 in order 井然有序 in fact/reality/effect 事实上 in practice 在实践中；实际上 in return 作为报答 in place 在适当的位置；恰当的
His reply is in effect an apology. 他的答复事实上是一种道歉。 All the arrangements are now in place for their visit. 他们来访的一切都安排就绪了。 【即时巩固】
用含有in的短语填空 Five years ago, Tom lost his job and he was ②_____.But he was ③ ______a big house.All the things in it were ④_____， making the house very neat.He was warmhearted and ready to help those ⑤_____.He often said efforts would never be ⑥_____. 【答案】①in ②in debt ③in possession of ④in order/place ⑤in trouble ⑥in vain 1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。 句型提炼： news的同位语从句 Unit 2 Cloning 话题·现代技术 (2024浙江名校联盟期中联考) 科技发展给人们带来便利的同时也引发了很多困扰：人际间的沟通困难、生存环境恶化、疾病蔓延……面对这些问题，我们将何去何从？根据你的体会，结合具体事例，谈谈自己的看法和建议。
【晨背范文】 As we all know, the development of science brings great convenience to us.Meanwhile, it also contributes to various problems, such as lack of hearttoheart communication, polluted air and water, the spread of some diseases. Personally, it is human beings that are to blame.If we wish to leave our next generations a still beautiful world, we have to take action instantly.Stop destroying the earth by cutting down trees and turning green land into concrete.Stop pouring waste into rivers and oceans to protect the water source.What's the most important is to educate the public and carry out the laws firmly.Hope our combined efforts will pay off one day. ★话题词汇 1．electronic adj.电子的 2．nanometer n．纳米 3．software n．软件 4．have a good effect on 对……有好的影响 5．surf the Internet 上网 6．longdistance educational system 远程教育系统 ★话题佳句 1．Computer technology has come a long way since the 1970s. 自20世纪70年代以来，电脑技术有了很大的发展。 2．In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the earth is faced with a variety of environmental problems. 近几年，随着科技的发展，地球面临着各种各样的环境问题。
3．The new technology has been widely adopted, improving the output a great deal. 这项新工艺得到了广泛的应用，大大提高了产量。 Ⅰ.单词速忆 1．___________ vt.获得； 赢得 2．___________ adv.总共； 完全地 3．___________ vt.&vi.积累； 聚积 4．___________vt.扔；投；掷 5．___________ vt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰 6．___________ vi.退休；离开 obtain
altogether
accumulate
cast
bother
retire
7．___________ vt.&vi.打；撞击；罢工n.罢工 8．_____________ n．突破 9．___________n．缺点； 不利条件 10．___________adj.虚荣的； 自负的； 徒劳的 11．________________ adj.简单的； 直接的； 坦率的 strike
breakthrough
drawback
vain
straightforward
12．___________vi.不同；相异→___________ adj.不同的→___________n．不同；差异 13．___________ vi.反对；不赞成→___________ n．不赞成；反对；异议 14．______________ vt.& vi.积累；聚积→________________ n．积累；聚积 15．___________ n．规则；规章；法规→___________ adj.有秩序的；正规的 differ
different
difference
object
objection
accumulate
accumulation
regulation
regular
16．___________n．假定；设想→___________vt.假定；设想 17．___________ adj.精确的；准确的→___________ adv.准确地 18．___________ adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→___________ n．理由；道理 19．___________ adv.仅；只；不过→_______ adj.仅仅的 20．___________ adv.立刻；不久→___________ adj.(时间等)短的；近的 assumption
assume
exact
exactly
reasonable
reason merely
mere
shortly
short
Ⅱ.短语快译
1．__________________ 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 2．__________________ 反对 3．__________________ 使复生；使复活 4．__________________ 一定或注定(做)…… 5．__________________ 沮丧；不愉快 pay off
object to
bring back to life
(be) bound to (do)
cast down
6．____________________ 使……刻骨铭心 7．__________________ 赞成；支持 8．__________ 白费力气；枉费心机 9．__________________ 不时；偶尔 10．______________________状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏 strike…into one's heart
in favour of
in vain
from time to time
in good/poor condition
Ⅲ.句式仿写 1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.(that引导的同位语从句) 仿写：消息传来， 中国科学家屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔医学奖。 Word came ____________________ the Nobel Prize for Medicine. 【答案】that the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou had won 2．However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.(whether引导的宾语从句) 仿写：我不知道我父亲退休后是否会参加这个合唱队。 I don't know _________________ the chorus after retiring. 【答案】whether my father will join 3．The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.(The advantage is that…优点/优势是……) 仿写：骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以减轻空气污染，过一种低碳生活。 ___________ we can reduce air pollution and live a lowcarbon life. 【答案】The advantage of cycling to work is that 4．What do you think is the writer's point of view in this reading passage? (疑问词＋插入语＋其他部分) 仿写：这些科学发现中，你认为哪一项是重大突破？
_____________________________ a great breakthrough of the scientific discoveries?
【答案】Which one do you think is Ⅳ.单元语法 同位语从句 用适当的关系词填空 1．There is no doubt ______ this success is breakthrough. 2．The news surprised me __________ the young man has overcome all the drawbacks. 3．I have no idea __________ the chorus will come to China to perform next week.
4．The fact __________ she objects to the plan annoys her husband. 5．I hold the belief __________ my efforts will pay off some day. 【答案】1.that 2.that 3.whether 4.that 5.that Ⅴ.教材活用 根据课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 Cloning is a way of 1.________(make) an exact copy of another animal or plant.It has two major uses.One is 2.________ gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants.The other is that it is 3.________(value)for research on new species and for medical research on animals.4.________， the process of cloning is difficult _5.________(undertake)． Many attempts to clone mammals failed.The first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, made the whole 6.________ (science) world follow its process, though it had 7.________(much)problems than the normal sheep.On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of 8.________(object) and had a great impact 9.________ the media and public imagination.Different people have different opinions on it.However, scientists still wonder whether cloning 10.________ (help) or harm us and where it is leading us.
【答案】1.making 2.that 3.valuable 4.However 5．to undertake 6.scientific 7.more 8.objections 9.on 10．will help 1．differ vi.不同；相异
【考点激活】 ①The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even __________between rural(农村的)and urban areas within one country.
我们吃的食物，吃食物的时间和方式对于某种特定的文化而言都是独一无二的，甚至在同一个国家之内在农村和城市地区也是不同的。(2024安徽)
(1)A differs from B in … A与B在……方面不同 (2) different adj. 不同的；差异的；各式各样的 be different from… 与……不同 (3) difference n. 差别；差异；分歧；争执 tell the difference between A and B 区分A与B之间的差异 make a/no/some difference to sb./sth. 对……要紧/不要紧/有些要紧 【知识建构】
How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?
台湾有关于奴隶制度的小说与斯托的有何不同？(2024江苏) —Can you tell the differences between the twins?
—Their living styles are quite different from each other and they also differ greatly in hobbies. ——你知道这对双胞胎的区别吗？ ——他们的生活方式以及个性爱好也有很大的差异。
【即时巩固】 语法填空 Although we differ ②________ character ③________each other，it does not make much difference ④________our friendship. 【答案】①differ ②in ③from ④to 2．undertake vt.着手；从事；承担；保证 【考点激活】 ①To do so, it should help to understand why people _________ volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work. 为了这样做，它应该帮助理解为什么人们从事志愿者工作，是什么使他们保持对这一工作的兴趣。(2024江苏) undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事 undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事 undertake for… 为……负责 undertake that… 保证…… undertake responsibility/a task/a project 承担责任/任务/工程 【知识建构】
