高考英语复习完形填空:专题训练3五大高效解题步骤(湖南专用)
完形填空专题训练(湖南)3五大高效解题步骤
(2011·湖南卷)People in communities have slowly been pushed apart through the years, mostly because people simply aren't taking the time to say a simple “hello”. After considering this phenomenon, I decided I was going to __36__ the way I was doing things.
My __37__ came one morning when I was in the community library. I passed by a girl who __38__ her books out of her locker. Thinking like most that someone else would help her pick them up, I continued my way. However, when I had to __39__ because I stupidly forgot my book, I noticed she had just finished packing them up by herself. No one had stopped to __40__ her.
“OK,” I thought to myself, “this is where I should have changed.”
My best opportunity came a few days later when I saw a man __41__ by himself waiting for the library to open, so I sat down next to him and began a __42__. It was difficult to get started, and even when I had to say goodbye, almost every __43__ from my new friend had a tone (语气) of doubt in it.And who could blame him?
People aren't used to making an __44__ chat with a stranger. But a change, no matter how __45__ it is needed, doesn't just happen. It takes people like us to make it possible. I __46__ you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someone's day a little brighter. Together, we can really make society come __47__ as a whole.
36.A. change
B.explain
C.learn
D.show
37.A. trouble
B.doubt
C.wish
D.opportunity
38.A. took
B.dropped
C.got
D.pulled
39.A. come out
B.stand by
C.go back
D.turn up
40.A. please
B.greet
C.help
D.praise
41.A. sitting
B.walking
C.riding
D.running
42. A. discussion
B.lesson
C.report
D.conversation
43. A. joke
B.response
C.cry
D.story
44.A. unchangeable
B.unprepared
C.unforgettable
D.unfinished
45.A. desperately
B.frequently
C.simply
D.widely
46.A. allow
B.warn
C.order
D.advise
47.A. later
B.straighter
C.closer
D.slower
【全文大意】文章通过作者记叙自己在社区图书馆的经历,来劝告人们通过尝试与陌生人交流来增进彼此之间的关系,符合了当下“和谐社会”的大环境。
【解析】36. A 考查动词。根据文义,作者在思考了社区内人与人之间距离逐渐疏远这一现象后,决定改变之前的行为。值得注意的是,后文即对作者的行为进行描述,第三段的最后一词即为change,符合前后对应原则。
【解析】37. D 考查名词。句意:一天早上,当我在社区图书馆的时候,我的……出现了。可以通过理解得出答案,但也可以简单地按照完形名词解题法寻找重复,第四段第三个词即为答案。
【解析】38. B 考查动词。对应后文pick up,可知小女孩之前是书掉落,选dropped。
【解析】39. C 考查短语。根据文义,作者后来发现没人帮助小女孩,说明作者必定重新返回原来的地方。
【解析】40. C 考查动词。前文someone else和后文的no one对应,所以动作也应该对应,所以选help。
【解析】41. A 考查动词。后文so是解题点,说明作者的动作也和一位男士的动作一致,故选sitting。
【解析】42. D 考查名词。寻找重复后发现,第44题后面一个词chat即为本题答案,因此选chat的同义词conversation。
【解析】43. B 考查名词。句意:我的新朋友的每个……中都显示出怀疑的语气。joke,cry和story在文中均未提及,直接排除,选response。
【解析】44. B 考查形容词。此题考查文章归纳总结能力。文章说:对于一个陌生人,人们并不习惯于进行……的交谈。此句是由前文作者对于陌生人的反应而总结出来的。前文作者对陌生人的交谈很不顺利,如何开始、如何结束都显得十分困难,因此本题应选择与“困难”相近的词。纵观备选项,unprepared(未准备好的,即兴的)较符合文义。
【解析】45. A 考查副词。句意:和陌生人交谈的方式的改变无论是……的需要,它都不会发生。此题单纯从文义理解比较困难,建议用排除法。frequently, simply, widely这3个选项均不是文章讨论的内容,可以排除,剩下答案desperately(十分,非常地)修饰这种需要的迫切程度。
【解析】46. D 考查动词。最后一段作者针对与陌生人疏远这种情况,建议人们努力改善,答案则容易得出。
【解析】47. C 对应第一段的apart,此处应选择相对应的反义词closer。
1. 细读首句,预测主题
“完形填空”所选短文第一句往往是全文的关键句或是主题句。它是文章的“窗口”,通过它,可以大致了解全文的概貌与作者的立意。所以,细读首句,重视首句,正确理解首句是解题的关键,是正确预测的基础。要细心阅读,客观分析,理性思索,以期挖掘出更多的有用的潜在信息,为后面的解题打下坚实的基础。
2. 跳读全文,领会大意
要学会跳读技巧。借助首尾句所给启示,捕捉文中关键词的词义信息,跳过空格,快速把短文从头到尾通读一遍,大概了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构、情节发展、前因后果、论点论据等,进一步从整体上理解短文大意。同时对空格估计填什么词可作试探性的猜测,为下一步选择答案做好准备。切忌急于求成,看一句填一空。若一开始就忙于填空,势必无法掌握文章中心,造成顾此失彼,错误百出的不良结果。
3. 通读全文,试选答案
根据大意,以全文为背景,以上下文为依托,选取语法上正确,文义上贴近的词语填入,初步完成空格。试填选项时,一定要注意在语境理解上下工夫,要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系,进行多角度、全方位分析。可先读所要填词的句子,复读上一句,兼顾下一句,即“瞻前顾后”。在阅读全文时,不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语等的作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境的关键词,具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下的特殊功能。
4. 细读全文,推敲难题
有些空格在初步完形时就可以定局,可部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步,我们将短文中被挖去的词“复位”了一些,对语境的了解更清晰,更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件,联系上下文,根据常识,运用逻辑推理,结合语境和已选答案所提供的信息,对候选项再次进行仔细推敲,缜密考虑,选出最佳答案。
5. 复读全文,调整答案
在完形空格后,要把全文再浏览一遍,仔细检查一下你选的答案是否能使文意上下连贯、前后照应,逻辑顺畅,能否自然地融入语篇。既要检查语境、语法、惯用法的正确性,也要考虑内容和逻辑的合理性。对感觉有问题的地方,要仔细揣摩,准确定夺。
完形填空专题训练(湖南)3五大高效解题步骤
(2011·湖南卷)People in communities have slowly been pushed apart through the years, mostly because people simply aren't taking the time to say a simple “hello”. After considering this phenomenon, I decided I was going to __36__ the way I was doing things.
My __37__ came one morning when I was in the community library. I passed by a girl who __38__ her books out of her locker. Thinking like most that someone else would help her pick them up, I continued my way. However, when I had to __39__ because I stupidly forgot my book, I noticed she had just finished packing them up by herself. No one had stopped to __40__ her.
“OK,” I thought to myself, “this is where I should have changed.”
My best opportunity came a few days later when I saw a man __41__ by himself waiting for the library to open, so I sat down next to him and began a __42__. It was difficult to get started, and even when I had to say goodbye, almost every __43__ from my new friend had a tone (语气) of doubt in it.And who could blame him?
People aren't used to making an __44__ chat with a stranger. But a change, no matter how __45__ it is needed, doesn't just happen. It takes people like us to make it possible. I __46__ you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someone's day a little brighter. Together, we can really make society come __47__ as a whole.
36.A. change
B.explain
C.learn
D.show
37.A. trouble
B.doubt
C.wish
D.opportunity
38.A. took
B.dropped
C.got
D.pulled
39.A. come out
B.stand by
C.go back
D.turn up
40.A. please
B.greet
C.help
D.praise
41.A. sitting
B.walking
C.riding
D.running
42. A. discussion
B.lesson
C.report
D.conversation
43. A. joke
B.response
C.cry
D.story
44.A. unchangeable
B.unprepared
C.unforgettable
D.unfinished
45.A. desperately
B.frequently
C.simply
D.widely
46.A. allow
B.warn
C.order
D.advise
47.A. later
B.straighter
C.closer
D.slower
【全文大意】文章通过作者记叙自己在社区图书馆的经历,来劝告人们通过尝试与陌生人交流来增进彼此之间的关系,符合了当下“和谐社会”的大环境。
【解析】36. A 考查动词。根据文义,作者在思考了社区内人与人之间距离逐渐疏远这一现象后,决定改变之前的行为。值得注意的是,后文即对作者的行为进行描述,第三段的最后一词即为change,符合前后对应原则。
【解析】37. D 考查名词。句意:一天早上,当我在社区图书馆的时候,我的……出现了。可以通过理解得出答案,但也可以简单地按照完形名词解题法寻找重复,第四段第三个词即为答案。
【解析】38. B 考查动词。对应后文pick up,可知小女孩之前是书掉落,选dropped。
【解析】39. C 考查短语。根据文义,作者后来发现没人帮助小女孩,说明作者必定重新返回原来的地方。
【解析】40. C 考查动词。前文someone else和后文的no one对应,所以动作也应该对应,所以选help。
【解析】41. A 考查动词。后文so是解题点,说明作者的动作也和一位男士的动作一致,故选sitting。
【解析】42. D 考查名词。寻找重复后发现,第44题后面一个词chat即为本题答案,因此选chat的同义词conversation。
【解析】43. B 考查名词。句意:我的新朋友的每个……中都显示出怀疑的语气。joke,cry和story在文中均未提及,直接排除,选response。
【解析】44. B 考查形容词。此题考查文章归纳总结能力。文章说:对于一个陌生人,人们并不习惯于进行……的交谈。此句是由前文作者对于陌生人的反应而总结出来的。前文作者对陌生人的交谈很不顺利,如何开始、如何结束都显得十分困难,因此本题应选择与“困难”相近的词。纵观备选项,unprepared(未准备好的,即兴的)较符合文义。
【解析】45. A 考查副词。句意:和陌生人交谈的方式的改变无论是……的需要,它都不会发生。此题单纯从文义理解比较困难,建议用排除法。frequently, simply, widely这3个选项均不是文章讨论的内容,可以排除,剩下答案desperately(十分,非常地)修饰这种需要的迫切程度。
【解析】46. D 考查动词。最后一段作者针对与陌生人疏远这种情况,建议人们努力改善,答案则容易得出。
【解析】47. C 对应第一段的apart,此处应选择相对应的反义词closer。
1. 细读首句,预测主题
“完形填空”所选短文第一句往往是全文的关键句或是主题句。它是文章的“窗口”,通过它,可以大致了解全文的概貌与作者的立意。所以,细读首句,重视首句,正确理解首句是解题的关键,是正确预测的基础。要细心阅读,客观分析,理性思索,以期挖掘出更多的有用的潜在信息,为后面的解题打下坚实的基础。
2. 跳读全文,领会大意
要学会跳读技巧。借助首尾句所给启示,捕捉文中关键词的词义信息,跳过空格,快速把短文从头到尾通读一遍,大概了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构、情节发展、前因后果、论点论据等,进一步从整体上理解短文大意。同时对空格估计填什么词可作试探性的猜测,为下一步选择答案做好准备。切忌急于求成,看一句填一空。若一开始就忙于填空,势必无法掌握文章中心,造成顾此失彼,错误百出的不良结果。
3. 通读全文,试选答案
根据大意,以全文为背景,以上下文为依托,选取语法上正确,文义上贴近的词语填入,初步完成空格。试填选项时,一定要注意在语境理解上下工夫,要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系,进行多角度、全方位分析。可先读所要填词的句子,复读上一句,兼顾下一句,即“瞻前顾后”。在阅读全文时,不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语等的作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境的关键词,具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下的特殊功能。
4. 细读全文,推敲难题
有些空格在初步完形时就可以定局,可部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步,我们将短文中被挖去的词“复位”了一些,对语境的了解更清晰,更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件,联系上下文,根据常识,运用逻辑推理,结合语境和已选答案所提供的信息,对候选项再次进行仔细推敲,缜密考虑,选出最佳答案。
5. 复读全文,调整答案
在完形空格后,要把全文再浏览一遍,仔细检查一下你选的答案是否能使文意上下连贯、前后照应,逻辑顺畅,能否自然地融入语篇。既要检查语境、语法、惯用法的正确性,也要考虑内容和逻辑的合理性。对感觉有问题的地方,要仔细揣摩,准确定夺。