英语四级阅读: 加薪赶不上物价

　　The price of an education isnt the only thing going up. Anyone whos been to a supermarket or a gas station lately can attest to that. But while it costs more to educate your kids, buy milk for them and keep the gas tank full to take them to school, its likely your paycheck has not kept pace. The latest U.S. Labor Department statistics show that average hourly wages have been flat for four of the last five months.

　　Here to discuss the lack of wage growth is NPRs senior business editor Marilyn Geewax.

　　Good to see you again, Marilyn.

　　MARILYN GEEWAX: Hi, Liane.

　　HANSEN: Marilyn, we havent seen much inflation in the last few years. Are we seeing it now?

　　GEEWAX: So far this year, yes. Weve seen a lot of inflation. Over the last three months, consumer prices have been rising at a rate of 5.6 percent. Thats an annual rate but its a lot.

　　Theres a pretty heated debate among economists over whether or not the pace is just a temporary blip or this is a long-term trend. Last week, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, he said that he thinks this recent surge in prices is, quote, transitory, and that itll go away soon.

　　But in Europe, the central bankers took exactly the opposite position. On Thursday, they raised interest rates in an attempt to slow down economic growth in Europe. They want to cool consumer demand enough to hold down the price pressure.

　　HANSEN: So wages have not kept up with those price hikes?

　　GEEWAX: Its really remarkable how slow the wage growth is been. Historically, wages and prices move more or less together; workers get cost of living adjustments to keep up with prices. But that just hasnt been happening lately. The Labor Department said that in March, average weekly earnings amounted to $784.44. And, Liane, that was not one single penny more than the previous month. So it makes it pretty tough for people to keep up with their bills.

　　Lets say that youre the average person and youre trying to fill up your gas tank - thats 12 gallons of gas, thats pretty average. That costs you this year $40 a month more than it was costing last year ago. And this is happening with a lot of things: beef, milk, vegetables, butter, fruit - theyre all a lot higher in recent months.

　　HANSEN: Is everything getting more expensive?

　　GEEWAX: There really are some things that are cheaper. Home prices are still falling. And, you know, technology just gets cheaper all the time. So smartphone prices are down. But you dont really buy a house or even a phone all that often, but you do buy gasoline and milk all the time. So workers out there are feeling the squeeze of stuck wages and the higher prices.

　　HANSEN: So whats the problem? I mean cant companies afford to give raises?

　　GEEWAX: Well, actually corporate profits have been terrific. In the fourth quarter of last year, corporate profits - or at least those that are measured by the SP 500 Index - they were up 31 percent. And this week, well be getting a lot of reports on first quarter earnings and pretty much everybody is expecting them to be healthy too.

　　So were seeing corporations enjoying big profits. They have greater productivity. Theyve got higher stock prices. But we still have an awful lot of uncertainty out there and employers are wary, they dont want to hire. And that reluctance to increase the payroll has created this enormous pool of unemployed, but willing workers.

　　We have more than 13 million people who are seeking jobs. Most employers dont have to offer higher wages to retain their existing workers or to attract new ones from this giant pool of unemployed people.

　　And then theres globalization. Right now, there arent nearly enough jobs being created in the United States. But in places like China and India, they are. Theyre creating jobs, theyre creating consumers, and those people are pushing up the demand for food and fuel and other commodities.

　　So thats really the core of the problem. Weve got slack job grown here in the United States but were shopping for the same food and fuel and iron that people in other countries want too. So that gives Americans a pretty painful mismatch. We have low wage growth but high commodity prices.

　　HANSEN: Doesnt sound very encouraging for the average consumer.

　　GEEWAX: Well, its not because there arent any easy fixes for this mismatch. What would help would be a surge in job creation in the United States. That would put upward pressure on our wages. And we also need a big boost in the output of food and energy to relieve and get rid of this mismatch.

　　HANSEN: NPR senior business editor Marilyn Geewax. Thanks, Marilyn.

　　GEEWAX: Youre welcome, Liane.

　　The price of an education isnt the only thing going up. Anyone whos been to a supermarket or a gas station lately can attest to that. But while it costs more to educate your kids, buy milk for them and keep the gas tank full to take them to school, its likely your paycheck has not kept pace. The latest U.S. Labor Department statistics show that average hourly wages have been flat for four of the last five months.

　　Here to discuss the lack of wage growth is NPRs senior business editor Marilyn Geewax.

　　Good to see you again, Marilyn.

　　MARILYN GEEWAX: Hi, Liane.

　　HANSEN: Marilyn, we havent seen much inflation in the last few years. Are we seeing it now?

　　GEEWAX: So far this year, yes. Weve seen a lot of inflation. Over the last three months, consumer prices have been rising at a rate of 5.6 percent. Thats an annual rate but its a lot.

　　Theres a pretty heated debate among economists over whether or not the pace is just a temporary blip or this is a long-term trend. Last week, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, he said that he thinks this recent surge in prices is, quote, transitory, and that itll go away soon.

　　But in Europe, the central bankers took exactly the opposite position. On Thursday, they raised interest rates in an attempt to slow down economic growth in Europe. They want to cool consumer demand enough to hold down the price pressure.

　　HANSEN: So wages have not kept up with those price hikes?

　　GEEWAX: Its really remarkable how slow the wage growth is been. Historically, wages and prices move more or less together; workers get cost of living adjustments to keep up with prices. But that just hasnt been happening lately. The Labor Department said that in March, average weekly earnings amounted to $784.44. And, Liane, that was not one single penny more than the previous month. So it makes it pretty tough for people to keep up with their bills.

　　Lets say that youre the average person and youre trying to fill up your gas tank - thats 12 gallons of gas, thats pretty average. That costs you this year $40 a month more than it was costing last year ago. And this is happening with a lot of things: beef, milk, vegetables, butter, fruit - theyre all a lot higher in recent months.

　　HANSEN: Is everything getting more expensive?

　　GEEWAX: There really are some things that are cheaper. Home prices are still falling. And, you know, technology just gets cheaper all the time. So smartphone prices are down. But you dont really buy a house or even a phone all that often, but you do buy gasoline and milk all the time. So workers out there are feeling the squeeze of stuck wages and the higher prices.

　　HANSEN: So whats the problem? I mean cant companies afford to give raises?

　　GEEWAX: Well, actually corporate profits have been terrific. In the fourth quarter of last year, corporate profits - or at least those that are measured by the SP 500 Index - they were up 31 percent. And this week, well be getting a lot of reports on first quarter earnings and pretty much everybody is expecting them to be healthy too.

　　So were seeing corporations enjoying big profits. They have greater productivity. Theyve got higher stock prices. But we still have an awful lot of uncertainty out there and employers are wary, they dont want to hire. And that reluctance to increase the payroll has created this enormous pool of unemployed, but willing workers.

　　We have more than 13 million people who are seeking jobs. Most employers dont have to offer higher wages to retain their existing workers or to attract new ones from this giant pool of unemployed people.

　　And then theres globalization. Right now, there arent nearly enough jobs being created in the United States. But in places like China and India, they are. Theyre creating jobs, theyre creating consumers, and those people are pushing up the demand for food and fuel and other commodities.

　　So thats really the core of the problem. Weve got slack job grown here in the United States but were shopping for the same food and fuel and iron that people in other countries want too. So that gives Americans a pretty painful mismatch. We have low wage growth but high commodity prices.

　　HANSEN: Doesnt sound very encouraging for the average consumer.

　　GEEWAX: Well, its not because there arent any easy fixes for this mismatch. What would help would be a surge in job creation in the United States. That would put upward pressure on our wages. And we also need a big boost in the output of food and energy to relieve and get rid of this mismatch.

　　HANSEN: NPR senior business editor Marilyn Geewax. Thanks, Marilyn.

　　GEEWAX: Youre welcome, Liane.