大学英语考试四级听力考前的辅导（2）

　　B.对话部分的应试技巧

　　听力测试的对话内容主要是日常生活中的一般交际内容，涉及到衣、食、住、行、工作和学习等。对话的题材主要谈工作情况、职业特点、家庭计划、行为动机、事件背景、人物动态、行动意图等。根据近年，尤其是2003年6月四级听力测试的试题来看，听力材料中的句子结构渐趋复杂，主从复合句明显增加，隐含否定题型，言外之意题型和重复反问题型时有出现，而且语境材料偏长，信息量大、选项相对较长，这就使四级听力的难度大大增加，考虑到听力测试命题的这种趋势，同学们更应该明确主攻方向，针对听力测试的重点和难点，做好复习备考工作。

　　1.有关对话部分中的常见短语与表达方式：

　　(1)职业与身份：

　　a, 教师与学生

　　可能的场景：学生问老师问题;学生寻求老师帮助;学生询问老师对作业的意见;老师要求学生校对论文打印错误。

　　常见词与短语：

　　textbook, course, subject, homework, assignment, test, quiz, tuition, school record(成绩单),credits(学分),registration, quit school, term paper, thesis(毕业论文),band(乐队),Students Union, gymnasium, homecoming(校友聚会), dormitory, teaching building，do research for ,professor, semester, work as ones teaching assistant, assistance, assist, trouble a professor, may I ask you a few questions, I have a class at ten, come in ones office hours, finish reading ones research report, revise some parts of it, get it published, read some papers he recommended, correct all the typing errors in a paper, read it through again, check the paper for typing errors等。

　　b, 图书馆管理员与学生

　　常见词与短语:

　　library, book for reading assignment, magazine, periodical, fiction, reading room, library card, library catalogue(图书馆的图书目录), loan desk(借书处), journal, reference book, stacks(书库), shelves, renew, due(到期的), overdue(过期的),close, open, weekend, weekday, check out, volume two , check for sb., borrow, one the upper shelf, a book hard to identify/ is missing, has been misplaced 等。

　　c, 营业员与顾客

　　常见词与短语:

　　on sale, bargain, price, out of style(老式), fashion, ready-made(成衣), cloth pattern(花纹，图案),tip, cash or charge(付现金还是记账),department store, cashier, supermarket, daily necessities, check-out stand(付款柜台), receipt, shop assistant, salesman, clerk等。

　　d，饭店与顾客

　　常见词与短语:

　　seasoning(调味品), menu, wine, drink, food, snack, banquet-tray(餐盘), paper napkin(纸餐巾), go Dutch(各自付账)，receptionist, service counter, a single room, a double room, customer, manager, boss, well-done(全熟的), underdone(半熟的)等。

　　e，医生与病人

　　常见词与短语:

　　hospital, doctor, nurse, patient, operation, ward, physician, medicine, surgery, hospital registers office(挂号处), outpatient department(门诊部), emergency department(急诊部), to suffer from, to give an infection, to give first-aid treatment(急诊)等。

　　地点与方向

　　a，Hospital

　　常见词与短语:

　　blood pressure, cough, fever, a headache, pills, tablets, take ones temperature, take medicine, patient, doctor, nurse, dentist, a physical examination, physician等。

　　b，Bank

　　常见词与短语:

　　account, bank clerk, current account, check, service charge, cash the cheque, saving/check account等。

　　c，Hotel

　　常见词与短语:

　　hotel, motel, a single/double room, a suite, book a room, check in/out, register, fill in a room, make a reservation, lobby, Room Service, reception, front desk, porter, tip等。?

　　d, Railway statio

　　常见词与短语:

　　train, platform, passenger, check in/out, catch a train, miss a train, fail to catch a train等。?

　　e, Bus station/sto

　　常见词与短语:

　　conductor, passenger, fare, next stop, the terminal station等。

　　f，Airport or on plane

　　常见词与短语:

　　airliner, airlines, land, take off, flight, on board, boarding card, departure, arrival, destination, cancel a flight, delay, check in, luggage, fasten the safe belt, crew 等。

　　g, Library

　　常见词与短语:

　　librarian, assistant, call number, book, due, overdue, return, renew, borrow, lend, latest issue, card, catalogue, fine, fiction, novel, magazine, bookshelf等。

　　h, Movie/Theatre

　　常见词与短语:

　　film, movie, play, show, drama, row, seat, be on , performance, program, Shakespeare, Oscar, ticket, check in, The Twelfth Night等。

　　i，Store

　　常见词与短语:

　　department store, the grocers, drug store, shop, go shopping, market, on sale, sell well, size ,type, fashion, style, color, cost, price, counter, brand, cash, check, assistant, May I help you? What can I do for you? How much does it cost? Here you are. pay, buy, purchase, change, US dollars, Hong Kong dollars, pounds, shelling, penny等。

　　j，School/University

　　常见词与短语:

　　campus, department, dean, college, professor, teacher, student, tutor, lecturer, headmaster, principal, lecture, academic report, textbook, semester, examination, test, lab， required course, elective course, gymnasium, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, graduate, post graduate, grade, bachelors degree, masters degree, doctors degree等。

　　k，Restaurant

　　常见词与短语:

　　make a reservation, order, soft drink, wine, beer, brandy, whisky, dessert, salad, soup, bread, rice, noodle, potato, tomato, beef, meat, pork, chicken, mutton, pie, roast, fry, steam, a dish, main food, menu, Help yourself, Im full. cook, delicious, taste, smell, waiter, waitress, pay the bill, cash, go Dutch等。?

　　l，Post office

　　常见词与短语:

　　post, mail, postage, stamp, envelope, parcel, air-mail, EMS, registered mail, transfer, postcard, telegram, fax, cable等。

　　m, Customs house

　　常见词与短语:

　　declare, clear/clearance, tariff, pay duty on, duty free, fill in the form, article, passenger, smuggling/smuggle, drugs, illegal, legal等。

　　n, Meeting

　　常见词与短语:

　　deliver a speech, preside, host, chairman/chairperson, conclude, propose, suggest, for, against, agree, disagree, reinforce, argue, debate, dispute, solution, decide/decision等。

　　o, Dance party

　　常见词与短语:

　　gather, together, DJ, disco, have a ball, dance with, music, band, dancer, singer, May I have the pleasure of next dance?等。

　　p, Gas station

　　常见词与短语:

　　pull in/out, petrol, gasoline, fill in the tank, litre等

　　q, At home

　　常见词与短语:

　　housework, go to bed, retire to bed, housewife, sitting room, bedroom, washing room, do cooking, gardening, take a rest, in the garden等。

　　r, Court

　　常见词与短语:

　　your honor, jury, judge, justice, case, counselor, recess, lawyer, witness, victim, proof, identity, suspicion, to be executed sentence, imprisonment, execution, laws, legal, illegal, defendant, complainant等。

　　B.对话部分的应试技巧

　　听力测试的对话内容主要是日常生活中的一般交际内容，涉及到衣、食、住、行、工作和学习等。对话的题材主要谈工作情况、职业特点、家庭计划、行为动机、事件背景、人物动态、行动意图等。根据近年，尤其是2003年6月四级听力测试的试题来看，听力材料中的句子结构渐趋复杂，主从复合句明显增加，隐含否定题型，言外之意题型和重复反问题型时有出现，而且语境材料偏长，信息量大、选项相对较长，这就使四级听力的难度大大增加，考虑到听力测试命题的这种趋势，同学们更应该明确主攻方向，针对听力测试的重点和难点，做好复习备考工作。

　　1.有关对话部分中的常见短语与表达方式：

　　(1)职业与身份：

　　a, 教师与学生

　　可能的场景：学生问老师问题;学生寻求老师帮助;学生询问老师对作业的意见;老师要求学生校对论文打印错误。

　　常见词与短语：

　　textbook, course, subject, homework, assignment, test, quiz, tuition, school record(成绩单),credits(学分),registration, quit school, term paper, thesis(毕业论文),band(乐队),Students Union, gymnasium, homecoming(校友聚会), dormitory, teaching building，do research for ,professor, semester, work as ones teaching assistant, assistance, assist, trouble a professor, may I ask you a few questions, I have a class at ten, come in ones office hours, finish reading ones research report, revise some parts of it, get it published, read some papers he recommended, correct all the typing errors in a paper, read it through again, check the paper for typing errors等。

　　b, 图书馆管理员与学生

　　常见词与短语:

　　library, book for reading assignment, magazine, periodical, fiction, reading room, library card, library catalogue(图书馆的图书目录), loan desk(借书处), journal, reference book, stacks(书库), shelves, renew, due(到期的), overdue(过期的),close, open, weekend, weekday, check out, volume two , check for sb., borrow, one the upper shelf, a book hard to identify/ is missing, has been misplaced 等。

　　c, 营业员与顾客

　　常见词与短语:

　　on sale, bargain, price, out of style(老式), fashion, ready-made(成衣), cloth pattern(花纹，图案),tip, cash or charge(付现金还是记账),department store, cashier, supermarket, daily necessities, check-out stand(付款柜台), receipt, shop assistant, salesman, clerk等。

　　d，饭店与顾客

　　常见词与短语:

　　seasoning(调味品), menu, wine, drink, food, snack, banquet-tray(餐盘), paper napkin(纸餐巾), go Dutch(各自付账)，receptionist, service counter, a single room, a double room, customer, manager, boss, well-done(全熟的), underdone(半熟的)等。

　　e，医生与病人

　　常见词与短语:

　　hospital, doctor, nurse, patient, operation, ward, physician, medicine, surgery, hospital registers office(挂号处), outpatient department(门诊部), emergency department(急诊部), to suffer from, to give an infection, to give first-aid treatment(急诊)等。

　　地点与方向

　　a，Hospital

　　常见词与短语:

　　blood pressure, cough, fever, a headache, pills, tablets, take ones temperature, take medicine, patient, doctor, nurse, dentist, a physical examination, physician等。

　　b，Bank

　　常见词与短语:

　　account, bank clerk, current account, check, service charge, cash the cheque, saving/check account等。

　　c，Hotel

　　常见词与短语:

　　hotel, motel, a single/double room, a suite, book a room, check in/out, register, fill in a room, make a reservation, lobby, Room Service, reception, front desk, porter, tip等。?

　　d, Railway statio

　　常见词与短语:

　　train, platform, passenger, check in/out, catch a train, miss a train, fail to catch a train等。?

　　e, Bus station/sto

　　常见词与短语:

　　conductor, passenger, fare, next stop, the terminal station等。

　　f，Airport or on plane

　　常见词与短语:

　　airliner, airlines, land, take off, flight, on board, boarding card, departure, arrival, destination, cancel a flight, delay, check in, luggage, fasten the safe belt, crew 等。

　　g, Library

　　常见词与短语:

　　librarian, assistant, call number, book, due, overdue, return, renew, borrow, lend, latest issue, card, catalogue, fine, fiction, novel, magazine, bookshelf等。

　　h, Movie/Theatre

　　常见词与短语:

　　film, movie, play, show, drama, row, seat, be on , performance, program, Shakespeare, Oscar, ticket, check in, The Twelfth Night等。

　　i，Store

　　常见词与短语:

　　department store, the grocers, drug store, shop, go shopping, market, on sale, sell well, size ,type, fashion, style, color, cost, price, counter, brand, cash, check, assistant, May I help you? What can I do for you? How much does it cost? Here you are. pay, buy, purchase, change, US dollars, Hong Kong dollars, pounds, shelling, penny等。

　　j，School/University

　　常见词与短语:

　　campus, department, dean, college, professor, teacher, student, tutor, lecturer, headmaster, principal, lecture, academic report, textbook, semester, examination, test, lab， required course, elective course, gymnasium, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, graduate, post graduate, grade, bachelors degree, masters degree, doctors degree等。

　　k，Restaurant

　　常见词与短语:

　　make a reservation, order, soft drink, wine, beer, brandy, whisky, dessert, salad, soup, bread, rice, noodle, potato, tomato, beef, meat, pork, chicken, mutton, pie, roast, fry, steam, a dish, main food, menu, Help yourself, Im full. cook, delicious, taste, smell, waiter, waitress, pay the bill, cash, go Dutch等。?

　　l，Post office

　　常见词与短语:

　　post, mail, postage, stamp, envelope, parcel, air-mail, EMS, registered mail, transfer, postcard, telegram, fax, cable等。

　　m, Customs house

　　常见词与短语:

　　declare, clear/clearance, tariff, pay duty on, duty free, fill in the form, article, passenger, smuggling/smuggle, drugs, illegal, legal等。

　　n, Meeting

　　常见词与短语:

　　deliver a speech, preside, host, chairman/chairperson, conclude, propose, suggest, for, against, agree, disagree, reinforce, argue, debate, dispute, solution, decide/decision等。

　　o, Dance party

　　常见词与短语:

　　gather, together, DJ, disco, have a ball, dance with, music, band, dancer, singer, May I have the pleasure of next dance?等。

　　p, Gas station

　　常见词与短语:

　　pull in/out, petrol, gasoline, fill in the tank, litre等

　　q, At home

　　常见词与短语:

　　housework, go to bed, retire to bed, housewife, sitting room, bedroom, washing room, do cooking, gardening, take a rest, in the garden等。

　　r, Court

　　常见词与短语:

　　your honor, jury, judge, justice, case, counselor, recess, lawyer, witness, victim, proof, identity, suspicion, to be executed sentence, imprisonment, execution, laws, legal, illegal, defendant, complainant等。