【人教大纲版】2024届高考英语一轮复习精品学案：SBⅠUnits 15-16
SBⅠUnits 15-16
语法精讲
——被动语态
（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。如：happen, take place, come about, occur, break out, disappear, arrive, rise, lie, come into being, come true, run out, give out (筋疲力尽), hurt (疼痛)等。
Great changes have taken place in the city.
这座城市发生了巨大的变化。
（2）所有的连系动词不能用于被动语态。如：be, become, get, turn, fall, appear, seem, grow, prove, look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等。
The soup tastes delicious.
汤味道很好。
The method proves practical.
这个办法证明是可行的。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。
The house belongs to her.
这栋房子是她的。
（4）表示“依然”的动词。如：remain, stay, lie, stand等。
He remains single.
他依然是单身。
The table feels smooth.
这张桌子摸起来很光滑。
（1）当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容词时。
The news sounds exciting.
这消息听起来振奋人心。
注意：当feel, see, smell, taste, hear等感官动词作行为动词时，有被动形式。
They are tasting the soup.他们正在喝汤。
→ The soup is being tasted (by them).
（2）当及物动词cut, read, sell, wear, lock, open, close, write, burn, cook, wash等作不及物动词用，而且其后还有副词如well, easily, hardly, nicely, smoothly等修饰时。
These apples cook well. 这些苹果适于烹煮。
This metal cuts easily. 这种金属容易切割。
The match lights easily. 这火柴容易划着。
The door won’t lock. 门锁不上。
（3）want, require, need, deserve, (not) bear后面的动名词用主动表示被动。
The machine needs repairing.
机器需要修了。
His language won’t bear repeating.
他的话不堪重述。
（4）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
The film is well worth seeing.
这部影片很值得一看。
（5）在“be+形容词+to do”结构中，不定式作形容词的状语，句子的主语在逻辑上是不定式的宾语时。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
这种水不适合饮用。
The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
这女孩很难相处。
（6）少数几个动词作表语或定语时，如：blame（责备），let（出租），seek (寻找)。
He was to blame for the accident.
他因事故要受到责备。
There are many houses to let.
有很多房子有待出租。
（7）当不定式作定语，句子的主语是它的逻辑主语时，不定式用主动表被动，反之用被动。
I have a lot of articles to type.（自己打字）
我有很多文章要打印。
I have a lot of articles to be typed. (别人打字)
我得去打印很多文章。
（8）在介词beyond, in need of 后用动名词的主动表被动。
His work is beyond praising.
他的工作叫人赞不绝口。
The teaching method is in need of improving.
教学方法需要改进。
在英语中，有少量的及物动词常用其被动形式表示主动意思。如seat, dress, station(驻扎)等。
— Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me?
— No problem.
——坐在教室后面的能听得见吗？
——没问题。
() 1. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ______ before leaving their hometowns. (2010·福建卷)
A. promised
B. were promised
C. have promised
D. have been promised
D
考查时态与语态。每年都有大批农民到深圳打工赚钱，在离开家乡之间他们已被承诺可以获得这些工作机会。本句中含有定语从句，修饰jobs。promise sb. sth. 答应某人某事，此处应用被动语态，并且动作发生在主句中的动作发生之前，应选D项。
() 2. This coastal area ______ a national wildlife reserve last year.(2010·湖南卷)
A. was named
B. named
C. is named
D. names
A
根据主语“This coastal area”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的last year判断用一般过去时，故选A项。
() 3. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)
A. is made
B. would make
C. was to be made
D. had made
C
句意：澳大利亚金子的发现导致成千上万人相信就要发财了。be to 将要，就要。make a fortune 发财，此处用的是被动。
() 4. You've failed to do what you ______ to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you. (2010·四川卷)
A. will expect
B. will be expected
C. expected
D. were expected
D
考查语态。由语意“你没有达到期望”可知，定语从句中用一般过去时；从句中的主语you是动词expect的承受者，故谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态。() 5. — Why don't we choose that road to save time?
— The bridge to it ______.(2009·四川卷)
A. has repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. will be repaired
C
考查时态和语态。根据语境可知不走另一条路的原因是因为桥正在被修，所以用现在进行时的被动形式。
书面表达：应用文写作技巧（五）欢迎辞【要点概述】
欢迎辞是在现代社会生活的交际活动中，在特定的场合对于客人的到来表示热烈欢迎时所使用的一种专用文书。
1. 欢迎辞一般分为三个部分：称呼语，正文，结束语。最常用的称呼语是 Ladies and gentlemen，如果在场的有比较重要的客人，也可专门给予称呼，如:Mr President, ladies and gentlemen。在学校中对同学的称呼，可用Boys and girls。如果有教师在场，可以说Mr Li, boys and girls等等。
2.正文是致词的主体，是欢迎辞的核心部分。一种情况是欢迎某（几个）人的到来，然后简要介绍到访者的身份、经历和成就，最后邀请他（们）或她（们）发言。另一种情况是在某团体组织的新成立开张仪式上，如果是团体组织，则要介绍这一组织的特点，还可简要说明一下活动安排等。
3.从语言特征上看，英语致词的用词要大方得体，文辞高雅而庄重，热情礼貌而不失分寸，既口语化而又用语规范。
4.常用客套话：
Dear friends,/ Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school…
First of all, let’s extend our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guest(s)…
Thank you.
【体验高考】
史密斯先生是从加拿大新来的外籍教师，即将教你们班英语，为了欢迎他的到来，请你在班上用英语作个欢迎辞。
内容要点：
1.代表老师和全班同学热烈欢迎史密斯教授的到来。
2.简单介绍史密斯先生及其丰富的教学经验。
3.邀请史密斯先生发言。(120词左右)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
一、要求：
时态：欢迎辞用一般现在时。
二、要点提示：
1.欢迎辞基本格式，包括开头、正文和结尾。
2.以上要点不能遗漏。
One possible version：
Ladies and gentlemen， / Boys and girls,
We feel greatly honored today to be here with Professor Smith from Canada. Now allow me on behalf of all the teachers and students of our class to extend our warm welcome and sincere greetings to our distinguished guest who has come from so far away to help us with our English studies.
Professor Smith is an experienced language expert who has devoted himself to the teaching of English for the past 20 years. It’s certainly our class’s honor to have Professor Smith as our English teacher for the next year.
Now let us invite Professor Smith to address us.
【强化演练】
你们学校新成立了英语俱乐部，作为组织者的你将在开张典礼上作欢迎辞。介绍英语俱乐部成立的重要意义及其主要作用，并希望大家通过俱乐部加强英语交流，以提高英语口语。(词数：100左右)
参考词汇：代表
on behalf of；参加者 participant；衷心的 heartfelt
________________________________________________________________________
一、提示：
1．时态：一般现在时
2．格式：欢迎辞的开头称呼语、正文、结束语都要包含。二、要点提示：
1. 欢迎参加者的到来；
2. 介绍英语俱乐部成立的重要意义和作用；
3. 邀请大家积极参加。
One possible version:
Ladies and gentlemen，
First of all, please allow me to express the most heartfelt welcome to all of you on behalf of our English Club. We have been looking forward to seeing you for long. It is a wonderful day today.Now I would like to introduce my club to you. Our club, organizing various activities regularly and meeting the needs of participants, is well-known among many English learners. If you want to meet native English speakers, please join us. If you want to speak English not only accurately but also fluently, please join us. If you want to discover the most attractive aspects in English, please join us. I do hope that you will enjoy your journey of English study with us.
Thank you!
SBⅠUnits 15-16
语法精讲
——被动语态
（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。如：happen, take place, come about, occur, break out, disappear, arrive, rise, lie, come into being, come true, run out, give out (筋疲力尽), hurt (疼痛)等。
Great changes have taken place in the city.
这座城市发生了巨大的变化。
（2）所有的连系动词不能用于被动语态。如：be, become, get, turn, fall, appear, seem, grow, prove, look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等。
The soup tastes delicious.
汤味道很好。
The method proves practical.
这个办法证明是可行的。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。
The house belongs to her.
这栋房子是她的。
（4）表示“依然”的动词。如：remain, stay, lie, stand等。
He remains single.
他依然是单身。
The table feels smooth.
这张桌子摸起来很光滑。
（1）当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容词时。
The news sounds exciting.
这消息听起来振奋人心。
注意：当feel, see, smell, taste, hear等感官动词作行为动词时，有被动形式。
They are tasting the soup.他们正在喝汤。
→ The soup is being tasted (by them).
（2）当及物动词cut, read, sell, wear, lock, open, close, write, burn, cook, wash等作不及物动词用，而且其后还有副词如well, easily, hardly, nicely, smoothly等修饰时。
These apples cook well. 这些苹果适于烹煮。
This metal cuts easily. 这种金属容易切割。
The match lights easily. 这火柴容易划着。
The door won’t lock. 门锁不上。
（3）want, require, need, deserve, (not) bear后面的动名词用主动表示被动。
The machine needs repairing.
机器需要修了。
His language won’t bear repeating.
他的话不堪重述。
（4）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
The film is well worth seeing.
这部影片很值得一看。
（5）在“be+形容词+to do”结构中，不定式作形容词的状语，句子的主语在逻辑上是不定式的宾语时。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
这种水不适合饮用。
The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
这女孩很难相处。
（6）少数几个动词作表语或定语时，如：blame（责备），let（出租），seek (寻找)。
He was to blame for the accident.
他因事故要受到责备。
There are many houses to let.
有很多房子有待出租。
（7）当不定式作定语，句子的主语是它的逻辑主语时，不定式用主动表被动，反之用被动。
I have a lot of articles to type.（自己打字）
我有很多文章要打印。
I have a lot of articles to be typed. (别人打字)
我得去打印很多文章。
（8）在介词beyond, in need of 后用动名词的主动表被动。
His work is beyond praising.
他的工作叫人赞不绝口。
The teaching method is in need of improving.
教学方法需要改进。
在英语中，有少量的及物动词常用其被动形式表示主动意思。如seat, dress, station(驻扎)等。
— Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me?
— No problem.
——坐在教室后面的能听得见吗？
——没问题。
() 1. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ______ before leaving their hometowns. (2010·福建卷)
A. promised
B. were promised
C. have promised
D. have been promised
D
考查时态与语态。每年都有大批农民到深圳打工赚钱，在离开家乡之间他们已被承诺可以获得这些工作机会。本句中含有定语从句，修饰jobs。promise sb. sth. 答应某人某事，此处应用被动语态，并且动作发生在主句中的动作发生之前，应选D项。
() 2. This coastal area ______ a national wildlife reserve last year.(2010·湖南卷)
A. was named
B. named
C. is named
D. names
A
根据主语“This coastal area”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的last year判断用一般过去时，故选A项。
() 3. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)
A. is made
B. would make
C. was to be made
D. had made
C
句意：澳大利亚金子的发现导致成千上万人相信就要发财了。be to 将要，就要。make a fortune 发财，此处用的是被动。
() 4. You've failed to do what you ______ to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you. (2010·四川卷)
A. will expect
B. will be expected
C. expected
D. were expected
D
考查语态。由语意“你没有达到期望”可知，定语从句中用一般过去时；从句中的主语you是动词expect的承受者，故谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态。() 5. — Why don't we choose that road to save time?
— The bridge to it ______.(2009·四川卷)
A. has repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. will be repaired
C
考查时态和语态。根据语境可知不走另一条路的原因是因为桥正在被修，所以用现在进行时的被动形式。
书面表达：应用文写作技巧（五）欢迎辞【要点概述】
欢迎辞是在现代社会生活的交际活动中，在特定的场合对于客人的到来表示热烈欢迎时所使用的一种专用文书。
1. 欢迎辞一般分为三个部分：称呼语，正文，结束语。最常用的称呼语是 Ladies and gentlemen，如果在场的有比较重要的客人，也可专门给予称呼，如:Mr President, ladies and gentlemen。在学校中对同学的称呼，可用Boys and girls。如果有教师在场，可以说Mr Li, boys and girls等等。
2.正文是致词的主体，是欢迎辞的核心部分。一种情况是欢迎某（几个）人的到来，然后简要介绍到访者的身份、经历和成就，最后邀请他（们）或她（们）发言。另一种情况是在某团体组织的新成立开张仪式上，如果是团体组织，则要介绍这一组织的特点，还可简要说明一下活动安排等。
3.从语言特征上看，英语致词的用词要大方得体，文辞高雅而庄重，热情礼貌而不失分寸，既口语化而又用语规范。
4.常用客套话：
Dear friends,/ Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school…
First of all, let’s extend our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guest(s)…
Thank you.
【体验高考】
史密斯先生是从加拿大新来的外籍教师，即将教你们班英语，为了欢迎他的到来，请你在班上用英语作个欢迎辞。
内容要点：
1.代表老师和全班同学热烈欢迎史密斯教授的到来。
2.简单介绍史密斯先生及其丰富的教学经验。
3.邀请史密斯先生发言。(120词左右)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
一、要求：
时态：欢迎辞用一般现在时。
二、要点提示：
1.欢迎辞基本格式，包括开头、正文和结尾。
2.以上要点不能遗漏。
One possible version：
Ladies and gentlemen， / Boys and girls,
We feel greatly honored today to be here with Professor Smith from Canada. Now allow me on behalf of all the teachers and students of our class to extend our warm welcome and sincere greetings to our distinguished guest who has come from so far away to help us with our English studies.
Professor Smith is an experienced language expert who has devoted himself to the teaching of English for the past 20 years. It’s certainly our class’s honor to have Professor Smith as our English teacher for the next year.
Now let us invite Professor Smith to address us.
【强化演练】
你们学校新成立了英语俱乐部，作为组织者的你将在开张典礼上作欢迎辞。介绍英语俱乐部成立的重要意义及其主要作用，并希望大家通过俱乐部加强英语交流，以提高英语口语。(词数：100左右)
参考词汇：代表
on behalf of；参加者 participant；衷心的 heartfelt
________________________________________________________________________
一、提示：
1．时态：一般现在时
2．格式：欢迎辞的开头称呼语、正文、结束语都要包含。二、要点提示：
1. 欢迎参加者的到来；
2. 介绍英语俱乐部成立的重要意义和作用；
3. 邀请大家积极参加。
One possible version:
Ladies and gentlemen，
First of all, please allow me to express the most heartfelt welcome to all of you on behalf of our English Club. We have been looking forward to seeing you for long. It is a wonderful day today.Now I would like to introduce my club to you. Our club, organizing various activities regularly and meeting the needs of participants, is well-known among many English learners. If you want to meet native English speakers, please join us. If you want to speak English not only accurately but also fluently, please join us. If you want to discover the most attractive aspects in English, please join us. I do hope that you will enjoy your journey of English study with us.
Thank you!
