五年高考(2011-2024)英语试题分项精解:专题13 特殊句式(解析版)

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五年高考(2011-2024)英语试题分项精解:专题13 特殊句式(解析版)

  1.【2024·湖南】31.Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.

  A. to keep

  B. to have kept

  C.keep

  D.have kept

  【答案】C

   

  【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子,而that引导的是宾语从句,因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意:永远记住,你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。

  【考点定位】考查祈使句。

  【名师点睛】

  【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等.祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类.祈使句用于两个重要句型中;1.“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件.2.“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则;句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断,可以看出是考查祈使句。

  2.【2024·天津】3. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.

  A. she realized

  B. has she realized

  C. she has realized

  D. did she realize

  【答案】D

  【考点定位】考查倒装

  【名师点睛】本题考查only放在句首的部分倒装。在句首的only如果后面跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语,则主句用倒装结构。但如果only后跟的是主语,就不用倒装结构了。本题考生还需要注意判定时态,答案就不难选出。

  3.【2024·湖南】23.Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.

  A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered

  【答案】B

  【解析】

  试题分析:副词only置于句首, 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时, 主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句, 该状语从句不倒装, 只对主句进行倒装。此题中only作为副词放在句首修饰时间状语after talking to two student,所以主句要进行部分倒装。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。句意:在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。故选B

  【考点定位】考查only置于句首的部分倒装。

  【名师点睛】本题旨在考查学生是否知道only置于句首主句的句子要进行部分倒装以及部分倒装的定义。副词only置于句首, 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时, 主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句, 该状语从句不倒装, 只对主句进行倒装,但若位于句首的不是only+状语,而是 only+宾语等,则通常无需倒装。after talking to two students是一个状语,故对主语进行倒装。要求学生熟练掌握这个知识点。

  4.【2024·湖南】21.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

  A. which B. that C. where D. how

  【答案】B

  【考点定位】考查强调句。

  【名师点睛】本题旨在考查强调句,要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中,为了使自己的思想能被对方恰当的理解,必须加强语气,突出重要的内容,增加对比效果与感情色彩,这时就会用到强调。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构,It was/is…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点:拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性,则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。

  5.【2024·重庆】9.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recognized.

  A. while

  B. though

  C. that

  D. after

  【答案】C

  【考点定位】考查强调句。

  【名师点睛】 not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时,句子的主谓应部分倒装。由 not until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时,主句应部分倒装,从句语序不变。如:

  Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.

  直到 1998 年他才回到家乡注意:当 not until 引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时,句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句应为:

  It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.

  26. ______the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.

  A. Not do only

  B. Do not only

  C.Only not do

  D. Not only do

  【答案】D

  【解析】

  试题分析:考查倒装句。句意:护士们不仅要求涨工资而且要求减少劳动时间。此处后面的but also被省略,not only引导的句子置于句首时,需部分倒装。故选D。

  【知识拓展】

  not only.., but also...连接并列分句且置于句首时前倒后不倒,但连接并列主语时不倒装。

  Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn't done a very good repair job either.

  修车厂不仅对我超额收费,而且维修工作还很差。

  Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅帮助人们寻找工作。而且也将提供医疗给那些需要的人。答案’ll give you a wonderful surprise.

  if

  B. or

  C. and

  D. while

  【答案you +祈使句, 一般将来时的句子;如果前后相反,则用or表示否则的话。本句可以说成:If you give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. if如果;or 否则的话;and 和;while, 然而,当……的时候。

  【考点定位】考查特殊句式。

  4.【2024·四川卷】3. Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry?

  A. why                         B. who                  C. where               D. that

  【答案】D

  【解析】

  试题分析: A为什么;B谁;C哪儿;D那个。通过翻译可知本句话意思完整,不缺少成分,由此判断该句是强调句型,被强调部分是because引导的状语从句,故答案选D。句意:是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗?

  【知识拓展】强调句型的构成:it is / was +被强调部分+ that /who +其他,当被强调部分是人的时候that 、who均可使用,否则只能用that。判断强调句型的方法是去掉it is / was ……that /who后句子仍然成立。比如:It was in London that they met each other for the first time .

  【考点定位】考查特殊句式。

  5.【2024·福建卷】28. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely,

  , reaching 30C in summer.

  A. if not

  B. if ever

  C. if any

  D. if so

  【答案】B

  【解析】

  试题分析:夏天的温度很少达到30度。if not If ever很少if any如果真有的话;if so假如这样的话。所以选B。句意这里的气候非常好,夏天的温度很少达到30度。

  。29. It was the culture, rather than the language, ____made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad

  A. where

  B. why

  C. that

  D. what

  【答案】C

  【】1. 陈述句的强调句型It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。2. 一般疑问句的强调句型同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?4.not … until … 句型的强调句 句型为:It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分

  【考点定位】考查强调句。

  17. No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.

  A. had Mo Yan

  B. Mo Yan had

  C. has Mo Yan

  D. Mo Yan has

  【答案】A

  【解析】试题分析:考查倒装句型。no sooner…than…结构中的 no sooner置于句首时,其后引出部分倒装。如:No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain. 我们刚离开家就开始下雨了。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。该句型中一般主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。

  考查倒装句型

  23. We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.

  A. would stay

  B. has stayed

  C. stayed

  D. stay

  【答案】C

  【知识拓展】would rather的用法1)“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式(美国英语中多用had rather)。’d rather为would(或had)rather的缩写形式。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意,且无词性、时态的变化。该句式常用来表示选择的意愿,意为“宁可……;宁愿……;最好……”。例如:He'd rather work in the countryside. 他宁可到农村去工作。 If you'd rather be alone, we'll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着,那我们都离开这儿。 2)would rather与than连用,可构成另一个惯用句式,即:“would rather...than....”意为“宁可(愿)……(而)不要(愿)……;与其……不如……”。用以表达主语的意愿,强调经过选择后做其中一件事,而不愿做另一件事。例如: I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。 3)在使用“would rather...than...”句型时,应注意以下几点: ①than 后边也应接动词原形,但如该句型前后连接的两个动词相同,则than之后的那个动词可省去。例如: I'd rather know that now than afterwards. 我宁可现在就知道这件事,而不是以后。 ② would rather...than...也可改写成 “would...rather than...”,其用法及含义仍不变。例如: Facing the enemies, our soldiers would die rather than surrender. 面对敌人,我们的战士宁死不屈。 ③. 有时为了表示语气上的强调,可将rather than置于句首。例如: Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends. 我宁可向朋友借钱,也不愿拒绝帮助你。 ④. would rather后也可跟从句,表示主语宁愿让某人干某事。这时,从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事;用过去完成时表示已经做过的事或过去要做的事。例如: I'd rather she set out to do the work now. 我宁愿她现在就着手做这项工作。 I'd rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 我但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她。 I'd rather you hadn't told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。 ⑤would rather后还可接动词的完成式,表示主语要做某事,而结果却事与愿违。例如: I'd rather have left a note on her desk. 我本想留张字条在她书桌上的。(事实上没有留) 考查固定特殊句式。

  29. Only when you can find peace in your heart _____good relationships with others.

  A. will you keep

  B. you will keep

  C. you kept

  D. did you keep

  【答案】A

  【解析】

  试题分析:考查only修饰句子的状语(从句)位于句首时,句子主句要用部分倒装。为only+状语/状语从 句+ be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语。故正确。33. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do

  makes life

  happy.

  A. that

  B. which

  C. what

  D. who

  【答案】A

  【考点定位】考查强调句结构用法

  【知识拓展】

  1. 在强调主语时,that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。

    It is I who am a teacher.

  2. 在强调not …until 结构中由 until 短语(或从句)表示的时间状语时,要用固定的强调句型It is(was) not until ...that...。

  It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.

  3. 特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调,其强调结构是“被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?

  Where was it that you were born?

  2024年高考题

  2024·上海卷]39. Among the crises that face humans ______ the lack of natural resources.

  A. is B. are C. is there D. are there

  【答案】A

  考查倒装句的用法。

  2024·上海卷]37. ______ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.

  A. To look B. Looking C. Having looked D. Look

  【答案】D

  【解析】题干的意思是:“看照片,插图和标题,你可以猜出这个阅读是关于什么”。题干中的关键信息词是并列连词and,本句中and连接两个并列成分。and后面是一个句子,所以与之并列的就一定是句子,只有D选项是动词原形,可以构成祈使句。其他选项都只是非谓语动词,不可以直接构成句子。

  考查祈使句。2024·重庆卷] 27It was with the help of the local guide

  ________

  the mountain climber was rescued.

  A.who

  B.that

  C.when

  D.how

  【答案】B 

  【解析】由于被强调的是with the help of the local guide,而并非guide, 所以用that来连接。

  考查强调句。2024·课标全国卷Ⅱ] 10 It was only after he had read the papers

  ________

  Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.

  A.when

  B. that

  C. which

  D. what

  【答案】B 

  【解析】句意:只有在读了这些文件后,格罗斯先生才认识到他面临着的任务很难完成。此句是对only引导的时间状语从句的强调。省略了it was…that之后,句子结构完整。

  考查强调句型。2024·课标全国卷Ⅱ] 12Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent

  ________ properly in this hospital.

  A. can be the patients treated

  B. can the patients be treated

  C. the patients can be treated

  D.treated can be the patients

  【答案】B 

  考查倒装句。2024·天津卷]11 It was not until near the end of the letter ________

  she mentioned her own plan.

  A. that

  B. where

  C.why

  D.when

  【答案】A 

  【解析】根据固定句型it was not until … that… 直到……才,得出答案为that。句意:直到在信的结尾她才提到了她的计划。

  考查强调句型。2024·四川卷] 4Read this story,

  ________

  you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

  A. or

  B. and

  C. but

  D. so

  【答案】B 

  【解析】此处考查句型:祈使句+and+将来时态的简单句。句意:读了这个故事,你会发现,不是每样东西都可以用金钱来买。

  考查连词在特殊句型中的使用。2024·江西卷] 25Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ________to him again.

  A. I will speak

  B. will I speak

  C. do I speak

  D. I speak

  【答案】B 

  【解析】句意:只有他为他的粗鲁行为道歉时,我才会再跟他讲话。only+时间状语从句放在句首时,句子要部分倒装。when引导的从句用一般现在时表将来,主句应该用将来时。

  考查倒装。2024·辽宁卷] 26At no time ________ the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.

  A.they actually broke

  B.do they actually break

  C.did they actually break

  D.they had actually broken

  【答案】C 

  【解析】否定介词短语位于句首,用部分倒装。根据后面“it was unfair to punish them”中谓语是过去时,所以选C而不选B。