高考英语复习完形填空:考点解析6(课件)
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
3.根据语篇标志进行填充
语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位(句群、段落、篇章等)。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词,我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first, second, third, finally等;表示逻辑关系的有thus,therefore,so等;表示转折关系或变换话题的有however, but, by the way等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文关系很有帮助。 模块 3 │ 应试点睛
【典例】 Success is nothing more than a few simple disciplines practiced daily and ________ is nothing more than a few small errors repeated daily.
【解析】 根据句中and所表示的并列关系可知该空与success相对应,故该空填failure。
模块 3 │ 应试点睛
4.根据上下文语境进行填充
【典例】 Later, I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right ________was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?
【解析】 根据下文“How would I ever play the piano again?”可判断我所受伤的部位是用来弹钢琴的,由此判断该空填hand。 模块 3 │ 应试点睛
5.根据生活常识进行填充
【典例】 After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as ________as a sheet, and gave me a hug. Only then did the doctor begin to stitch(缝合) my head wound.
【解析】 根据后一句可知,我是因伤在医院需动手术;由生活常识可知,动手术前自然害怕,害怕的人自然会脸色苍白,而且生活中纸也常是白色的,由这些生活常识可判断该空填white。 模块 3 │ 应试点睛
6.根据文化背景进行填充
【典例】 After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church________.
【解析】 这句话的意思是“水灾后邓先生一贫如洗了”。as poor as a church mouse(一贫如洗),所以此处填mouse。 题型探究 模块 3 │ 题型探究 ? 探究点一 实词型填空
完形填空第二节在8个空之中考查实词运用常为1—3空,常见为动词、名词、形容词、副词和代词。一般来说,考查实词之处颇具情景性,即与语境有关,要求根据上下文逻辑的发展关系进行推断。因此,正确解答实词型,弄懂短文大意至关重要。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
正确解答实词型填空,一要注意判断词性,即根据句子的结构和功能,判断是用形容词还是副词;用动词还是名词等。如果修饰名词,前面多用形容词或偶用名词或名词所有格作定语;修饰动词或整个句子通常用副词;作谓语用动词;作主语或宾语通常用名词、代词;作系动词的表语通常用形容词而不用副词;作定语用形容词或相当于形容词的短语或分句。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
二要注意判断词形。即当确定所填的词是名词时,就要考虑是可数名词还是不可数名词,是单数名词还是复数名词。形容词要看是用原级,还是比较级、最高级。如果填的是动词,首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态、语气等;非谓语动词则要考虑是用现在分词、过去分词还是不定式形式,同时也要考虑时态和语态问题。代词则要考虑用主格还是宾格等。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 Well, it’s just a waste of time. Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on it that they cannot ________ on their study.
【解析】 该空在句中作谓语,且置于情态动词之后,由此判断该空填动词原形。根据语境可推断该空填focus或concentrate。focus/concentrate on意为“集中”。
【典例2】 When we look at it as a whole, we begin to have some ________, which even the best guide-books do not answer.
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【解析】 该空在句中作动词have的宾语且前面有形容词some的修饰,由此判断该空填名词的复数形式。根据空后的“do not answer”可推断该空填questions。
【典例3】 China is ________ than Japan in size.
【解析】 该空在句中作is的表语且后有介词than,表两者之间的比较,由此判断该空填形容词的比较级。根据常识我们知道,中国在面积上比日本大,故该空填larger。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例4】 And yes, if I see the blue flowers again, you can bet I’ll stop and transplant________ to my wildflower garden.
【解析】 该空在句中作动词transplant的宾语,应填名词或代词。如果填名词,根据语境则应填the blue flowers,但由于空中只能填一词,故用人称代词宾格them填空,代替the blue flowers。 模块 3 │ 题型探究 ? 探究点二 虚词型填空
完形填空第二节考查虚词为主。在8个空之中考查虚词运用的情况多至5—7空,主要考查介词、并列连词、it的虚指用法、冠词、从句引导词(即名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句的引导词)。答好虚词型试题要求考生具有较强的语境推理能力,扎实的语法基础知识,丰富的词汇及句型搭配和较强的英语语感。
具体地说,解答虚词型填空试题的常见技巧如下: 模块 3 │ 题型探究
1.如果该空在句中并列连接两个成分或句子,并列连接两个词或短语,则用并列连词。常考查的并列连词有:
(1)表转折、对比关系的并列连词:but, while, whereas;表让步转折意义的副词:nevertheless, however, though,anyway,anyhow,yet。
(2)表因果关系的并列连词:so, thus,for(因为);表示因果意义的副词:therefore。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
(3)表选择关系的并列连词:or(或者;否则), either…or;表选择意义的副词:otherwise。
(4)表并列关系的并列连词:and, both…and, not only…but also, as well as, neither…nor。
(5)表“就在这时”的并列连词:when。
【典例1】 In some places women are expected to earn money ________ men work at home and raise their children.
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【解析】 句意为:在一些地方,人们期望妇女挣钱而男士在家操持家务和抚养子女。前后两句之间是对比关系,故填while。
【典例2】 He found it increasingly difficult to read, ________ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
【解析】 因为前后句是因果关系,故填for表“因为”。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例3】 You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder,________you won’t pass the course.
【解析】 根据语境“你已有两场考试不及格,你最好开始加倍努力,否则你通不过这门学科的。”判断填or。
【典例4】 Stand over there ________ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.
模块 3 │ 题型探究
【解析】 句意为:站在那儿,你能更好地看到这幅油画。根据句型“祈使句+and+简单句”可判断填and。
【典例5】 I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ________I heard the steps.
【解析】 句意为:我刚走出浴室正忙于用浴巾擦干身子,就在这时我听到了脚步声。由此判断填when。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例6】 There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as________ as their knowledge.
【解析】 此处as well as连接两个并列名词短语作test的宾语。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
2.如果该空位于“形容词+ 单数可数名词”之前,考虑用冠词(a/an/the)或形容词性物主代词。此外,也要掌握一些有关冠词的固定搭配。
【典例1】 We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the Earth________ safe and healthy place where all animals and plants—including humans ourselves—can live.
【解析】 该空后形容词safe和healthy所修饰的place为单数可数名词,由此判断此空填冠词。由语境可知此处表泛指,故填a。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 The little girl pulled ________ left hand out of the pocket and took out some money.
【解析】 空后为“形容词+单数名词”结构,考虑用冠词或形容词性物主代词。根据句意此处应指小女孩的左手,故用her填空。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
3.如果该空位于“限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、数词)+形容词+ 名词”之前,或该空位于动词和名词或代词之间,则可考虑用介词。此外也要注意“系动词+形容词+介词+名词或代词”结构。
【典例1】 Another simple way to protect your heart at your age is to quit smoking and avoid breathing ________ second-hand smoke.
【解析】 该空位于动词和名词之间,可初步判断该空填介词。根据“quit smoking”和“avoid breathing ________ second-smoke”的并列关系可判断,此处指“避免吸入二手烟”,故填in。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 She first painted only to please herself, and then began to sell her works ________a little money.
【解析】 该空位于“a little money”之前,可初步判断填介词。根据语境可判断此处表示出售作品的目的是为了赚钱,故填for。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
4.如果该空引导的从句置于句首且整个从句在句中作主语,则考虑用主语从句的引导词;如果该空引导的从句置于系动词之后,则考虑用表语从句的引导词;如果该空引导的从句置于动词或介词之后,则考虑用宾语从句的引导词,其中考得较多的名词性从句的引导词是what, whatever, that, whether, where, why。
【典例1】
________ that team and that school must do is to admit that it lost.
【解析】 该空引导的从句在句中作主语,即可判断它引导一个主语从句。根据该空在从句中作do的宾语,故填what。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 I don’t quite understand ________ they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.
【解析】 该空引导的从句置于动词understand之后且作understand的宾语,故可判断它引导一个宾语从句。根据后一句的意思可推断我很不明白他们为什么如此着迷于该幼稚的游戏,故填why。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
5.如果该空引导的从句置于名词之后,则可考虑两种情况,一是引导同位语从句,常见的名词有fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等,同位语从句补充说明这些名词的内容;考查引导同位语从句较多的引导词是that, whether,这两个引导词在从句中均不作成分。二是引导定语从句,此时定语从句修饰或限制它前面的名词,常考查的是关系代词that, which, who, whom, as和关系副词when, where, why。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例1】 The news ________ we won the game is exciting.
【解析】 该空引导的从句置于名词news之后且具体说明news的内容,可判断该空引导同位语从句。由句意可推断填that。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination________ will decide his future of job.
【解析】 该空引导的从句置于名词examination之后并修饰examination,由此推断它引导的是一个定语从句。根据其在从句中作主语,且先行词指物,故填which或that。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
6.如果该空引导的从句位于句首或位于句末,且前后句之间没有并列连词,此时可考虑用引导状语从句的引导词,常考的引导词有:because, as, when, before, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, so/such…that等。
【典例1】 ________she had not lost her precious belongs, she could have lost something far more important—her life!
【解析】 该空引导从句置于句末,且两句之间无并列连词,可判断该空引导状语从句。根据句意可判断填if引导虚拟条件句。 模块 3 │ 题型探究
【典例2】 Anna Mary Robertson, better known as “Grandma Moses”, turned to painting ________she was too old to work on her farm.
【解析】 该空引导从句置于句末,再结合句意可判断它引导一个时间状语从句,故填when。 专题 四 │ 专题导读
说明文往往较直白,写作脉络清晰,又没有很多感情因素的掺入,所以就不会有过多的情感词汇,自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点,我们便可以跟着“作者”走,理清整篇文章的思路,从而顺利答题。 真题再现 专题 四 │ 真题再现
[2010·安徽改编]
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very few things are handwritten. All too often, people buy a pen based only on __1__ and wonder why they are not satisfied once they begin to use it. However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not __2__ if you keep the following in mind. 专题 四 │ 真题再现
First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be__3__ to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征)__4__ comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a larger hand and thicker fingers, you may __5__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can also influence comfort. A pen that is too __6__ can easily feel top-heavy and unstable. 专题 四 │ 真题再现
Then, the writing point of the pen should __7__ the ink to flow evenly(均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. This will make it possible for you to create a __8__ line of writing. The point should also be sensitive enough to prevent ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the __9__ may leave drops of inks, as you pick up and put it down again. 专题 四 │ 真题再现
__10__, the pen should make a thick,dark line. Fine-line pens may __11__ bad handwriting, but fine, delicate lines do not command __12__ next to printed text, as, for example, a signature on a printed letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority(权威). ()1.A.looksB.reasons
C.values
D.advantages ()2.A.convenient
B.practical
C.strange
D.difficult
专题 四 │ 真题再现
()3.A.heavy
B.easy
C.hard
D.safe
()4.A.talking
B.finding
C.determining
D.seeking
()5.A.prefer
B.recommend
C.prepare
D.demand
()6.A.thick
B.light
C.long
D.soft
()7.A.change
B.allow
C.reduce
D.press 专题 四 │ 真题再现
()8.A.thin
B.rough
C.black
D.smooth
()9.A.way
B.sight
C.flow
D.steam
()10.A.Meanwhile
B.Generally
C.Afterwards
D.Finally
()11.A.show up
B.differ from
C.break down
D.compensate for
()12.A.attention
B.support
C.respect
D.admission 专题 四 │ 真题再现
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者向我们介绍了什么形状的钢笔让我们使用起来感到舒服,笔尖的好坏对我们书写的影响以及线条的粗细和深浅所产生的影响。