高考英语复习完形填空：考点解析15行文逻辑推理
完形填空突破(九)
——行文逻辑推理题
完形填空中有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通,但由于文章是一个完整的统一体,词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系,因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示,对文章的情节进行逻辑推理,抓住含有关键信息的词语,理顺句子之间的关系,确定正确的答案。
1．运用词汇复现,轻松选择判断
复现有原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现等。完形填空题中,考生可以利用上下文的复现信息,确定正确的表达方式。
(1)原词复现
为了表达的需求,有时在上下文中同一概念会重复出现。考生可以借助于上下文中的这一信息选择答案。
(2)同义词、近义词、反义词复现
同义词、近义词和反义词复现是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表达方式,或解释性的语言使上下文语意得以连贯起来。做完形填空时,考生应注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。
(3)同源词复现
另外,考生还可借助复现的同源词来确定答案。
典例
The next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer (巫师),thanked her by granting (允准) her26
that anyone who climbed up her tree
27
not be able to come back down until she
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it.
When the children came back to steal her
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,she had them stuck on the tree.They had to beg her long
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she gave the tree permission to let
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go.Aunty Misery was free from the
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at last.
(2008·陕西)
28．A.permittedB．promisedC．answered D．declared
答案 A
解析 本题属于同源词复现类试题,根据上下文,下一段中出现了permission,即permit的名词形式,结合语境,应选A项。此处意为“没有她的允许不能下来”。
2．高屋建瓴,把握主旨
完形填空是考查综合运用英语知识能力的试题。它主要考查考生对上下文的理解和逻辑判断能力,而通常利用文章的首句,就能抓住文章的主旨文意并在主旨文意的引导下进行合乎逻辑的判断推理,从而正确推断出文章的隐匿信息。
典例
On the road of life,the help of strangers can
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our loads and lift our spirits.How much sweeter the
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will be when we make it a little smoother for others！(2008·重庆)
54．A.move
B．increaseC．lighten D．carry
55．A.worldB．journeyC．smileD．friendship
答案 54.C 55.B
解析 54.本句是对全文的概括。句意为：在人生的道路上,来自陌生人的帮助可以减轻我们的负担,振奋我们的精神。move移动；increase增加；lighten减轻；carry携带。
55．选文原文通过作者在公共汽车上亲眼目睹的一件事说明在人生旅程中给别人一点帮助能使世界更加美好。这一段点明了文章主题：假如我们都能为别人做一点善事,那么人生的旅程(journey)就会美好得多。1
We recently treated our now-adult son and his girlfriend to a seafood feast,near Cocoa Beach,Florida.Our server,a grandmotherly woman skilled in the art of 1 ,flew around the 2 juggling dishes and drinks while treating customers as individuals.She remembered their 3 tastes,likes and dislikes—all of which she’d learned after only the briefest 4 .
At the end of the meal,she presented the bill,and then went to 5
the growing crowd of other dinners.My husband 6 with a credit card,added her 7 ,and we were off.
“Mr. Goldsmith！” our waitress ran out of the dinning room waving a receipt at him,“Thank you.”
He looked at her as though he didn’t 8 .We’ve all seen that universal 9 of confusion—eyebrows drawn together and head cocked to one side.
“What did you give her？” I asked in a stage whisper,
10
if he had done something
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or made a calculation error.
“Wow,Dad,” our son said,
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like an awestruck 10-year-old.“I’ve never seen a waitress
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anyone out of the restaurant to say‘thank you’for the tip.”
“She gave us great service.I just thought she deserved a little more
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what I usually give.”
It wasn’t until later,when I accidentally heard our
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retelling the story of the
16
waitress,that I realized she had given my family something
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a “thank you”．She showed our son the importance of
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hard work and the rewarding sound of “thank you”．Her show of thanks helped a dad earn a bit more
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from a loving son.And it reminded me just why I
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this thoughtful,caring man.
1．A.painting B．smiling
C．cooking
D．serving
答案 D
解析 根据前面的server一词可知,这里指这个人有很好的服务艺术。
2．A.restaurant
B．beachC．corner
D．streets
答案 A
解析 讲述的是餐馆里面发生的事情,其他选项都不合语境。
3．A.common
B．specialC．considerable D．delicious
答案 B
解析 special特别的,此处表达的意思为她记得客人们的特殊口味等。其他选项不合题意。
4．A.arguments B．discussionsC．conversations D．debates
答案 C
解析 briefest conversations意思是“最简短的对话”,即她通过与客人之间最简短的对话,便知道了他们的特殊口味,他们喜欢什么,不喜欢什么。
5．A.attend toB．look forC．care for
D．find out
答案 A
解析 attend to照顾；接待,符合题意。
6．A.paid B．called
C．carried
D．pushed
答案 A
解析 paid with a credit card指用信用卡付账。
7．A.advice
B．suggestionsC．tip D．prize
答案 C
解析 tip指“小费”。即用信用卡付账后,又付她小费。
8．A.doubt B．enjoyC．happen
D．understand
答案 D
解析 根据下文内容可知,当作者的丈夫给了小费之后,服务员追出来说感谢的话,这是很不常见的事情,所以他们感到很奇怪,不了解为什么会这样。
9．A.feeling
B．look
C．attitudeD．tension
答案 B
解析 look指“表情”,即脸上露出的不理解的表情。
10．A.thinking
B．hopingC．wondering
D．expecting
答案 C
解析 作者感到疑惑,丈夫到底给了那个服务员什么东西,使得她跑出来向他表示感谢,是他做了什么不合常理的事情还是算错了账呢？所以C项符合题意。
11．A.unreasonableB．appropriateC．unfair
D．helpful
答案 A
解析 见上一题解析。
12．A.looking
B．soundingC．doing
D．imagining
答案 B
解析 这里是在说作者儿子的声音,因此用sounding like,即“听起来像……”。
13．A.help
B．keep
C．drive
D．follow
答案 D
解析 follow表示“跟随,追随”。句意为：我从来没有看到过有服务员追出饭店,向客人感谢给她小费。
14．A.except
B．below
C．above
D．within
答案 C
解析 above表示“超过”。句意为：她给了我们非常好的服务,所以我认为她应该得到比正常要多一点的报酬。
15．A.son
B．friend
C．colleague
D．parent
答案 A
解析 根据文章最后一段内容可知,作者的儿子从那位服务员身上学到了很多东西。而这些都是从儿子说的话里面感觉到的,因此,这里选son,即她的儿子在陈述当时的情景。16．A.excellent
B．skilledC．generous
D．grateful
答案 D
解析 grateful感激的,符合原文内容,即上文提到的那位对作者的丈夫表示感谢的女服务员。
17．A.rather than
B．more thanC．less than
D．no more than
答案 B
解析 句意为：那位服务员给我们家的不仅仅是简单的一句感谢,而是更多的东西。
18．A.devoting B．rememberingC．acknowledging D．ignoring
答案 C
解析 根据上下文内容可知,显然只有C项符合语境,即他们的儿子知道了承认辛勤劳动的重要性。
19．A.respect
B．sympathyC．thanks
D．satisfactory
答案 A
解析 孩子因为这件事而更加尊重自己的父亲了。
20．A.trained
B．refused
C．left D．married
答案 D
解析 结合文章内容及所提供的选项,可知选D项。2
(2009·天津)The first time I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school.He 1 me with a puzzle—all because he waved to me like someone does
2 seeing a close friend.A big, 3 smile accompanied his wave.For the next few days I tried to 4 his face to see if I knew him.I didn’t.Perhaps he had 5 me for someone else.By the time I contented myself with the
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that he and I were strangers,we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends.
Then one day the
7
was solved.As I
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the school he was standing in the middle of the road
9
his stop sign.I was in line behind four cars.
10
the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk,he lowered his sign and let the cars
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.To the first he waved and
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in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days.The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply.The second car got the same
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from the crossing guard,and the driver,a stiff-looking(表情刻板的) businessman,gave a brief,almost
14
wave back.Each following car of kids on their way to school
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more heartily.
Every morning I continued to watch the man with
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.So far I haven’t seen anyone
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to wave back.I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n)
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to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly.His
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warmed the start of my day.With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the
20
of the whole neighborhood.
1．A.hit
B．disappointedC．presented
D．bored
答案 C
解析 present sb.with sth.使某人经历某事；把……交给某人。此处指作者第一次遇见那位交警时他就像老朋友那样向“我”挥手,这使得作者感到迷惑不解。
2．A.on
B．fromC．during
D．about
答案 A
解析 on doing sth.一……就……。
3．A.false B．shyC．apologetic
D．bright
答案 D
解析 空格处的形容词应与big一致,bright灿烂的。句意为：他向我挥手,带着满脸灿烂的笑容。
4．A.research B．studyC．recognize
D．explore
答案 B
解析 study one’s face仔细端详某人的脸。study审视,端详,符合语境。research调查,研究；recognize认出；explore探索。
5．A.praised B．blamedC．mistaken
D．respected
答案 C
解析 mistake sb.for...把某人误认为……,符合上下文语境。praise表扬；blame责备；respect尊重。
6．A.conclusion B．descriptionC．evaluation
D．introduction
答案 A
解析 由上文内容可知,作者不认识他,因此,得出这一“结论”：他们仅是陌生人。that引导同位语从句,补充说明conclusion的内容。
7．A.argumentB．disagreementC．mystery D．task
答案 C
解析 陌生人之间竟能如此热情地打招呼,这一“谜团”有一天终于被解开了。ystery
神秘的事,谜团。
8．A.visited B．approachedC．passed
D．left
答案 B
解析 visit参观,访问,拜访；approach靠近,接近；pass经过；leave离开。由下文中的“...the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk,...”可知,作者是送孩子去学校,但是还未到学校。
9．A.drawing back B．putting onC．handing in
D．holding out
答案 D
解析 draw back退后；put on张贴；hand in上交；hold out伸出；举起。由下句中的lowered his sign可知应选held out。
10．A.Once
B．Before
C．Unless
D．While
答案 A
解析 once一旦；当……的时候。
11．A.in
B．through C．out
D．down
答案 B
解析 through此处为副词,意为“通过”。
12．A.criedB．cheeredC．smiled D．gestured
答案 C
解析 in just the same way he had done to me用他和我打招呼时完全相同的方法,由此可知,交警应该边挥手边微笑着向司机打招呼。
13．A.idea
B．replyC．noticeD．greeting
答案 D
解析 交警的这一做法是向司机打“招呼”。
