2024年高三高考复习必练教程：动词及动词短语（11）

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　　2．erupt vi.()爆发；突然发生→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发 4．appoint vt.appointment n．约定；任命 5．evaluate vt.evaluation n．评估

　　11．shoot vt.射中；射伤→shot n．射击；枪炮声 13．panic vi. & vt.惊慌 n．惊慌；恐慌→panicked(过去式/过去分词) 16．guarantee vt.保证；担保

　　1．appoint vt.appointment n．任命；约会 appoint sb. to＋职位任命某人担任某职位 appoint sb. as...任命某人为…… appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事 appoint a time/place for为……约定时间/地点 make an appointment约会；约定 keep/break an appointment守(失)约

　　[即学即练1](1)The president __________ a new director. 总经理任命了一位新主任。(2)We __________ him (______/______ ______) chairman. 我们选他担任主席。(3)The teacher __________ me ______ ______ the roll. 老师指派我点名。

　　(4)The time ___________ ______ the meeting was 10：30. 规定的开会时间是10点30分。(5)I’ve ______ ______ ________ ___________ ______ a client and may not come back for supper. 我和一个客户约了晚上见面，。

　　5．guarantee vt. n. 保证；保证书 guarantee sb. against/from... 保证某人免受损害、guarantee to do sth. 保证去做某事 guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人担保/保证某事 be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事 give sb. a guarantee that... 向某人担保…… (be) under guarantee 在保修期内

　　[即学即练5](1)We can‘t _________ the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather. 我们不能保证火车在雾天准时到达。(2)We _________ ______ ______ within a week. 我们保证一周内送到。(3)I _________ ______ I’ll pay off the debt. 我保证我会还清债务。

　　(4)The watch comes ______ ______ ________ __________. 这表保修一年。(5)Wealth is ______ __________ ______ happiness. 财富并不是幸福的保证。

　　6．burn...to the ground burn down 把……烧成平地，，burn up 烧起来，，burn off 烧掉某物 burn out 烧光，burn away 逐渐烧完；烧光，burn...to death 烧死

　　[即学即练6](1)The house was ______ ______ ______ ______.那所房子被彻底焚毁了。(2)This exercise helps you to ______ ______ fat and tone muscles.这项锻炼有助于消耗脂肪，。(3)Half the candle had ______ ______. 那根蜡烛烧掉了一半。

　　7．vary from...to... vary in 在某方面不同 vary from 不同于 vary with 随……变化 vary one‘s life 使生活丰富多彩 a variety of 不同种类的

　　[即学即练7](1)People vary very much ______ their ideas.人们在观念方面大不相同。(2)They never vary ______ the law of nature. 他们从不违反自然规律。(3)The color of the leaves varies ______ weather. 叶子的颜色随着天气而变化。(4)These apples vary ______ size ______ small ______ medium.这些苹果由小到中等大小不等。

　　8．make one‘s way feel one’s way 摸索着前行 fight/push one‘s way 推挤着前行 wind one’s way 蜿蜒向前 force one‘s way out 挤出去；冲出去 push one’s way in 挤进去 lose one‘s way 迷路 inch one’s way 缓慢前进 pick one‘s way 谨慎前进 find one’s way 找到出路 weave one‘s way 穿梭前进

　　[即学即练8](1)We ______ ______ ______ down the hill towards the town.我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进。(2)Gradually, Henderson began to ______ ______ ______ in politics.亨德森逐渐在政界有所建树。(3)We ______ ______ ______ in the forest. 我们在森林里迷了路。

　　fit/suit/match (1)fit多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合适。(2)suit指衣服等颜色、、。、、、、、。(3)match意为“使相称，，，、、。

　　[1]　(1)Her clothes don’t ________ her age. 她的服装和年龄不相配。(2)The seven o’clock train will ______ us well. 七点钟那一班火车对我们很合适。(3)I tried the dress on but it didn’t ______. It was too small.我试穿了那件连衣裙，。。(4)Does this skirt ______ me? 这条裙子我穿着好看吗？

　　Match//suit//fit//suit

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　　6．adapt vt.adaptation n．适应；改编 8．annoy vt.annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoyance n．烦恼 12．resign vi. & vt.(工作、) 13．congratulate vt.congratulation n．祝贺 1．adapt vt. adaptable adj. 适应性强的；可改编的 adaptation n. 适应；改编 adapt oneself to... 使自己适应于……(to为介词) adapt to...适应于…… adapt sth. for... 把某物改编为…… adapt sth. from... 根据……改编某物

　　[即学即练1](1)This novel has been ______ ______ radio ______ the Russian original. 这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。(2)Our eyes slowly ______ ______ the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗(的环境)。

　　(3)She ______________ herself quickly ______ the new climate. 她很快适应了这种新的气候。

　　辨析：adapt/adjust/fit/suit/match (1)adapt 指“经过修改或改变以后适应新的条件”。 (2)adjust 指“调整，调节，使之适应”。 (3)fit 指“大小合适”，引申为“吻合”。 (4)suit 指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”。 (5)match 指“大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称”。

　　2．annoy vt. annoyance n. 烦恼，烦恼的事物 annoyed adj. 颇为生气的，烦恼的 annoying adj. 使人颇为生气或烦恼的 annoy sb. with sth./by doing sth. 因(做)某事使某人烦恼 be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 for/at/about sth./sb. 因某事/某人而生气 that/to do sth. 做某事而生气

　　[即学即练2](1)She ______ ___________ ______ your saying that.你说了那些话，。(2)She ______ never ______________ ______ me. 她从不跟我生气。

　　(3)I hope you won‘t ______ ____________ ______ all my questions.我希望我所有的这些问题不会使你烦恼。(4)The mosquitoes _______________ me so much that I couldn’t sleep. 蚊子搅得我难以入睡。

　　3. conduct v．引导；指挥；进行；传导 n．conduct sb. around (＝show sb. around)带领某人参观 conduct sb. in/out/to the door 领某人进来/出来/到门口 conduct oneself (＝behave oneself)表现；举止

　　conduct state affairs 处理国事 conduct electricity 导电 conduct (＝ do/make/perform/carry out) an experiment 做实验 conduct a concert 指挥音乐会 a man of good conduct 品行端正的人 the rules of conduct 行为准则

　　[即学即练3](1)A guide ___________ the visitors _________ the museum.导游带领游客参观博物馆。(2)Copper _____________ ______________ better than other materials do. 铜的导电性能比其他材料好。

　　C(3)The concert on Wednesday evening will ______ ______ ______ a world－famous conductor. 星期三晚上的音乐会将由一位世界著名指挥家指挥。

　　(4)I asked the attendant to __________ him ______ the door/conduct him out. 我让服务员领他到门口/领他出去。(5)How did the prisoner _____________ ____________？那犯人表现如何？

　　Conduct to//conduct himself

　　4．resign v. (工作、职位等) resignation n. 放弃，辞职 resign from... 辞去……职务 resign oneself to... 使听从…… resign sb. to... 把某人交托给…… resign oneself to extinction 束手待毙

　　[即学即练4](1)She _______________ the committee. 她辞去了委员会的职务。(2)He ____________________ because he had been offered a better job. 他辞职了，。(3)The team refused to ______ themselves ______ defeat. 该队不甘失败。

　　5．congratulate vt. congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜 congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 congratulate oneself on sth. 感到自豪；暗自庆幸 congratulations to sb. on sth. 向某人祝贺某事 Congratulations! (口语)祝贺你！ offer sb. congratulations on... 向某人祝贺某事

　　[即学即练5](1)I want to _____________ you ______ all my heart ______ your passing the college entrance examination. 我衷心地祝贺你通过高考。(2)Well, ________________________ that you resisted the temptation. 嗨！庆幸你抵住了诱惑。

　　(3)___________________ you ______ winning the prize! 祝贺你获奖！

　　Congratulations to on

　　9．make fun of have fun (doing sth.) (在做某事中)获得乐趣 get fun out of doing sth. 通过做某事获得乐趣 for/in fun 闹着玩；开玩笑 be full of fun 很顽皮；很爱开玩笑 It‘s fun to do sth. 做某事很有趣。There’s (no) fun in/doing sth. 做某事(没)有趣。

　　[9](1)People __________________ her because she wears such a strange hat. 人们取笑她，。(2)It‘s wrong of the other children to __________________ you.其他孩子取笑你是错误的。(3)We _____________________________ at the party.我们在聚会中玩得很痛快。

　　(4)Children ________________________ dressing in old people’s clothes. 孩子们穿着大人的衣服嬉闹，。(5)The little dog‘s _________________. 那只小狗很顽皮。

　　1.annoy/bother/disturb/trouble (1)annoy强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。 (2)bother指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。

　　(3)disturb较正式用词，多用于被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。 (4)trouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。

　　[应用1]　(1)Pardon me for ____________ you with such a small matter. (2)It really ______________ me when people forgot to say thank you. (3)I am sorry to ____________ you, but can you tell me how to get to the station? (4)The accident ______________ all their plans.

　　Bothering//annoyed//trouble//disturbed

　　2. congratulate/celebrate 两者的中文意思很接近，但在英语中却有所不同。(1)congratulate意思是“祝贺、，，，on(upon)连接，congratulate sb. on(upon) sth.。(2)celebrate意思是举行仪式、，(节日、、)做宾语。celebrate sth.。

　　[2]　(1)We had a party to ______________ parents’ silver wedding.我们举行宴会庆祝父母的银婚纪念日。(2)We _______________ her on winning the contest. 我们祝贺她在比赛中获胜。(3)They will ___________ your birthday next week. 他们下周为你庆祝生日。

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　　3．alarm vt.n.警报；惊恐→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的 9．accompany vt.11．declare vt.declaration n．宣言；公告；布告；告示 12．state vt.

　　18．obey vt. & vi.

　　1．desire v.

　　n．欲望，希望，请求 desirable adj. 值得拥有的，可取的，有利的 have no desire for sth. 对……没有欲望 have a strong desire to do sth.迫切想做某事 do sth. at sb.’s desire应……的要求做某事

　　satisfy one‘s desires 满足某人的欲望/愿望 desire for sth. 渴望得到…… desire to do/sb. to do sth. 迫切希望做/某人做某事 desire＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形(虚拟语气) It is desirable that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形 ……是可取的。

　　[1](1)They _________________ to learn a second language.他们不想学另一种语言。(2)I __________________ to a famous university. 我很想上一所名牌大学。

　　(3)Most people ____________ a lot of knowledge. 大多数人渴求更多的知识。(4)The couple ____________ their son ____________ to a famous university.那对夫妻迫切地希望他们的儿子能上名牌大学。

　　(5)The group leader desired that we ____________ it right away.那个组长迫切希望我们现在就开始做那件事。

　　5．accompany vt. 陪伴；伴奏

　　accompany sth. with/by sth. 与……同时存在或发生 accompany sb. at/on sth. 用……给某人伴奏 accompany sb. to do sth. 陪某人去做某事 accompany sb. to... 陪某人到…… be accompanied by...由……伴奏

　　[即学即练5](1)Strong winds _____________________ heavy rain.狂风夹着暴雨。(2)Children under 14 must __________________ an adult.14岁以下的儿童必须有成人陪伴。 (3)I will _____________ Professor Li ___________ the station.。

　　6．declare v. 表明；声明；宣布；宣告；宣称

　　declare sth. 宣布某事 declare sb./sth. (to be)＋adj. 宣布某人/某物…… declare off 取消(约定等) declare for/against sb./sth.表示赞成/不赞成某人/某事 declare oneself 表明态度；发表意见

　　[即学即练6](1)I _________ this exhibition ______. 我宣布展览会开幕。(2)The doctor finally ____________ the man was dead. 医生最终宣布该男子死亡。(3)Police have now __________________ drug dealers in the area.警方已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了。

　　(4)Paredes decided to ____________ federation. 帕雷德斯决定声明支持联邦政府。

　　7．test out试验；测试；检查

　　turn out证明是；生产；出来 put out熄灭；出版 let out泄露；放出，set out着手，find out找出 try out试验 figure out合计，

　　[即学即练7](1)They ____________ the new sports car. 他们测试了那部新跑车。(2)I’d better have my eyes _______________.我该去检查视力了。(3)Drugs should be ___________ animals. 药品应先在动物身上做试验。

　　(4)Guess the meaning of the words in the two boxes, then ____________ a few more words that you can add to each box.猜两个方框中单词的意思，。(5)All this may ____________ to be impossible. 这一切也许会被证明是不可能的。

　　(6)He ____________ a cry of surprise. 他惊讶地叫了一声。(7)They had ____________ the fire before we arrived there.我们到达之前，。

　　8．turn around 转向；回转

　　turn away 走开，turn down 拒绝，(提议、、) turn sb. in 把某人交给警察，turn sth. in 上缴，

　　turn out 证明为；结果 turn into 使成为；使变成；翻译成 turn over 反复考虑，turn to 转向；求救于，turn up 找到，，

　　[即学即练8]　用适当的介、(1)Turn _____________ and let me look at your back. (2)We were more than halfway up the mountain, so we didn't want to turn ___________. (3)Please turn the television __________ a bit as our baby is sleeping.

　　around　//around//down

　　(4)Nobody can turn ______ the wheel of history. (5)The plan turned ______ to be a failure. (6)We often turn ______ this handbook for information on transistors. (7)Why did they suddenly turn you ______？ (8)As he had broken the rule of the factory, he was turned ______.

　　Back//out//to//down//away

　　(9)He promised to come, but hasn't turned ______.

　　9．leave...alone 不管；不要打扰；让……一个人单独待着

　　leave behind 留下；不带走；忘了带 leave for 动身去…… leave off 停止；结束 leave out 省略；忘掉；漏掉 leave...aside 搁置一边；不予考虑 leave it with me 把这事留给我吧 leave sth. for sb. 把某物递交给某人

　　[即学即练9](1)①Go away and __________________！走开，别打扰我！ I‘ve told you before—_______________________！我告诉过你——别碰我的东西！

　　提示：(1)leave/let sb./sth. alone＝let sb./sth. be 别管；不打扰；不碰；顺其自然。 (2)let alone 更不用说。如： There isn‘t enough room for us, let alone any guests. 连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人们了。

　　(2)用适当的介、I think we should leave ______ now and have a cup of tea. ②Can you tell me the time? I've left my watch ______. ③She left ______ an important detail in her account. ④Don't you think we'd leave ______ the concert now? ⑤A railway station is no place for a child to be left ______ at night.

　　Off//behind//out//for//alone

　　10．set aside 留出，拨出，把……置于一旁

　　lay aside 放在一边，put aside 积蓄，set off 出发，，set about 着手/开始做……(后接名词、) set out 出发，(后接不定式) set down 放下，set up 建立，，set...back 使推迟，set forth 出发，，，，