2024届高考英语一轮复习课时作业21：Unit 1《Great scientists》（人教版必修5湖北专用）
课时作业(二十一) [必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists]
[限时：30分钟]
Ⅰ.多项选择
1．The traffic slowed down because of the heavy snow in Yushu county, presenting a new ________ to the recovery from the earthquake.
A．suffering
B．disaster
C．challenge
D．damage
2．Helen devoted herself ________to her research and became a top scientist in the field of applied physics.
A．seriously
B．extremely
C．entirely
D．strictly
3．Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can ________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A．contribute to
B．relate to
C．attend to
D．devote to
4．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine，we must send for an engineer to________the problem.
A．handle
B．raise
C．face
D．present
5．We were all very much attracted by the beautiful scenery________we set foot in the village.
A．quickly
B．suddenly
C．finally
D．immediately
6．You should ________ the whole affair, but don't judge it only by your experience.
A．analyze
B．resemble
C．concentrate
D．substitute
7．________of being involved in the attempted murder, she was questioned by the police.
A．Convinced
B．Suspected
C．Charged
D．Confirmed
8．She always has so many things to________when she comes back to the school after a vacation.
A．add to
B．contribute to
C．attend to
D．appeal to
9．Mary thought highly of the painting，but to Mr Smith's ________ eye，the painting was terrible.
A．eager
B．extra
C．exact
D．expert
10．The workers will go on strike if the demands they ________ are turned down.
A．put aside
B．put through
C．put forward
D．put away
Ⅱ.完形填空
John and Mary had a nice home and two lovely children, a boy and a girl. John had a good __11__ and had just been asked to go on a business trip to another city and it was __12__ that Mary needed an outing and would go along too. They __13__ a reliable woman to care for the children and made the __14__， returning home a little earlier than they had planned.
__15__ they drove into their home town, they found a home in flames. Mary said, “Oh well, it isn't our fire; let's go home.”
__16__ John drove closer and exclaimed (惊叫), “That home belongs to Fred Jones who works at the plant. He wouldn't be __17__ work yet. Maybe there is something we could do.”
John drove up and they were both __18__ to see the whole house in flames. A woman on the lawn was in hysterics __19__， “The children! Get the children! They are in the basement.”
__20__ Mary's protests (反对), John grabbed the water hose and soaked (浸湿)his clothes, put his wet handkerchief on his head and __21__ for the basement which was full of __22__. He found two nearly suffocated (窒息的)children and after carrying them to safety, he asked how many more children were __23__ there. They told him two more and Mary __24__ his arm and screamed, “John! Don't go back! It's __25__！ That house will cave in any second！”
But he shook her off and went back by __26__ his way down the smokefilled hallway and into the room. It __27__ a long time before he found both children and started back and at last when they came out into the__28__ and fresh air, he found that he had just __29__ his own children.
It turned out that the babysitter had __30__ them at this home while she did some shopping.
11．A.job
B．family
C．wife
D．boss
12．A.known
B．believed
C．decided
D．hoped
13．A.asked
B．hired
C．intended
D．reminded
14．A.preparations
B．promise
C．decision
D．trip
15．A.Before
B．As
C．Once
D．Since
16．A.And
B．So
C．Now
D．But
17．A.off
B．on
C．out of
D．at
18．A.heartbroken
B．consciencestricken
C．horrorstricken
D．povertystricken
19．A.coughing
B．screaming
C．whispering
D．weeping
20．A.Apart from
B．In case of
C．Instead of
D．In spite of
21．A.reached
B．searched
C．dashed
D．sent
22．A.smoke
B．darkness
C．children
D．danger
23．A.up
B．away
C．out
D．down
24．A.pulled
B．took
C．grabbed
D．held
25．A.dangerous
B．useless
C．over
D．stupid
26．A.pushing
B．feeling
C．jumping
D．moving
27．A.meant
B．spared
C．spent
D．seemed
28．A.shade
B．sunlight
C．shadow
D．crowd
29．A.helped
B．found
C．recognized
D．rescued
30．A.left
B．charged
C．removed
D．forgotten
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Les Paul is one of the most influential people in modern popular music. He was a skillful guitarist who played an energetic mixture of jazz and country songs. He was also an inventor.
The electric guitar and recording devices he created changed the sound of popular music and greatly influenced rock and roll.
Les Paul is best known for creating one of the first solidbody electric guitars and the eighttrack recording device. He also perfected new recording methods to give special effects to his music.
Les Paul was born Lester William Polfuss (POLLfuss)in 1915 in Waukesha, (WAHkuhshaw)Wisconsin. By the age of nine, he had taught himself to play the harmonica and had built a radio. He also learned to play the guitar and banjo. He could not read music, but he could play music that he heard. And he had a good sense of musical structure.
Les Paul was soon performing in country bands in the Midwest. He left high school to perform full time on radio shows. He performed using the names “The Wizard of Waukesha”， “Hot Rod Red” and “Rhubarb Red”. He also started playing music influenced by great jazz guitarists including Django Reinhardt.
By 1937, he had formed the Les Paul trio. He moved to New York City the next year. Les Paul played with many famous performers including the popular singer Bing Crosby.
Around 1941, Les Paul invented his famous guitar. He wanted to make an instrument that could play a note longer than notes played on a traditional acoustic guitar. He developed a new kind of electric guitar that had a solid body. On an acoustic guitar, the strings vibrate and the hollow part of the instrument, or the sound box, also vibrates. Les Paul wanted an instrument in which only the strings vibrated.
In the 1970s, Les Paul made two records with the country guitarist Chet Atkins. One was called “Chester and Lester”. It won a Grammy Award in 1976. Starting in the early 1980s, Paul began playing in jazz clubs in New York City. He kept on performing weekly until a few months before his death.
31．Which of the following shows the right order of Les Paul's experience?
a. He moved to New York.
b. He had taught himself to play the harmonica.
c. He performed full time on radio shows.
d. He began playing in jazz clubs in New York City.
e. He invented his famous guitar.
A．abcde
B．bcade
C．bcdea
D．bcaed
32．According to the passage, the author develops the passage ________.
A．in order of time
B．in order of importance
C．by giving examples
D．by listing reasons
33．Which of the following best describes Les Paul?
A．He is a creative man.
B．He is a lazy man.
C．He is a naughty man.
D．He is a crazy man.
34．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．He influenced Django Reinhardt.
B．He had no good sense of musical structure.
C．He could play and read music when he was a child.
D．He made two records with Chet Atkins in the 1970s.
Ⅳ.完成句子
阅读下列各小题，根据每句后的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。
35．I disagree that only when people have enough to eat and plenty to wear____________________to talk about environmental protection.(make)
我不认为只有在人们解决温饱问题之后再谈论环境保护才有意义。
36．When I open the door, I find my father sitting in his chair, completely____________________a magazine.(absorb)
我推开门，看见父亲坐在椅子上，完全专注于一本杂志。
37．I feel it is you rather than the boy who ______________being late for the speech.(blame)
我觉得是你而不是那个男孩该为演讲迟到负责。
38．The man, ____________________the jewels of the shop, was missing last night, although he was watched over by the police.(suspect)
虽然在警察的看管下，那个被怀疑偷了商店珠宝的男人昨晚还是不见了。
39．—Oh, doctor, the wound on my leg is infected.
—You really shouldn't have left it__________________the air.(expose)
“医生，我腿上的伤口感染了。”
“你确实不应该让它暴露在空气中的。”
40．A cloud of dangerous virus floated around and found its victims and soon____________________died.(affect)
一股危险的病毒到处漂浮，找到了受害者，被感染的人很快就死去了。
41．I always have so many things____________________when I come into the office after a trip abroad.(attend)
每次出差回到办公室，我总是有一大堆事情要处理。
42．____________________ the Science Museum, remember to take a ride in the space gallery. It is really thrilling.(time)
下次你参观科技博物馆的时候，记得去乘坐一下太空舱，真是太令人兴奋了。
43．John Snow's suggestion after his careful investigations____________________was finally adopted.(examine)
在仔细调查之后，约翰·斯诺提出的水源必须要检查的建议最终被采用了。
44．When he set off on his adventure, he was not quite aware of all the challenges____________________.(face)
当他开始他的冒险旅程时，他并没有弄明白自己将会面临的所有挑战。
答案
课时作业(二十一)
Ⅰ.1.C 考查名词词义辨析。challenge“挑战”。句意：由于玉树县的大雪，交通减缓了，这对灾后重建是一个新的挑战。suffering痛苦，苦难； disaster灾难；damage损坏，破坏。
2．C 考查副词词义辨析。seriously严重地，危险地；extremely极端，极其，非常；entirely全部地，完全地；strictly严厉地，严格地。根据句意“海伦将全部精力投入到研究中，后来在应用物理学领域成了优秀科学家”可知本题选C。
3．A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：假期期间注意点！喝得过多会引起心脏病和高血压。根据句意可知所选的词词义相当于cause，故选A。contribute to有助于，促进，加剧；relate to涉及，与……有关；attend to照顾，护理，专心于；devote to献身于，专心于。
4．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为这儿没人知道机器出了什么故障，我们必须派人去请一个工程师来解决这个难题。handle处理，解决；raise提出；face正视；present介绍，呈现，呈递。由句意可知A项正确。
5．D 考查副词词义辨析。immediately除作副词“马上，立即”讲外，还可作连词，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as，引导时间状语从句。句意：我们一踏进这个村庄，就都被它美丽的景色所吸引。
6．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你应该分析整个事件，而不是根据经验作出判断。analyze 分析；resemble相似，类似，像；concentrate集中，聚集；substitute用……代替。
7．B 考查动词词义辨析。由下文的“她被警方带去询问”可以看出，是因为她被怀疑(suspect)卷入了那起谋杀未遂案。这里是过去分词作原因状语。convince说服；charge指控；confirm证实。
8．C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她每次过完假期返回学校时，总有很多事要处理。attend to处理。add to增加；contribute to起作用，导致；appeal to恳求，请求，吸引。
9．D 考查形容词词义辨析。玛丽高度赞扬这幅画，但以史密斯先生内行的眼光(expert eye)看，这幅画糟透了。
10．C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果工人们提出的要求被拒绝的话，他们会继续罢工。put forward提出(主意、计划等)，符合语意。put aside把……放在一边；put through接通电话；put away把……收起来。均不符合语意。
Ⅱ.本文主要讲述了玛丽和约翰出差在外，把两个孩子托付给保姆。回家时发现弗雷德·琼斯的房子着火了，而他在工厂上班，应该还未回家，于是他们过去帮忙。约翰不顾妻子的反对，冒着生命的危险到地下室救小孩，最后抱上来的两个小孩竟然是自己的孩子。
11．A 由下文可知他被派去出差，又与前文的好家庭相对，可知此处应该说的是好工作，故选A项。
12．C 并决定(decide)妻子也需要一起去。其余三空不合语境。
13．B 夫妻俩要离开，应该会雇用(hire)一个人照顾孩子。intend意欲，打算；remind使想起。
14．D 与前文的“had just been asked to go on a business trip”相呼应，可知他们应该因公外出了，故选D项。
15．B 当他们开车回家时，发现一幢房子着火了。as意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，故选B项。before在……之前；once一旦；since自从……以来，均不合语境。
