高考英语第二轮语法专题复习教案一:冠词

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高考英语第二轮语法专题复习教案一:冠词

  高考英语第二轮语法专题复习一

  冠词The Article

  知识要点:

  冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The definite Article)两种。a (an) 是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting

  book等。the是定冠词。

  一、不定冠词的用法

  1、指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.

  2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.

  A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。

  3、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:

  I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.

  4、用于某些固定词组中。如:

  a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。

  5、用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词,起具体化的作用。如:

  This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。

  It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。

  It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉。

  二、定冠词的用法:

  1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如:

  Beijing is the capital of China.

  The pen on the desk is mine.

  2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如:

  Where is the teacher?

  Open the window, please.

  3、指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。如:

  There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.

  The baby was thin.

  4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:

  the earth, the moon, the sun.

  5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。(副词最高级前的定冠词可省略)如:

  He is always the first to come to school.

  Bob is the tallest in his class.

  6、用在某些专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专用名词)。如:

  the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。

  7、用在一些习惯用语中。如:

  on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。

  8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如:

  the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas

  9、用在报刊、杂志前。如:

  the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。

  10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如:

  The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。

  11、用在形容词前,表某一类人。如:

  the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。

  12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如:

  The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).

  三、零冠词(即不用冠词):

  1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如:

  China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。

  2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如:

  Go down this street.

  3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如:

  We are students.

  I like reading stories.

  4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如:

  Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。

  Today is New Year’s Day.

  It is Sunday.

  March 8 is Women’s Day.

  5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前,尤其作表语、宾补时。如:

  What’s the matter, Granny?

  We elected him monitor.

  6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如:

  at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。

  7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如:

  She goes to school after breakfast every morning.

  We are going to play football.

  We usually have lunch at school.

  8、科目前不加。如:

  We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.

  【专项训练】:

  1、 We can’t live withoutair.

  A.an

  B.×

  C.the

  D.some

  2、——Have you seenpen? I left it here this morning.

  ——Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.

  A.a; the

  B.the; the

  C.the; a

  D.a; a

  3、I’ve been waiting for him forhour andhalf.

  A.×; ×

  B.the; a

  C.a; the

  D.an; a

  4、Whatfine weather we have today!

  A.a

  B.×

  C.some

  D.an

  5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one?

  A.a tree

  B.such tree

  C.an tree

  D.tree

  6、Children usually go toschool atage of six.

  A.×; the

  B.a; an

  C.the; ×

  D.the; the

  7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld.

  A.×; the;×

  B.The; the; the

  C.A; a; a

  D.×;×;×

  8、They each have__book. Li Hua’s is aboutwriter. Wang Lin’s is on science.

  A.a; a; ×

  B.the; ×; the

  C.×; the; ×

  D.a; the; a

  9、Physics isscience of matter and energy.

  A.The; ×

  B.×; ×

  C.×; the

  D.A; a

  10、sun rises ineast and sets inwest.

  A.A; an; a

  B.The;×;×

  C.The; the; the

  D.A; the; a

  11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.

  A.a;×

  B.the; an

  C.the; the

  D.×; the

  12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad

  temper.A.×;a

  B.A;×

  C.The; the

  D.A; a

  13、They were atdinner then. It wasdelicous one.

  A.a; the

  B.×;×

  C.×;a

  D.a; a

  14、what kind of car do you want to buy?

  A.×

  B.the

  C.a

  D.an

  15、Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.

  A.×; the

  B.×;×

  C.the; ×

  D.the; the

  16、Beyondstars, the astronaut saw nothing butspace.

  A.the; ×

  B.×; the

  C.×;×

  D.the; the

  17、Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876.

  A.×

  B.a

  C.the

  D.one

  18、——Where’s Jack?

  ——I think he’s still inbed, but he might just be inbathroom.

  A.×;×

  B.the; the

  C.the; ×

  D.×; the

  19、Many people are still inhabit of writing silly things inpublic places.

  A.the; the

  B.×;×

  C.the; ×

  D.×; the

  20、——I’d likeinformation about the management of your hotel, please.

  ——Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.

  A.some; a

  B.an; some

  C.some; some

  D.an; a

  【答案】:

  1、B

  air是不可数名词。

  2、D

  此题为97年高考题。根据句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出现;第二空仍是泛指,且表数量“-”。

  3、D

  元音前用an。

  4、B

  weather是不可数名词。

  5、A

  此题为85年高考题。泛指。

  6、A

  go to school是固定短语。

  7、B

  山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。

  8、A

  第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可数名词。

  9、C

  第一空,科目前不加冠词;第二空特指,有定语。

  10、C

  11、A

  第一空,a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍;第二空,trade不可数。

  12、D

  第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。(括号里说明,我们俩都不认识这个人,因此不是特指。)第二空是固定短语,情绪不好。

  13、C

  第一空at dinner正在吃饭,固定短语。

  14、A

  泛指

  15、C

  此题是89年高考题:乐器前加定冠词;music是不可数名词。

  16、A

  此题是90年高考题:stars前应加定冠词;space不可数。

  17、C

  此题是91年高考题:发明应是特指。

  18、D

  此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语,不加冠词。

  19、C

  此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语,固是特指。第二空, public places,公共场所,泛指。

  20、A

  此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词;have a word with sb.是固定短语。

  高考英语第二轮语法专题复习一

  冠词The Article

  知识要点:

  冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The definite Article)两种。a (an) 是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting

  book等。the是定冠词。

  一、不定冠词的用法

  1、指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.

  2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.

  A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。

  3、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:

  I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.

  4、用于某些固定词组中。如:

  a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。

  5、用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词,起具体化的作用。如:

  This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。

  It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。

  It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉。

  二、定冠词的用法:

  1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如:

  Beijing is the capital of China.

  The pen on the desk is mine.

  2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如:

  Where is the teacher?

  Open the window, please.

  3、指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。如:

  There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.

  The baby was thin.

  4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:

  the earth, the moon, the sun.

  5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。(副词最高级前的定冠词可省略)如:

  He is always the first to come to school.

  Bob is the tallest in his class.

  6、用在某些专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专用名词)。如:

  the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。

  7、用在一些习惯用语中。如:

  on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。

  8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如:

  the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas

  9、用在报刊、杂志前。如:

  the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。

  10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如:

  The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。

  11、用在形容词前,表某一类人。如:

  the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。

  12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如:

  The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).

  三、零冠词(即不用冠词):

  1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如:

  China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。

  2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如:

  Go down this street.

  3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如:

  We are students.

  I like reading stories.

  4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如:

  Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。

  Today is New Year’s Day.

  It is Sunday.

  March 8 is Women’s Day.

  5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前,尤其作表语、宾补时。如:

  What’s the matter, Granny?

  We elected him monitor.

  6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如:

  at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。

  7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如:

  She goes to school after breakfast every morning.

  We are going to play football.

  We usually have lunch at school.

  8、科目前不加。如:

  We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.

  【专项训练】:

  1、 We can’t live withoutair.

  A.an

  B.×

  C.the

  D.some

  2、——Have you seenpen? I left it here this morning.

  ——Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.

  A.a; the

  B.the; the

  C.the; a

  D.a; a

  3、I’ve been waiting for him forhour andhalf.

  A.×; ×

  B.the; a

  C.a; the

  D.an; a

  4、Whatfine weather we have today!

  A.a

  B.×

  C.some

  D.an

  5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one?

  A.a tree

  B.such tree

  C.an tree

  D.tree

  6、Children usually go toschool atage of six.

  A.×; the

  B.a; an

  C.the; ×

  D.the; the

  7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld.

  A.×; the;×

  B.The; the; the

  C.A; a; a

  D.×;×;×

  8、They each have__book. Li Hua’s is aboutwriter. Wang Lin’s is on science.

  A.a; a; ×

  B.the; ×; the

  C.×; the; ×

  D.a; the; a

  9、Physics isscience of matter and energy.

  A.The; ×

  B.×; ×

  C.×; the

  D.A; a

  10、sun rises ineast and sets inwest.

  A.A; an; a

  B.The;×;×

  C.The; the; the

  D.A; the; a

  11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.

  A.a;×

  B.the; an

  C.the; the

  D.×; the

  12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad

  temper.A.×;a

  B.A;×

  C.The; the

  D.A; a

  13、They were atdinner then. It wasdelicous one.

  A.a; the

  B.×;×

  C.×;a

  D.a; a

  14、what kind of car do you want to buy?

  A.×

  B.the

  C.a

  D.an

  15、Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.

  A.×; the

  B.×;×

  C.the; ×

  D.the; the

  16、Beyondstars, the astronaut saw nothing butspace.

  A.the; ×

  B.×; the

  C.×;×

  D.the; the

  17、Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876.

  A.×

  B.a

  C.the

  D.one

  18、——Where’s Jack?

  ——I think he’s still inbed, but he might just be inbathroom.

  A.×;×

  B.the; the

  C.the; ×

  D.×; the

  19、Many people are still inhabit of writing silly things inpublic places.

  A.the; the

  B.×;×

  C.the; ×

  D.×; the

  20、——I’d likeinformation about the management of your hotel, please.

  ——Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.

  A.some; a

  B.an; some

  C.some; some

  D.an; a

  【答案】:

  1、B

  air是不可数名词。

  2、D

  此题为97年高考题。根据句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出现;第二空仍是泛指,且表数量“-”。

  3、D

  元音前用an。

  4、B

  weather是不可数名词。

  5、A

  此题为85年高考题。泛指。

  6、A

  go to school是固定短语。

  7、B

  山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。

  8、A

  第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可数名词。

  9、C

  第一空,科目前不加冠词;第二空特指,有定语。

  10、C

  11、A

  第一空,a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍;第二空,trade不可数。

  12、D

  第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。(括号里说明,我们俩都不认识这个人,因此不是特指。)第二空是固定短语,情绪不好。

  13、C

  第一空at dinner正在吃饭,固定短语。

  14、A

  泛指

  15、C

  此题是89年高考题:乐器前加定冠词;music是不可数名词。

  16、A

  此题是90年高考题:stars前应加定冠词;space不可数。

  17、C

  此题是91年高考题:发明应是特指。

  18、D

  此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语,不加冠词。

  19、C

  此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语,固是特指。第二空, public places,公共场所,泛指。

  20、A

  此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词;have a word with sb.是固定短语。