2024届高考英语二轮精品课件：第1部分 语法填空 专题3 特殊句式及固定搭配
专题三 特殊句式及固定搭配 考点一 特殊句式 一、倒装句 【典例1】 Only when he reached the tea-house he realize it was the same place he’d been in last year. 答案及剖析:did 考查倒装。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填助动词did,构成倒装句。句意:只有当他到达茶馆时,他才意识到他去年也来过这家茶馆。only修饰状语从句when he reached the tea-house放在句首,主句要用部分倒装语序,根据语境为一般过去时,所以填助动词did。 【典例2】 At no time they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them. 答案及剖析:did 考查倒装。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填助动词did,构成倒装句。句意:他们事实上根本没有违反游戏规则,惩罚他们是不公平的。at no time意思是“绝不,根本不”。当含有否定词的介词短语位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装语序,根据语境为一般过去时,所以填助动词did。 名师在线
(1)在英语中,把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句,称为完全倒装句。常见
的完全倒装句有以下几种:
①在there引导的句子中,谓语是be,exist,live,lie等表示状态的动词
时,用完全倒装句。
②地点状语位于句首,主语为名词且谓语为不及物动词时,用完全倒装句。
③作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时,用完全倒装句。
④表示地点和动作转移的副词,如:here,there,up,down,in,away,out等置
于句首且主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。
注意:当主语是代词时,不倒装。如:
Here comes the bus./Here it comes. (2)在英语中,把助动词、情态动词或be动词移到主语之前称为部分倒装。常见的部分
倒装句有以下几种:
①当so/neither/nor位于句首时,可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前,构成部分
倒装。
②“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时,主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。
③表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或介词短语
主要有not,little,hardly,never,by no means,on no condition,in no case,
nowhere,seldom,nor等。
④在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中,可以省略if,将 had/were/should放在
主语之前,构成部分倒装。
⑤hardly...when...,no sooner...than...,not only...but also...等引导两个
分句,且hardly,no sooner,not only等提到句首时,前一个分句用部分倒装,后
一个分句不变。
⑥在so...that...句式中,如果so引导的部分位于句首,主句中的主语和谓语需要
部分倒装。
⑦as/though引导的让步状语从句中,将表语置于句首构成部分倒装。 二、强调句型 【典例3】It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan. 答案及剖析:that 本题考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知,此处构成not until的强调句型,应填that。句意:直到将近信的结尾她才提到自己的计划。本题为强调句型,被强调部分为not until near the end of the letter。原句为:She didn’t mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.。 【典例4】 was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued. 答案及剖析:It 考查强调句型中it的用法。根据语境可知,此处构成强调句型,应填代词it。句意:正是在当地导游的帮助下,这个登山者才得以获救。 名师在线
强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...。在这个句型中,it没有词汇意义,只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词,用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其他成分,则一律用that来连接。被强调部分错综复杂,容易与其他从句混淆。区分的方法是把句中的It is/was和that/who去掉,如果句子成立,且句意通顺,就是强调句型,否则就不是强调句型。如:It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.去掉It is和that/who,还原为Jane has been living in London since she left China.作为句子完全成立,由此可以判断该句为强调句型。 使用强调句型的几个注意事项: (1)被强调成分是主语,who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持
一致。
It is I who am right.
对的是我。
It is he who is wrong.
错的是他。
It is the students who are lovely.
可爱的是学生们。 (2)被强调成分即使是在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等,也不能用when,where,
because,而要用that。
It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his
research work again.
正是在战后爱因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。
It was in front of the bank that the lady was robbed.
那位女士是在银行前面遭遇抢劫的。
It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.
他是因为下大雨来晚的。
(3)被强调成分是作主语的代词时用主格,是作宾语的代词时用宾格。
It was he that helped me yesterday.
昨天是他帮助了我。
It was me that he helped yesterday.
他昨天帮助的是我。 (4)被强调部分既包括人又包括物,用that不用who。
It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking
about.
他们谈论的是他们记得的人和事。 易混易错 强调句型与主语从句、状语从句、定语从句的区别 1.强调句型与主语从句的比较
强调句型将句子中的it is/was与that/who同时省去,句子仍然成立;
而包含主语从句的句子用that从句代替it,句子成立。如:
It was Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.
你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。
(本句若将It was 及that同时省去为:You met Li Lei’s brother in
the street yesterday.句子同样成立,因此本句是强调句型。)
It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up ShenzhouⅩ.
我们成功地发射了神舟十号这件事情真令人兴奋。(本句若将It is 及
that同时省去为:We have succeeded exciting in sending up
Shenzhou Ⅹ.显然句子错误,因此,本句不是强调句型,that引导主语从
句,it是形式主语。) 2.强调句型与定语从句的比较
强调句型中的it没有实际意义,it is/was与that/who去掉后句子结构仍
然完整。但定语从句中的it be和作主语的that去掉后句子结构不完整。 3.强调句型与状语从句的比较
强调句型中的it is/was与that/who同时省去,句子仍然成立;而包含状语
从句的句子it是主语。如:
It was 8 o’clock when they went home.
他们回家时是8点。
(句中代词it作主语,指代时间,when引导时间状语从句)
It was at 8 o’clock that they went home.
他们是在8点回家的。
(at 8 o’clock是被强调部分,本句是强调句型) 【变式训练】 完成句子 1.It was at midnight I got back home yesterday.
It was midnight I got back home yesterday. 2.It was in 1998 he was in middle school.
It was in 1998, he was in middle school. 3.It was two years ago I began to learn English.
It is two years I began to learn English. 答案:1.that;when 2.that;when 3.that;since 三、祈使句 【典例5】 (knock) at the door before you enter my room, please. 答案及剖析:Knock 考查祈使句。分析句子成分可知,空格前没有主语,后面有before引导的时间状语从句,由此可判断,此处构成祈使句,所以填knock。 【典例6】 Work hard you will fail the exam. 答案及剖析:or 根据语境可知,此处构成常用句型“祈使句+and/or you will/won’t...”。根据句意“努力学习,否则你会考试不及格的”可知,用or。 四、状语从句中句子成分的省略 【典例7】 When (ask) for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 答案及剖析:asked 考查省略及非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处是由When he was asked for his views about his teaching job省略he和was变化而来,所以填提示词的过去分词形式,表被动。句意:当被问及他对他的教学工作有何看法时,菲利普说他觉得很有趣,值得做。 【典例8】Unless (invite),he won’t come to the party. 答案及剖析:invited 考查省略及非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处是由Unless he is invited省略he和is变化而来,所以填提示词的过去分词形式,表被动。句意:除非受到邀请,否则他不会来参加聚会。 名师在线
在以when,while,if,though(although),as,whether,once等连词引导的时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,而且从句的谓语又包含be动词时,可以省略从句中“主语+be动词”部分。 易混易错
状语从句的省略条件 状语从句的省略是常见的考点,在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中最为常见。如: If (it is ) possible,I will go with him to the Sahara Desert. 如果有可能,我就和他一块去撒哈拉大沙漠。 The girl is better,though (she is) not yet cured. 女孩好点了,不过仍未痊愈。 If (you are) asked,you may come in. 如果被叫到,你可以进来。 【变式训练】 完成句子 1.It was a nice meal, (尽管
有点儿贵). 2.Generally speaking, .
(按照说明书服用的话),the drug has no side
effect. 答案:1.though (it was) a little expensive 2.when (it is) taken according to the instructions 考点二 固定搭配 1.常见词组
as a matter of fact,be proud of,by the way,come from,according to,
congratulate...on...,devote...to...,earn one’s living,keep one’s word,make
up one’s mind,be concerned about...,catch up with...,keep an eye on...,
concentrate on...等。 2.特殊固定用法
keep...doing sth.,prevent...from doing...,like doing...,need doing,feel like
doing,get sth.done,have sth.done,have sb.doing/do sth.,enjoy doing,succeed in
doing等。 3.常用句型
so/such...that...,It is...(for sb./of sb.) to do sth.,There is no doubt/need
that...,There is no sense in doing sth.,neither...nor,either...or,It’s ( high)
time that sb.did/should do sth.,It is no good/use doing sth.,not only...but
also...,It is/was the first (second) time that sb.has done/had done sth.,It is
no wonder that...等。 【典例1】 When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day; the same time,they warm up again for the night.(2024新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:to cool;at 根据语境可知,第一空处应该用动词不定式,构成adj./adv.+enough to do结构,所以第一空填to cool;根据语境可知,第二空填介词at,构成短语at the same time,表示“同时”。 【典例2】Keep (hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.(2024辽宁) 答案及剖析:holding 根据语境可知,此处作动词keep的宾语,构成固定搭配,keep doing sth.意思是“继续做某事”因此填动词-ing形式。 【典例3】 I had an unusual conversation with a woman about physical limitations.Nancy suffered a serious disease and she could no longer walk. 答案及剖析:from 考查固定词组suffer from,表示“患……疾病”。 【典例4】 It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2024新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:to reduce It takes/took (sb.)+...+to do sth.为固定句型,意思是“做某事花费(某人)多长时间”。所以此处填动词不定式。 【典例5】 In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The (hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! 答案及剖析:harder 考查副词比较级的用法。根据语境可知,此处构成固定句型the more...,the more...,表示“越……就越……”,因此填提示词的比较级形式。 【典例6】 “Sir,you didn’t even ask the other riders for help, why? What I had said ‘no’ and left you there?”the horseman asked. 答案及剖析:if 考查固定句型What if...?表示“要是……将会怎么样?” 名师在线
特殊句型结构及固定搭配在语法填空中主要考查对其掌握的熟悉程度,所以我们要善于积累,牢记固定搭配和特殊句型,答题时注意固定搭配的介词、名词、动词的形式和特殊句型的形式主语、连接词及相应时态的运用等。 代词it在特殊句型中非常活跃,所以考生需要特别注意包含it的常用句型: (1)用在动词 like,love,dislike,hate,appreciate等后作宾语。如:
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
我讨厌人们满嘴食物说话。 (2)作形式主语或形式宾语
①用于“It is+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing形式或that从句”中。如:
It is certain that he will succeed.他一定会成功。
②用于“It seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that 从句”中。如:
It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help.
我突然想起我应该向警方求助。 ③用于“It looks as if/as though...”中。如:
It looks as if we’re going to miss the plane.
似乎我们要误了班机了。 ④用于“It is+过去分词+that从句”中。如:
It is believed that he will be admitted to Beijing University.
人们相信他将被北京大学录取。 ⑤用于“think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing形式或 that从
句”中。如:
I make it a rule to walk two miles a day.
我通常每天步行两英里路。 ⑥用于 take it for granted that...,bring it to one’s attention
that...,see to it that...等句型中。如:
We take it for granted that water is free at restaurants.
我们认为在餐馆里水免费饮用是理所当然的事情。
(3)构成特定句型
①It is/has been...since...
It is almost ten years since he enjoyed himself so much.
将近有十年时间他没这么高兴过了。
②It was (not)/will(not) be...before...
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.
不久他就感受到此处的危险。
③It is sb.’s turn to do sth.
It’s my turn to look after the baby.轮到我看孩子了。 体验真题 (2024 辽宁)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jonny:Hey!I’m just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me? Peter:I know nothing about it.Is it difficult? Jonny:It seems easy,but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this. Peter:OK.Don’t laugh 61. me.I may look funny. Jonny:Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and 62. .
(soft).Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly,then be sure to keep your balance and
don’t let your body shake. Peter:I cannot control my body well.My legs become 63.(pain). Jonny:Keep 64.(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let 65. stay in the air for seconds. Peter:I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer. Jonny:Be patient!Tai Chi 66.(call)“shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water:to be flexible as well 67. strong.In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the
strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The 68.(hard) you try
to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! Peter:Unbelievable!Oh...,69. you don’t mind,I’ll stop and take a deep 70.. 答案及剖析: 61.at 考查介词的用法。此处构成短语laugh at,意思是“嘲笑”。
62.softly 考查派生词的用法。并列连词and连接两个相同词性的词,由此可知,此处和naturally并列,修饰动词,在句中作状语,因此填提示词的副词形式softly。
63.painful 考查派生词的用法。此处在句中作表语,应填提示词的形容词形式painful。
64.holding 考查非谓语动词的用法。此处作动词keep的宾语。keep doing sth.意思是“继续做某事”。
65.it 考查代词的用法。此处指代上文的your leg,在句中作宾语,因此填it。
