2024届高考英语二轮语法强化训练12 虚拟语气
强化训练12
虚拟语气
（时间：分钟）
Ⅰ.单项选择(每题1分，共20分)
1(2024·北京卷)We ________the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?
C．could have faced
D．must have faced
答案 C [题干的意思是：“我们原本可以一起面对困难的，可是，你为什么不告诉我呢？”由but和didn't可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句形式为could/would/should/might have done，所以C项正确。A项和B项都是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，可排除；D项表示推测，故排除。]
(2024·福建卷)We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday.
C．would visit
D．would have visited
答案 D [句意：我们在那个小村庄迷了路，否则我们昨天就能浏览更多的名胜了。对于句中的otherwise“否则，要不然”它引起的虚拟语气属于含蓄型，由句中的时间状语yesterday可知是与过去的事实相反，此时主句用would have done形式。 ]
(2024·北京西城期末考试)________ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
C．Would I be devoted
D．Should I be devoted
答案 B [考查倒装及虚拟语气。此处为省略if的虚拟条件句，因从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应使用过去完成时，此题是将had提至句首且省略if，故B。]
(2024·西安一检)I was busy the other day，otherwise I ________ to help you.
C．had come
D．came
答案 A [考查虚拟语气。句意：前些天我很忙，否则我会来帮助你的。后半句是虚拟语气，再结合前半句的时态可知此处是对过去情况的虚拟，have done”结构。]
(2010·江苏卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________more on its culture.
C．would focus
D．had focused
答案 B [考查虚拟语气。would rather后的宾语从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示对现在或将来事实的虚拟。]
，I ________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
C．would win
D．would have won
答案 B [考查虚拟语气。句中But for一词给出了暗示：没有英语老师的帮助，自己不会在英语写作竞赛中获奖是对过去的虚拟，谓语用情态动词＋have done结构，而D项逻辑错误。]
(2024·长沙一模)—Andrew has flew to Paris.
，how I wish he ________to my birthday party tonight.
C．could come
D．would have come
答案 C [考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，Andrew已经去了巴黎，今晚不可能参加说话人的生日聚会了，故这里是对发生在将来情况的虚拟。wish后的宾语从句，若表示将来不能实现的愿望，谓语用would/might/could＋动词原形，故选C。]
(2024·温州二模)Look at the trouble we're in.If only we ________our teacher's advice!
C．would have taken
D．had taken
答案 D [考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知我们已经陷入了困境，老师提建议是发生在过去，因此本题的虚拟语气是与过去的事实相反，故选择had taken。if only表示“要是……就好了”。]
(2024·宁夏联考)The story is so descriptive—I feel as if I ________there.
C．am
D．have been
答案 B [考查虚拟语气。根据语意“这个故事如此生动，我感觉好像身临其境一样”可知，空处是对现在事实的虚拟，故谓语动词用were，答案选B项。]
(2024·杭高月考)—Want to ride on the roller coaster?
！I ________on the roller coaster even if you paid me a million dollars!
B．would have ridden
C．would ride
D．wouldn't have ridden
答案 A [考查虚拟语气。与现实相反的假设，even if从句中要用过去时，主句中用would＋动词原形，因此在A、C中选结合语意“给我一百万美元，我也不坐过山车”可知要用否定形式，故选A。]
(2024·重庆市七区联考)________he driven more carefully，the accident would not have happened the other day.
C．Has
D．Would have
答案 B [考查虚拟语气由the other day可知，这里是对过去的虚拟if从句中要用过去完成时态，而当if被省略时，该从句中的had要置于句首构成倒装。]
(2024·辽宁丹东四校联考)________，it would be silly to argue any longer.
C．Should that be true
D．Could that be true
答案 C [考查虚拟语气的用法。空白处为对将来不确定的虚拟的if从句，谓语动词应用过去式/should＋＋，结合各选项可知，省掉if后should提前构成倒装。]
—He looks hot and dry.
—So ________you if you had a temperature of 40℃.
A．may
B．would
C．must
D．should
答案 B [答语用了倒装句式，相当于“You would look hot and dry too if you had a temperature of 40℃.”。同时，由had可知是对现在情况的虚拟，主句应用would＋动词原形。]
________a sudden loud noise.
A．would there be
B．should there be
C．there was
D．there having been
答案 B [根据语意，原句应为．..if there should be a sudden loud noise，if虚拟条件句中有should时，可以把if省略，should提前，构成倒装结构，据此选B项。]
，they ________the plane.
C．would have caught
D．will have caught
答案 C [Ten minutes earlier相当于虚拟条件句If they had left ten minutes earlier，是对过去情况的相反假设，因此空格处用would have done结构，表示与过去事实相反。]
—Well，if you ________to the teacher carefully yesterday，you ________how to do it now.
；would know
；would have known
；know
；knew
答案 A [句意：——告诉我怎么做这道练习题，好吗？——如果你昨天认真听讲，现在你就知道怎么做了。根据语境，答语要用虚拟语气，注意该if条件从句表示与过去事实相反，而主句则表示与现在事实相反。故选A项。]
________ice cream on the beach if his father______last year，leaving nothing but debts.
；should die
；had not died
；had not died
；had died
答案 C [句意：如果不是他父亲去年去世了，只是留下了债务的话，他现在就不用在海滩上卖冰激凌了。这个句子使用了混合虚拟语气，主句表示与现在事实相反，故谓语用“情态动词＋had＋过去分词”的形式，因此选C项。]
，we ________in Beijing earlier.
C．could arrive
D．should have arrived
答案 D [but for表示对过去的含蓄虚拟，句子的谓语应用“情态动have done”结构。]
，you ________in trouble now.
C．would not be
D．would not have been
答案 C [由从句时态可知从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，由now可知，主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，因此，主句谓语动词应该用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。句意：你要是早听我的话，现在你就不会遇到这么大的麻烦了。]
________rudely to her yesterday.
A．you not speak
B．you not speaking
C．you didn't speak
D．you hadn't spoken
答案 D [would rather后跟从句，表示主语“宁愿……”，这时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语]
Ⅱ.试说新语(每题1分，共7分)
(熟义：写出；下来，使下来)
________
22．given(＝considering)(熟义：被给
Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.________
23．glare(熟义：怒目而视)
________
24．as good as(熟义：与……一样好)
________
25．govern(熟义：管理；控制)
________
26．grade(熟义：年级)
________
Eggs are graded from small to extralarge.
________
27．green(熟义：绿色的，青的)
________
答案 21.使情绪低落；身体虚弱 22.考虑到 23.发出刺眼的光 24.差不多，几乎 25.影响；支配 等级，分数；分等级；给分数 27.(pl.)绿色蔬菜
强化训练12
虚拟语气
（时间：分钟）
Ⅰ.单项选择(每题1分，共20分)
1(2024·北京卷)We ________the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?
C．could have faced
D．must have faced
答案 C [题干的意思是：“我们原本可以一起面对困难的，可是，你为什么不告诉我呢？”由but和didn't可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句形式为could/would/should/might have done，所以C项正确。A项和B项都是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，可排除；D项表示推测，故排除。]
(2024·福建卷)We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday.
C．would visit
D．would have visited
答案 D [句意：我们在那个小村庄迷了路，否则我们昨天就能浏览更多的名胜了。对于句中的otherwise“否则，要不然”它引起的虚拟语气属于含蓄型，由句中的时间状语yesterday可知是与过去的事实相反，此时主句用would have done形式。 ]
(2024·北京西城期末考试)________ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
C．Would I be devoted
D．Should I be devoted
答案 B [考查倒装及虚拟语气。此处为省略if的虚拟条件句，因从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应使用过去完成时，此题是将had提至句首且省略if，故B。]
(2024·西安一检)I was busy the other day，otherwise I ________ to help you.
C．had come
D．came
答案 A [考查虚拟语气。句意：前些天我很忙，否则我会来帮助你的。后半句是虚拟语气，再结合前半句的时态可知此处是对过去情况的虚拟，have done”结构。]
(2010·江苏卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________more on its culture.
C．would focus
D．had focused
答案 B [考查虚拟语气。would rather后的宾语从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示对现在或将来事实的虚拟。]
，I ________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
C．would win
D．would have won
答案 B [考查虚拟语气。句中But for一词给出了暗示：没有英语老师的帮助，自己不会在英语写作竞赛中获奖是对过去的虚拟，谓语用情态动词＋have done结构，而D项逻辑错误。]
(2024·长沙一模)—Andrew has flew to Paris.
，how I wish he ________to my birthday party tonight.
C．could come
D．would have come
答案 C [考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，Andrew已经去了巴黎，今晚不可能参加说话人的生日聚会了，故这里是对发生在将来情况的虚拟。wish后的宾语从句，若表示将来不能实现的愿望，谓语用would/might/could＋动词原形，故选C。]
(2024·温州二模)Look at the trouble we're in.If only we ________our teacher's advice!
C．would have taken
D．had taken
答案 D [考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知我们已经陷入了困境，老师提建议是发生在过去，因此本题的虚拟语气是与过去的事实相反，故选择had taken。if only表示“要是……就好了”。]
(2024·宁夏联考)The story is so descriptive—I feel as if I ________there.
C．am
D．have been
答案 B [考查虚拟语气。根据语意“这个故事如此生动，我感觉好像身临其境一样”可知，空处是对现在事实的虚拟，故谓语动词用were，答案选B项。]
(2024·杭高月考)—Want to ride on the roller coaster?
！I ________on the roller coaster even if you paid me a million dollars!
B．would have ridden
C．would ride
D．wouldn't have ridden
答案 A [考查虚拟语气。与现实相反的假设，even if从句中要用过去时，主句中用would＋动词原形，因此在A、C中选结合语意“给我一百万美元，我也不坐过山车”可知要用否定形式，故选A。]
(2024·重庆市七区联考)________he driven more carefully，the accident would not have happened the other day.
C．Has
D．Would have
答案 B [考查虚拟语气由the other day可知，这里是对过去的虚拟if从句中要用过去完成时态，而当if被省略时，该从句中的had要置于句首构成倒装。]
(2024·辽宁丹东四校联考)________，it would be silly to argue any longer.
C．Should that be true
D．Could that be true
答案 C [考查虚拟语气的用法。空白处为对将来不确定的虚拟的if从句，谓语动词应用过去式/should＋＋，结合各选项可知，省掉if后should提前构成倒装。]
—He looks hot and dry.
—So ________you if you had a temperature of 40℃.
A．may
B．would
C．must
D．should
答案 B [答语用了倒装句式，相当于“You would look hot and dry too if you had a temperature of 40℃.”。同时，由had可知是对现在情况的虚拟，主句应用would＋动词原形。]
________a sudden loud noise.
A．would there be
B．should there be
C．there was
D．there having been
答案 B [根据语意，原句应为．..if there should be a sudden loud noise，if虚拟条件句中有should时，可以把if省略，should提前，构成倒装结构，据此选B项。]
，they ________the plane.
C．would have caught
D．will have caught
答案 C [Ten minutes earlier相当于虚拟条件句If they had left ten minutes earlier，是对过去情况的相反假设，因此空格处用would have done结构，表示与过去事实相反。]
—Well，if you ________to the teacher carefully yesterday，you ________how to do it now.
；would know
；would have known
；know
；knew
答案 A [句意：——告诉我怎么做这道练习题，好吗？——如果你昨天认真听讲，现在你就知道怎么做了。根据语境，答语要用虚拟语气，注意该if条件从句表示与过去事实相反，而主句则表示与现在事实相反。故选A项。]
________ice cream on the beach if his father______last year，leaving nothing but debts.
；should die
；had not died
；had not died
；had died
答案 C [句意：如果不是他父亲去年去世了，只是留下了债务的话，他现在就不用在海滩上卖冰激凌了。这个句子使用了混合虚拟语气，主句表示与现在事实相反，故谓语用“情态动词＋had＋过去分词”的形式，因此选C项。]
，we ________in Beijing earlier.
C．could arrive
D．should have arrived
答案 D [but for表示对过去的含蓄虚拟，句子的谓语应用“情态动have done”结构。]
，you ________in trouble now.
C．would not be
D．would not have been
答案 C [由从句时态可知从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，由now可知，主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，因此，主句谓语动词应该用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。句意：你要是早听我的话，现在你就不会遇到这么大的麻烦了。]
________rudely to her yesterday.
A．you not speak
B．you not speaking
C．you didn't speak
D．you hadn't spoken
答案 D [would rather后跟从句，表示主语“宁愿……”，这时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语]
Ⅱ.试说新语(每题1分，共7分)
(熟义：写出；下来，使下来)
________
22．given(＝considering)(熟义：被给
Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.________
23．glare(熟义：怒目而视)
________
24．as good as(熟义：与……一样好)
________
25．govern(熟义：管理；控制)
________
26．grade(熟义：年级)
________
Eggs are graded from small to extralarge.
________
27．green(熟义：绿色的，青的)
________
答案 21.使情绪低落；身体虚弱 22.考虑到 23.发出刺眼的光 24.差不多，几乎 25.影响；支配 等级，分数；分等级；给分数 27.(pl.)绿色蔬菜
