2023年职称英语卫生类考试教材阅读理解文章及练习
U. S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U.S. governments National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.
We anticipate that in the long term1，what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nations health care costs, Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIHs Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up2 pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth3, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
词汇：
hereditary adj.遗传的
注释：
1.in the long term：从长远说来
2.sign up：使报名从事
3.pre-term birth：早产
练习：
1.The aim of the study is to find new ways to
A. conduct research.
B. track public health.
C. prevent or treat illness.
D. speed up development.
2.Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT
A. genetic samples from people in the study.
B. biological samples from people in the study.
C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies.
D. samples of air and water from hospitals.
3.It is expected that through the study the nations health care costs
A. will be lowered in the long run.
B. will be significantly increased.
C. will be more than $200 million.
D. will reach $3.2 billion.
4.The babies of the participants will be followed
A. throughout their lives.
B. for more than two decades.
C. from birth to 21 months.
D. until they get married.
5.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?
A. Theyll be from various areas.
B. Theyll be from all income levels.
C. Theyll be from all educational levels.
D. Theyll be from all age groups.
答案与题解：
1. C本题问的是：美国父母总是叫他们的孩子干什么?文章开头说到,每个美国孩子都能从父母或爷爷奶奶那里听到这样的话,吃光你盘子里的东西，做淸盘俱乐部的成员。这些话表达的意思就是不要浪费粮食。因此C是正确的答案。
2. A本题问的是：美国饭馆为什么饭菜给得多?第二段相关的话是这么说的：美国人在传统 上把东西值不值是跟数量联系在一起,因此大多数的饭馆给的量大。这些饭馆乐于让顾客 们抱怨饭菜给得太多而不乐于让他们抱怨饭菜给得太少。所以A是正确的答案。
3. D本题问的是:20世纪70年代发生了什么?文章第三段是这样说的：一位宾州大学营养 教授,Barbara Rolls，告诉《今日美国》20世纪70年代饭馆给的饭菜的量开始增加，与此同 时,美国人的腰围也开始增大。所以D是对的。
4. A本题问的是：调查报告说明了什么?选项B，C和D所说的数字不对。因此唯有A是正确的。A说的是：许多美国穷人希望量大。这个信息可以在第四段中找到。相关的句子是 这么说的：许多吃不起精美正餐的美国人仍然要量大。
5. C本题问的是:下面的哪一种说法不符合美国工人的实际情况? C说的是：他们不想做吃 得健康的人。这个说法是不对的。最后一段的第一句话是这么说的:美国工人不是不想做 吃得健康的人。因此C正确。
译文：健康饮食
把盘子里的东西吃完了!要成为一名清盘俱乐部的成员!几乎每一个美国小孩都会听到父母亲或祖父母这样的唠叨。父母亲或祖父母们还经常会加上一句恳求的话：想想那些饥饿的非洲孤儿吧，多可怜啊!我们的确应该为每一口食物充满感激。但不幸的是，很多美国人吃得太多了。也许我们应该为明天节约一些粮食，而不足坚持把盘子里的东西吃完。
据资讯报导，美国的餐馆应该为美国人日益增大的肚腩负部分责任。《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客提供的一盘食物的量是政府推荐的二至四倍。美国人传统的认为有量才有质，所以大多数餐馆都试图迎合顾客们的这一想法。他们宁愿被抱怨提供了过多的食物也不愿意被投诉提供的食物太少。
芭芭拉?罗尔斯是宾夕法尼亚州立大学的一位营养学教授。在接受《今日美国》采访时她说道：从20世纪70年代起，美国的餐馆就开始提供越来越大份的食物;也就是从这个时候起，美国人的腰围也变得越来越粗了。
健康专家已经试着让很多餐馆提供份量小一些的食物。显然，现在很多顾客也为此而呼吁。据《QSR杂志》报道：在上个月对4000多人所做的一次调查中，有57%的人认为餐馆提供的食物份量太大了，23%的人没有发表看法，还有 20%的人不同意此看法。但是再仔细看看调查结果，你就会发现很多买不起精美菜肴的美 国人还是喜欢买大份量食物。在年收入15万美元以上的人群中，70%的人更愿意买份量小一点的食物：但在年收入少于2.5万美元的人群中，只有45%的人愿意买份量小一点的食物。
事情是这样的，不是美国的工人不想吃的健康一点，而是美国工人觉得做许多个小时低收入的工种下来，盘子里的饭菜量小有点不合算。他们是指望薪金支票过日子的，希望能为来年的圣诞节节约一些钱来买圣诞礼物。
U. S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U.S. governments National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.
We anticipate that in the long term1，what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nations health care costs, Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIHs Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up2 pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth3, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
词汇：
hereditary adj.遗传的
注释：
1.in the long term：从长远说来
2.sign up：使报名从事
3.pre-term birth：早产
练习：
1.The aim of the study is to find new ways to
A. conduct research.
B. track public health.
C. prevent or treat illness.
D. speed up development.
2.Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT
A. genetic samples from people in the study.
B. biological samples from people in the study.
C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies.
D. samples of air and water from hospitals.
3.It is expected that through the study the nations health care costs
A. will be lowered in the long run.
B. will be significantly increased.
C. will be more than $200 million.
D. will reach $3.2 billion.
4.The babies of the participants will be followed
A. throughout their lives.
B. for more than two decades.
C. from birth to 21 months.
D. until they get married.
5.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?
A. Theyll be from various areas.
B. Theyll be from all income levels.
C. Theyll be from all educational levels.
D. Theyll be from all age groups.
答案与题解：
1. C本题问的是：美国父母总是叫他们的孩子干什么?文章开头说到,每个美国孩子都能从父母或爷爷奶奶那里听到这样的话,吃光你盘子里的东西，做淸盘俱乐部的成员。这些话表达的意思就是不要浪费粮食。因此C是正确的答案。
2. A本题问的是：美国饭馆为什么饭菜给得多?第二段相关的话是这么说的：美国人在传统 上把东西值不值是跟数量联系在一起,因此大多数的饭馆给的量大。这些饭馆乐于让顾客 们抱怨饭菜给得太多而不乐于让他们抱怨饭菜给得太少。所以A是正确的答案。
3. D本题问的是:20世纪70年代发生了什么?文章第三段是这样说的：一位宾州大学营养 教授,Barbara Rolls，告诉《今日美国》20世纪70年代饭馆给的饭菜的量开始增加，与此同 时,美国人的腰围也开始增大。所以D是对的。
4. A本题问的是：调查报告说明了什么?选项B，C和D所说的数字不对。因此唯有A是正确的。A说的是：许多美国穷人希望量大。这个信息可以在第四段中找到。相关的句子是 这么说的：许多吃不起精美正餐的美国人仍然要量大。
5. C本题问的是:下面的哪一种说法不符合美国工人的实际情况? C说的是：他们不想做吃 得健康的人。这个说法是不对的。最后一段的第一句话是这么说的:美国工人不是不想做 吃得健康的人。因此C正确。
译文：健康饮食
把盘子里的东西吃完了!要成为一名清盘俱乐部的成员!几乎每一个美国小孩都会听到父母亲或祖父母这样的唠叨。父母亲或祖父母们还经常会加上一句恳求的话：想想那些饥饿的非洲孤儿吧，多可怜啊!我们的确应该为每一口食物充满感激。但不幸的是，很多美国人吃得太多了。也许我们应该为明天节约一些粮食，而不足坚持把盘子里的东西吃完。
据资讯报导，美国的餐馆应该为美国人日益增大的肚腩负部分责任。《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客提供的一盘食物的量是政府推荐的二至四倍。美国人传统的认为有量才有质，所以大多数餐馆都试图迎合顾客们的这一想法。他们宁愿被抱怨提供了过多的食物也不愿意被投诉提供的食物太少。
芭芭拉?罗尔斯是宾夕法尼亚州立大学的一位营养学教授。在接受《今日美国》采访时她说道：从20世纪70年代起，美国的餐馆就开始提供越来越大份的食物;也就是从这个时候起，美国人的腰围也变得越来越粗了。
健康专家已经试着让很多餐馆提供份量小一些的食物。显然，现在很多顾客也为此而呼吁。据《QSR杂志》报道：在上个月对4000多人所做的一次调查中，有57%的人认为餐馆提供的食物份量太大了，23%的人没有发表看法，还有 20%的人不同意此看法。但是再仔细看看调查结果，你就会发现很多买不起精美菜肴的美 国人还是喜欢买大份量食物。在年收入15万美元以上的人群中，70%的人更愿意买份量小一点的食物：但在年收入少于2.5万美元的人群中，只有45%的人愿意买份量小一点的食物。
事情是这样的，不是美国的工人不想吃的健康一点，而是美国工人觉得做许多个小时低收入的工种下来，盘子里的饭菜量小有点不合算。他们是指望薪金支票过日子的，希望能为来年的圣诞节节约一些钱来买圣诞礼物。
