2023年职称英语考试常用语法详解之状语从句
状语从句
所谓状语从句，是指用来说明主句行为发生的时间、原因、条件、地点、目的、结果及方式等。
1) 时间状语从句：记住以下连接词的意思和重点：
when / while / as
注意：while除了做时间状语的连接词外，还解释为虽然，而.
例如：He is very diligent, while she is very lazy.
before 在之前
until / not until注意：not until放在句首时，往往要求倒装
as soon as / once
immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副词，这里作连接词，表示一就，
例如： I knew I had made a mistake directly I had done it.
the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名词或副词，这里作连接词用。
hardly when / no soonerthan一就
注意：这是时间状语考试的重点句型，一是不要把两个句型中的when和than的搭配搞错了，二是要用倒装语序。
例如：
Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang.
重点：在时间状语中，用一般时代替将来时。
例如：
Well start as soon as the leader ______.
A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came
根据英语时态一致性原则，主句与从句的时态应一致，答案似乎应该是B或C，但是正确答案是A，因为在时间状语中，用一般时代替将来时。将上句改为过去时，道理也一样：
He said we would start as soon as the leader _____.
A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
答案应为A
2) 条件状语从句：分真实条件句和非真实条件句
重点：在条件状语中，用一般时代替将来时
虚拟语气
主要连接词：
if / unless
例如：
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解题思路：根据上面说过的连接原则，这里必须是一个连接词，而A，B都是介词，因此正确答案只能在C，D中选。whereas意为而，故正确答案为C.
provided / on condition that 知道这也是连接词就可以了，一般说，当考题中出现这种词时，应倾向选择。
3) 原因状语从句：
主要连接词：because/ since / as
要点：不要把连接词 because与介词短语because of 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since与表示时间的since自从相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as与表示时间的as随着相混淆;
顺便提一下， because表示直接因果关系，而since, as 是对事实的说明，主句和从句之间并不一定具有因果关系.
例如：
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do.
这个句子用because连接就不太合适。好在军队职称考试中并不要求作这种分辨。
for 注意：一般只能放在主句后面，即主句 + for从句，例如：
He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. 该句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that
Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one. n
in that一般放在主句后面，例如：
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate.
4) 让步状语从句：
主要连接词：although / even if / while 后两个是考试的重点。no matter what / no matter how / whetheror not 这是让步句考试的重点。
例如：
No matter what may happen, we will not change our plan.
No matter how difficult the journey may be, we will not change our plan.
We should not worry her whether she is well or ill .
注意：no matter what后面跟名词或名词性结构;no matter how后面跟形容词或副词，不要搞错;用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however.
5) 比较状语从句：
这是英语语法必考内容，要特别加以重视。
基本概念：两个比较级，三个或三个以上最高级。要对数字2特别敏感，试选择：
Of Mary and Jane, who is ______?
A. smart B.the smartest
C. more smarter D.the smarter
解题思路：很显然这是一道考形容词比较级的题目，从句子结构和选题A可以判断smart是个形容词原级，因此可以断定C的形式错了。B是最高级，但句中只有两个人Mary 和Jane，因此正确答案只能是D，这是一个较特殊的比较级句型，即the + 形容词比较级 + of 。
比较级的主要句型：
原级比较：as +形容词或副词原级+ as， 否定式：not so +形容词或副词原级+ as
注意问题：asas 之间的形容词或副词是否采用了原级;asas 之间该用形容词还是副词;用as much as 还是用as many as
表示倍数时用下面结构， 如3倍：three times as as
例如：
The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.
A.three times as much as B.as three times much as
C.as three times greater than D.three times as big as
解题思路：B、C违反了上述句型规定，A、D的区别是size是与much搭配还是与big搭配，D是对的。
比较级：more than
注意：
1) 比较形式是否正确，如是否有类似more better这样重复比较的错误;
2)两者之间是比较级，三者以上是最高级，看看是两者还是三者或三者以上;
3)只有同类的人或物才能比较;比较不能包括自己， 常用other表示排除。
例如不能说：
He is taller than any students in this class.
而应说：
He is taller than any other student in this class.
4)修饰比较级的词有：much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等，例如：
John did badly in the sports meet. I did even worse .
你能看出下句的问题吗?
His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher.
该句有两个大错1)high的比较级为higher，2)主语his salary而比较对象是a teacher，两者不可比，怎样的表达才是对的呢?请选择：
His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.
A.in comparison with a teacher B.than a teacher
C.than a teachers D.than that of a teachers
正确答案是C，也可以写成than that of a teacher
最高级the most of +比较范围 / 最高级+名词+that 定语从句，例如：
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
the morethe more
The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them.
考试时，一般只要认准the 和比较级形式就不难判别。
其他表示比较意思的形式
A is superior / inferior to B
注意：superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less; 用to不是用 than.
例如：
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.
prefer rather than
例如：
I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there.
Would ratherthan
6) 地点状语从句：
主要连接词：where / wherever / everywhere
注意地点状语从句中where与定语从句中关系副词where的区别与联系：
Put the book where it is.
Put the book in the place where it is.
以上两个句子的意思是一样的，第一个句子是地点状语从句，第二个句子是定语从句，where作关系副词修饰the place
7) 方式状语从句：
as按时
Air is to man as water is to fish.
要点：不要把as 与like 混淆，like是介词，不是连接词, 如不能说：All plants need air like they need water，应为：All plants need air as they need water.
as if / as though可以是真实的，也可以是虚拟的，如：
The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.
He speaks English as though he were an Englishman.
8)目的 / 结果状语从句
目的状语从句：
so that / in order that
lest / for fear that 注意：该句型一般使用should型虚拟式
结果状语从句：
sothat / suchthat/ so that / that / so
The professor speaks so fast that we find it difficult to follow him.
He give me such good advice that I finished the task smoothly.
The film was such that everyone was deeply moved.
顺便提一下，，only to do 虽不属于从句，但是是一个重要的表 结果的句型，请记住， 例如：
For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to return the next day.
从考试角度看，状语从句的重点是：时间、原因、条件、让步和比较
注：如前所述，本讲座不是经典语法书，有些讲法从广义上说是不完整的，甚至是不确切的，如：逗号，不能连接两个句子的提法，但这些概念对于理解英语的某些语法现象，特别是解题是实用的。相信我，没错的.
状语从句
所谓状语从句，是指用来说明主句行为发生的时间、原因、条件、地点、目的、结果及方式等。
1) 时间状语从句：记住以下连接词的意思和重点：
when / while / as
注意：while除了做时间状语的连接词外，还解释为虽然，而.
例如：He is very diligent, while she is very lazy.
before 在之前
until / not until注意：not until放在句首时，往往要求倒装
as soon as / once
immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副词，这里作连接词，表示一就，
例如： I knew I had made a mistake directly I had done it.
the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名词或副词，这里作连接词用。
hardly when / no soonerthan一就
注意：这是时间状语考试的重点句型，一是不要把两个句型中的when和than的搭配搞错了，二是要用倒装语序。
例如：
Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang.
重点：在时间状语中，用一般时代替将来时。
例如：
Well start as soon as the leader ______.
A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came
根据英语时态一致性原则，主句与从句的时态应一致，答案似乎应该是B或C，但是正确答案是A，因为在时间状语中，用一般时代替将来时。将上句改为过去时，道理也一样：
He said we would start as soon as the leader _____.
A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
答案应为A
2) 条件状语从句：分真实条件句和非真实条件句
重点：在条件状语中，用一般时代替将来时
虚拟语气
主要连接词：
if / unless
例如：
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解题思路：根据上面说过的连接原则，这里必须是一个连接词，而A，B都是介词，因此正确答案只能在C，D中选。whereas意为而，故正确答案为C.
provided / on condition that 知道这也是连接词就可以了，一般说，当考题中出现这种词时，应倾向选择。
3) 原因状语从句：
主要连接词：because/ since / as
要点：不要把连接词 because与介词短语because of 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since与表示时间的since自从相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as与表示时间的as随着相混淆;
顺便提一下， because表示直接因果关系，而since, as 是对事实的说明，主句和从句之间并不一定具有因果关系.
例如：
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do.
这个句子用because连接就不太合适。好在军队职称考试中并不要求作这种分辨。
for 注意：一般只能放在主句后面，即主句 + for从句，例如：
He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. 该句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that
Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one. n
in that一般放在主句后面，例如：
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate.
4) 让步状语从句：
主要连接词：although / even if / while 后两个是考试的重点。no matter what / no matter how / whetheror not 这是让步句考试的重点。
例如：
No matter what may happen, we will not change our plan.
No matter how difficult the journey may be, we will not change our plan.
We should not worry her whether she is well or ill .
注意：no matter what后面跟名词或名词性结构;no matter how后面跟形容词或副词，不要搞错;用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however.
5) 比较状语从句：
这是英语语法必考内容，要特别加以重视。
基本概念：两个比较级，三个或三个以上最高级。要对数字2特别敏感，试选择：
Of Mary and Jane, who is ______?
A. smart B.the smartest
C. more smarter D.the smarter
解题思路：很显然这是一道考形容词比较级的题目，从句子结构和选题A可以判断smart是个形容词原级，因此可以断定C的形式错了。B是最高级，但句中只有两个人Mary 和Jane，因此正确答案只能是D，这是一个较特殊的比较级句型，即the + 形容词比较级 + of 。
比较级的主要句型：
原级比较：as +形容词或副词原级+ as， 否定式：not so +形容词或副词原级+ as
注意问题：asas 之间的形容词或副词是否采用了原级;asas 之间该用形容词还是副词;用as much as 还是用as many as
表示倍数时用下面结构， 如3倍：three times as as
例如：
The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.
A.three times as much as B.as three times much as
C.as three times greater than D.three times as big as
解题思路：B、C违反了上述句型规定，A、D的区别是size是与much搭配还是与big搭配，D是对的。
比较级：more than
注意：
1) 比较形式是否正确，如是否有类似more better这样重复比较的错误;
2)两者之间是比较级，三者以上是最高级，看看是两者还是三者或三者以上;
3)只有同类的人或物才能比较;比较不能包括自己， 常用other表示排除。
例如不能说：
He is taller than any students in this class.
而应说：
He is taller than any other student in this class.
4)修饰比较级的词有：much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等，例如：
John did badly in the sports meet. I did even worse .
你能看出下句的问题吗?
His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher.
该句有两个大错1)high的比较级为higher，2)主语his salary而比较对象是a teacher，两者不可比，怎样的表达才是对的呢?请选择：
His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.
A.in comparison with a teacher B.than a teacher
C.than a teachers D.than that of a teachers
正确答案是C，也可以写成than that of a teacher
最高级the most of +比较范围 / 最高级+名词+that 定语从句，例如：
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
the morethe more
The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them.
考试时，一般只要认准the 和比较级形式就不难判别。
其他表示比较意思的形式
A is superior / inferior to B
注意：superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less; 用to不是用 than.
例如：
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.
prefer rather than
例如：
I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there.
Would ratherthan
6) 地点状语从句：
主要连接词：where / wherever / everywhere
注意地点状语从句中where与定语从句中关系副词where的区别与联系：
Put the book where it is.
Put the book in the place where it is.
以上两个句子的意思是一样的，第一个句子是地点状语从句，第二个句子是定语从句，where作关系副词修饰the place
7) 方式状语从句：
as按时
Air is to man as water is to fish.
要点：不要把as 与like 混淆，like是介词，不是连接词, 如不能说：All plants need air like they need water，应为：All plants need air as they need water.
as if / as though可以是真实的，也可以是虚拟的，如：
The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.
He speaks English as though he were an Englishman.
8)目的 / 结果状语从句
目的状语从句：
so that / in order that
lest / for fear that 注意：该句型一般使用should型虚拟式
结果状语从句：
sothat / suchthat/ so that / that / so
The professor speaks so fast that we find it difficult to follow him.
He give me such good advice that I finished the task smoothly.
The film was such that everyone was deeply moved.
顺便提一下，，only to do 虽不属于从句，但是是一个重要的表 结果的句型，请记住， 例如：
For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to return the next day.
从考试角度看，状语从句的重点是：时间、原因、条件、让步和比较
注：如前所述，本讲座不是经典语法书，有些讲法从广义上说是不完整的，甚至是不确切的，如：逗号，不能连接两个句子的提法，但这些概念对于理解英语的某些语法现象，特别是解题是实用的。相信我，没错的.
