中考英语语法:介词语法讲解
(一)介词概述 介词是一种虚词,在句子中不单独作任何句子成分。它是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词。它常和名词、动词、形容词等搭配,构成固定短语,表示不同意 思。介词还可以与名词构成介词短语,表示方位、方向、时间、地点、方式、原因等。这些介词短语在句中可充当定语、状语、补语等。20002005年的中 考中主要考了形容词与介词的搭配:如:be famous for;表示时间的介词,如:at night;动词与介词的搭配,如:arrive in/have dinner with sb.;表示方式、手段的介词,如:by phone/in English. (二)基础知识梳理 1.名词与介词的搭配 a bit of有一点儿 a couple of两个、几个 a kind of一种、一类 cover an area of占地面积 have pity on sb.怜悯某人 huge amounts of大量的 make friends with与交朋友 make fun of拿开玩笑 meet the needs of迎合的需要 one after another一个接一个;连续地 play a trick on捉弄 the week after next下下周 2.动词与介词的搭配 agree with sb.同意某人的意见 apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉 arrive at/in a place到达某地 ask for请求、寻求 be covered with被所覆盖 be made of由制成 be made up of由组成 belong to属于 break into破门而人、闯入 call on拜访 care for照顾、喜欢 carry out执行 check in办理登机 come across被理解;遇见 come from出生于、来自 come on跟我来、走吧 communicate with与交 cut down砍倒 deal with= do with处理 depend on= rely on依靠、依赖 die of因病而死 dream of梦见 dress up穿着、打扮 eat up= finish off吃光、喝完、吞噬 enter for报名参加 fall off从跌落 fill in填充、填写 find out找出、查明、了解 get along/on with进展、与相处 get in the way挡道 get in进入、收集 get on上车 get off下车 get rid of摆脱 get ready for为.作准备 get to到达 get tired of对感到厌倦 go in for参加、从事于、酷爱 ,^ go ahead先走、向前走;去吧 go for a swim去游泳 go on a diet实行节食 go over复习 go on with继续做某事 grow up长大、成长 hand in上交 hear from收到的来信 hear of听说 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 hold on等等(别挂电话) hold up举起 hurry off匆忙离开 join.n参加、加入 keep... from使不做 keep in touch with与保持联系 keep off阻挡;不让接近 knock over撞倒、撞翻 later on过来;后来 laugh at嘲笑 learn.., from向学习 leave for动身去 let out放出 line up整队;排成行 live on靠为生 look after照顾;照料 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look forward to期待着 look like看上去像;显得 look out of从朝外看 look up查寻;抬头看 make out辨认出 make up ones mind下决心 meet with遭遇 operate on sb.为动手术 pay for付钱 pick out拾起 play with玩弄 point at指向;指着 point out指出 praise sb. for sth.为某事表扬某人 prefer... to(比起来)更喜欢 prepare for准备 protect... from保护免受 pull down推倒 put off延期 put on穿;戴上;上演 put out伸出 put up举起;挂起 run after追捕;追踪 run away逃跑 search for搜寻;搜查 see off为送行 sell out售完 set out/off for出发去;起程去 set up建立;设立. shake hands with与握手 share with与分享 show off炫耀 show sb around带某人参观 shut up住口 speed up加快速度 stop...from阻止做 take away拿走 take care of照料 take charge of负责;管理; take hold of抓住 take in吸入 take off脱掉(衣物等);起飞 take out取出 take part in参加 take up开始从事 talk about谈到 talk to/with与...谈话 tell... from区别;分辨 think of想起;想到 think over仔细考虑 throw away扔掉 tie up捆绑 try on 试穿 turn down(把音量)调低 turn into变成 turn off关掉(电灯、电视、收音机等) turn on开,旋开(电灯、电视、收音机等) turn over翻车;翻阅;翻身 turn out结果是;证明是 wake up醒来;叫醒 wait for等待;等候 write down写下
3. 形容词与介词的搭配 be afraid of害怕 be angry with生气 be bad for有害于 be busy with 忙于 be careful with小心 be different from与不同 be familiar to为所熟悉 be famous for以而闻名 be fond of爱好 be good at/poor at擅长于/在方面比较差 be interested in对感兴趣 be keen on喜爱 be late for迟到 be located in/on/at位于 be pleased with对满意 be proud of为而感到自豪 be ready for为做准备 be surprised at对感到惊奇 be thankful to对很感激 be used to习惯于 be worried about为而担心 far away from离遥远 plenty of许多 4.其他介词 1)表示时间的介词 after school放学后 at first起先,开始的时候 at once=in no time立刻;马上 at present现在;目前 at the same time同时 at the moment此时;当时;目前;那时 from now on从此以后 from time to time不时;有时 in a minute一会儿 in ones fifties在某人五十多岁时 in the end=at last最后;终于 in the future在将来 in the years to come在即将来临的几年中 in time及时 out of date过时 2)表示事物之间位置的介词 at school在学校;在上课 at work在工作 in front of在前面 in hospital住院 in line成一排;成一直线 in the middle of在中间 next to紧挨着;紧靠着 on ones side在某人一边 on the right在右边 on the other hand另一方面 on show 在展出 out of从里出来;缺乏 over there在那边 up and down上上下下 3)表示方式、手段的介词 by bus乘公共汽车 by oneself亲自 by phone= on the phone打电话 by the way顺便说;顺便问一下 in a hurry匆忙 in English用英语 in ones opinion根据某人的看法 in return作为回报 instead of代替;而不是 in surprise惊奇地 in this way这样 on business有事;出差. on foot步行;走路 on holiday在休假 on the/ones way to在去的路上 with great care非常小心 with one voice异口同声 with ones own eyes亲眼(目睹) with the help of在的帮助下 4)表示原因、目的的介词 because of因为 in order to为了 for example例如 with pleasure愉快地 5)表示根据、所属、比较等的介词 according to按照 after all终究;毕竟 belong to属于 in all总共 in charge of负责 in fact事实上 in trouble处于困境中 not at all.一点也不;根本不 of course当然 the sameas与同样 work out算出;制定出(一)介词概述 介词是一种虚词,在句子中不单独作任何句子成分。它是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词。它常和名词、动词、形容词等搭配,构成固定短语,表示不同意 思。介词还可以与名词构成介词短语,表示方位、方向、时间、地点、方式、原因等。这些介词短语在句中可充当定语、状语、补语等。20002005年的中 考中主要考了形容词与介词的搭配:如:be famous for;表示时间的介词,如:at night;动词与介词的搭配,如:arrive in/have dinner with sb.;表示方式、手段的介词,如:by phone/in English. (二)基础知识梳理 1.名词与介词的搭配 a bit of有一点儿 a couple of两个、几个 a kind of一种、一类 cover an area of占地面积 have pity on sb.怜悯某人 huge amounts of大量的 make friends with与交朋友 make fun of拿开玩笑 meet the needs of迎合的需要 one after another一个接一个;连续地 play a trick on捉弄 the week after next下下周 2.动词与介词的搭配 agree with sb.同意某人的意见 apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉 arrive at/in a place到达某地 ask for请求、寻求 be covered with被所覆盖 be made of由制成 be made up of由组成 belong to属于 break into破门而人、闯入 call on拜访 care for照顾、喜欢 carry out执行 check in办理登机 come across被理解;遇见 come from出生于、来自 come on跟我来、走吧 communicate with与交 cut down砍倒 deal with= do with处理 depend on= rely on依靠、依赖 die of因病而死 dream of梦见 dress up穿着、打扮 eat up= finish off吃光、喝完、吞噬 enter for报名参加 fall off从跌落 fill in填充、填写 find out找出、查明、了解 get along/on with进展、与相处 get in the way挡道 get in进入、收集 get on上车 get off下车 get rid of摆脱 get ready for为.作准备 get to到达 get tired of对感到厌倦 go in for参加、从事于、酷爱 ,^ go ahead先走、向前走;去吧 go for a swim去游泳 go on a diet实行节食 go over复习 go on with继续做某事 grow up长大、成长 hand in上交 hear from收到的来信 hear of听说 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 hold on等等(别挂电话) hold up举起 hurry off匆忙离开 join.n参加、加入 keep... from使不做 keep in touch with与保持联系 keep off阻挡;不让接近 knock over撞倒、撞翻 later on过来;后来 laugh at嘲笑 learn.., from向学习 leave for动身去 let out放出 line up整队;排成行 live on靠为生 look after照顾;照料 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look forward to期待着 look like看上去像;显得 look out of从朝外看 look up查寻;抬头看 make out辨认出 make up ones mind下决心 meet with遭遇 operate on sb.为动手术 pay for付钱 pick out拾起 play with玩弄 point at指向;指着 point out指出 praise sb. for sth.为某事表扬某人 prefer... to(比起来)更喜欢 prepare for准备 protect... from保护免受 pull down推倒 put off延期 put on穿;戴上;上演 put out伸出 put up举起;挂起 run after追捕;追踪 run away逃跑 search for搜寻;搜查 see off为送行 sell out售完 set out/off for出发去;起程去 set up建立;设立. shake hands with与握手 share with与分享 show off炫耀 show sb around带某人参观 shut up住口 speed up加快速度 stop...from阻止做 take away拿走 take care of照料 take charge of负责;管理; take hold of抓住 take in吸入 take off脱掉(衣物等);起飞 take out取出 take part in参加 take up开始从事 talk about谈到 talk to/with与...谈话 tell... from区别;分辨 think of想起;想到 think over仔细考虑 throw away扔掉 tie up捆绑 try on 试穿 turn down(把音量)调低 turn into变成 turn off关掉(电灯、电视、收音机等) turn on开,旋开(电灯、电视、收音机等) turn over翻车;翻阅;翻身 turn out结果是;证明是 wake up醒来;叫醒 wait for等待;等候 write down写下 work out算出;制定出
(一)介词概述 介词是一种虚词,在句子中不单独作任何句子成分。它是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词。它常和名词、动词、形容词等搭配,构成固定短语,表示不同意 思。介词还可以与名词构成介词短语,表示方位、方向、时间、地点、方式、原因等。这些介词短语在句中可充当定语、状语、补语等。20002005年的中 考中主要考了形容词与介词的搭配:如:be famous for;表示时间的介词,如:at night;动词与介词的搭配,如:arrive in/have dinner with sb.;表示方式、手段的介词,如:by phone/in English. (二)基础知识梳理 1.名词与介词的搭配 a bit of有一点儿 a couple of两个、几个 a kind of一种、一类 cover an area of占地面积 have pity on sb.怜悯某人 huge amounts of大量的 make friends with与交朋友 make fun of拿开玩笑 meet the needs of迎合的需要 one after another一个接一个;连续地 play a trick on捉弄 the week after next下下周 2.动词与介词的搭配 agree with sb.同意某人的意见 apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉 arrive at/in a place到达某地 ask for请求、寻求 be covered with被所覆盖 be made of由制成 be made up of由组成 belong to属于 break into破门而人、闯入 call on拜访 care for照顾、喜欢 carry out执行 check in办理登机 come across被理解;遇见 come from出生于、来自 come on跟我来、走吧 communicate with与交 cut down砍倒 deal with= do with处理 depend on= rely on依靠、依赖 die of因病而死 dream of梦见 dress up穿着、打扮 eat up= finish off吃光、喝完、吞噬 enter for报名参加 fall off从跌落 fill in填充、填写 find out找出、查明、了解 get along/on with进展、与相处 get in the way挡道 get in进入、收集 get on上车 get off下车 get rid of摆脱 get ready for为.作准备 get to到达 get tired of对感到厌倦 go in for参加、从事于、酷爱 ,^ go ahead先走、向前走;去吧 go for a swim去游泳 go on a diet实行节食 go over复习 go on with继续做某事 grow up长大、成长 hand in上交 hear from收到的来信 hear of听说 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 hold on等等(别挂电话) hold up举起 hurry off匆忙离开 join.n参加、加入 keep... from使不做 keep in touch with与保持联系 keep off阻挡;不让接近 knock over撞倒、撞翻 later on过来;后来 laugh at嘲笑 learn.., from向学习 leave for动身去 let out放出 line up整队;排成行 live on靠为生 look after照顾;照料 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look forward to期待着 look like看上去像;显得 look out of从朝外看 look up查寻;抬头看 make out辨认出 make up ones mind下决心 meet with遭遇 operate on sb.为动手术 pay for付钱 pick out拾起 play with玩弄 point at指向;指着 point out指出 praise sb. for sth.为某事表扬某人 prefer... to(比起来)更喜欢 prepare for准备 protect... from保护免受 pull down推倒 put off延期 put on穿;戴上;上演 put out伸出 put up举起;挂起 run after追捕;追踪 run away逃跑 search for搜寻;搜查 see off为送行 sell out售完 set out/off for出发去;起程去 set up建立;设立. shake hands with与握手 share with与分享 show off炫耀 show sb around带某人参观 shut up住口 speed up加快速度 stop...from阻止做 take away拿走 take care of照料 take charge of负责;管理; take hold of抓住 take in吸入 take off脱掉(衣物等);起飞 take out取出 take part in参加 take up开始从事 talk about谈到 talk to/with与...谈话 tell... from区别;分辨 think of想起;想到 think over仔细考虑 throw away扔掉 tie up捆绑 try on 试穿 turn down(把音量)调低 turn into变成 turn off关掉(电灯、电视、收音机等) turn on开,旋开(电灯、电视、收音机等) turn over翻车;翻阅;翻身 turn out结果是;证明是 wake up醒来;叫醒 wait for等待;等候 write down写下
3. 形容词与介词的搭配 be afraid of害怕 be angry with生气 be bad for有害于 be busy with 忙于 be careful with小心 be different from与不同 be familiar to为所熟悉 be famous for以而闻名 be fond of爱好 be good at/poor at擅长于/在方面比较差 be interested in对感兴趣 be keen on喜爱 be late for迟到 be located in/on/at位于 be pleased with对满意 be proud of为而感到自豪 be ready for为做准备 be surprised at对感到惊奇 be thankful to对很感激 be used to习惯于 be worried about为而担心 far away from离遥远 plenty of许多 4.其他介词 1)表示时间的介词 after school放学后 at first起先,开始的时候 at once=in no time立刻;马上 at present现在;目前 at the same time同时 at the moment此时;当时;目前;那时 from now on从此以后 from time to time不时;有时 in a minute一会儿 in ones fifties在某人五十多岁时 in the end=at last最后;终于 in the future在将来 in the years to come在即将来临的几年中 in time及时 out of date过时 2)表示事物之间位置的介词 at school在学校;在上课 at work在工作 in front of在前面 in hospital住院 in line成一排;成一直线 in the middle of在中间 next to紧挨着;紧靠着 on ones side在某人一边 on the right在右边 on the other hand另一方面 on show 在展出 out of从里出来;缺乏 over there在那边 up and down上上下下 3)表示方式、手段的介词 by bus乘公共汽车 by oneself亲自 by phone= on the phone打电话 by the way顺便说;顺便问一下 in a hurry匆忙 in English用英语 in ones opinion根据某人的看法 in return作为回报 instead of代替;而不是 in surprise惊奇地 in this way这样 on business有事;出差. on foot步行;走路 on holiday在休假 on the/ones way to在去的路上 with great care非常小心 with one voice异口同声 with ones own eyes亲眼(目睹) with the help of在的帮助下 4)表示原因、目的的介词 because of因为 in order to为了 for example例如 with pleasure愉快地 5)表示根据、所属、比较等的介词 according to按照 after all终究;毕竟 belong to属于 in all总共 in charge of负责 in fact事实上 in trouble处于困境中 not at all.一点也不;根本不 of course当然 the sameas与同样 work out算出;制定出(一)介词概述 介词是一种虚词,在句子中不单独作任何句子成分。它是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词。它常和名词、动词、形容词等搭配,构成固定短语,表示不同意 思。介词还可以与名词构成介词短语,表示方位、方向、时间、地点、方式、原因等。这些介词短语在句中可充当定语、状语、补语等。20002005年的中 考中主要考了形容词与介词的搭配:如:be famous for;表示时间的介词,如:at night;动词与介词的搭配,如:arrive in/have dinner with sb.;表示方式、手段的介词,如:by phone/in English. (二)基础知识梳理 1.名词与介词的搭配 a bit of有一点儿 a couple of两个、几个 a kind of一种、一类 cover an area of占地面积 have pity on sb.怜悯某人 huge amounts of大量的 make friends with与交朋友 make fun of拿开玩笑 meet the needs of迎合的需要 one after another一个接一个;连续地 play a trick on捉弄 the week after next下下周 2.动词与介词的搭配 agree with sb.同意某人的意见 apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉 arrive at/in a place到达某地 ask for请求、寻求 be covered with被所覆盖 be made of由制成 be made up of由组成 belong to属于 break into破门而人、闯入 call on拜访 care for照顾、喜欢 carry out执行 check in办理登机 come across被理解;遇见 come from出生于、来自 come on跟我来、走吧 communicate with与交 cut down砍倒 deal with= do with处理 depend on= rely on依靠、依赖 die of因病而死 dream of梦见 dress up穿着、打扮 eat up= finish off吃光、喝完、吞噬 enter for报名参加 fall off从跌落 fill in填充、填写 find out找出、查明、了解 get along/on with进展、与相处 get in the way挡道 get in进入、收集 get on上车 get off下车 get rid of摆脱 get ready for为.作准备 get to到达 get tired of对感到厌倦 go in for参加、从事于、酷爱 ,^ go ahead先走、向前走;去吧 go for a swim去游泳 go on a diet实行节食 go over复习 go on with继续做某事 grow up长大、成长 hand in上交 hear from收到的来信 hear of听说 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 hold on等等(别挂电话) hold up举起 hurry off匆忙离开 join.n参加、加入 keep... from使不做 keep in touch with与保持联系 keep off阻挡;不让接近 knock over撞倒、撞翻 later on过来;后来 laugh at嘲笑 learn.., from向学习 leave for动身去 let out放出 line up整队;排成行 live on靠为生 look after照顾;照料 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look forward to期待着 look like看上去像;显得 look out of从朝外看 look up查寻;抬头看 make out辨认出 make up ones mind下决心 meet with遭遇 operate on sb.为动手术 pay for付钱 pick out拾起 play with玩弄 point at指向;指着 point out指出 praise sb. for sth.为某事表扬某人 prefer... to(比起来)更喜欢 prepare for准备 protect... from保护免受 pull down推倒 put off延期 put on穿;戴上;上演 put out伸出 put up举起;挂起 run after追捕;追踪 run away逃跑 search for搜寻;搜查 see off为送行 sell out售完 set out/off for出发去;起程去 set up建立;设立. shake hands with与握手 share with与分享 show off炫耀 show sb around带某人参观 shut up住口 speed up加快速度 stop...from阻止做 take away拿走 take care of照料 take charge of负责;管理; take hold of抓住 take in吸入 take off脱掉(衣物等);起飞 take out取出 take part in参加 take up开始从事 talk about谈到 talk to/with与...谈话 tell... from区别;分辨 think of想起;想到 think over仔细考虑 throw away扔掉 tie up捆绑 try on 试穿 turn down(把音量)调低 turn into变成 turn off关掉(电灯、电视、收音机等) turn on开,旋开(电灯、电视、收音机等) turn over翻车;翻阅;翻身 turn out结果是;证明是 wake up醒来;叫醒 wait for等待;等候 write down写下 work out算出;制定出