2024届高三英语一轮基础阅读理解训练（2）及答案
杭州市2024高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习（2）及答案
较难题目特训：科普知识类
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Like distance runners on measured course, all of us will move through time in a roughly predictable pattern.
In the first stage of our lives, we develop and grow, reaching toward the top of physical vitality (energy).
After we grow up, however, the body begins a process of gradually wearing out.
A new awareness of physical fitness may help lengthen our years of health and vitality, yet nothing we do will work to stop the unavoidable force of aging.
Most of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body. The lungs become less able to take in oxygen. Powerful muscles gradually lose their strength. The heart loses power and pumps less blood. Bones grow easier to break.
Finally, we meet a stress, a stress that is greater than our physical resistance. Often, it is only a minor accident or chance infection (a disease caused by virus), but this time, it brings life to an end.
In 1932, a classic experiment nearly doubled the lifetime of rats, simply by cutting back the calories (unit for measuring the energy value of food)in their diet. The reason for the effect was then unknown.
Today, at the University of California at Berkley, Dr. Paul Seagle has also greatly lengthened the normal lifetime of rats. The result was achieved through a special protein (蛋白质)limited diet, which had a great effect on the chemistry of the brain. Seagle showed that within the brain, specific chemicals control many of the signals that influence aging. By changing that chemical balance, the clock of aging can be reset.
For the first time, the mystery (something that is difficult to understand or to explain)of why we age is being seriously challenged. Scientists in many fields are now making striking and far-reaching discoveries.
An average lifetime lasts 75 years, yet in each of us lies a potential for a longer life. If we could keep the vitality and resistance to disease that we have at twenty, we would live for 800 years.
1. What does the underlined word “it”refer to?
A. Physical vitality.B. Stress.C. Aging.D. Physical resistance.
2. The author believes the following EXCEPT that ______.
A. human’s life pattern is predictable
B. physical fitness can’t stop the force of aging
C. human’s lifetime will last longer than 75 years
D. all of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body
3. How did Dr Paul Seagle lengthen the lifetime of rats in his experiment?
A. By limiting the protein in their diet.
B. By cutting the calories in their diet.
C. By resetting their clock of aging.
D. By keeping their physical fitness.
4. What is probably the best title for the article?
A. Two Great Experiments.
B. The Mystery of Human Life.
C. Ways to Lengthen Human Life.
D. The Breakthrough in the Study of Aging.
【参考答案】11.BDAD
社会生活类
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The other day at a supermarket, I saw a naughty child of about six crying loudly, falling to the floor and refusing to move. All the while the troubled mother was trying to persuade him to behave well but failed. A little smack(打)on his bottom would have done the job, I thought.
Teenagers also cause discipline (纪律)problems. As a teacher I had a 16-year-old student who had fallen in love with a waiter at a fast-food restaurant. In fact, she had left home to stay with him. So we decided to put her in the school hostel. She refused. When she heard her mother begging her to stay in the hostel, she turned round and said, “Why don’t you stay in the hostel if you like it so much?”
My palms were itching to slap her for being so rude but the poor mother continued to cajole her, hoping the gentle persuasion would work wonders. It did not. Later I heard that she had run away from home again.
The list goes on and on. Could it be that today’s parents are softer and believe that they must not rod (棍棒惩罚) their children for fear of the bad result? Or do they actually believe that the children will get rid of the bad habits and behave well naturally as they grow older? I beg to disagree. I believe it is the parents’ duty to discipline the children even at a young age.
My children who are now adults will prove the fact that I used the rod when I thought it necessary. Later when they went abroad, they related to their British university friends on how they were disciplined. Their friends abroad were idled with horror and told my daughter that I could be charged with child abuse. However, my daughter showed great respect for me when she told them that she would not be where she was today if not for my strict discipline.
1. According to the passage, the author would probably ______.
A. beat the children every day
B. treat the children in a softer way
C. leave the children as they are
D. punish the children when necessary
2. The underlined word “cajole”( in Para. 3 )probably means ______.
A. persuadeB. scoldC. forgiveD. punish
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The naughty boy’s mother hit him.
B. The teacher’s daughter lived with her mother.
C. The daughter was thankful for the author’s strict discipline.
D. The author was charged with child abuse by the daughter’s friends abroad.
4. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. Spoil KidsB. Value Discipline
C. Respect Parents D. Protect Kids
【参考答案】36. DACB
【 山东省菏泽市2024高考英语一模试题】C
Valentine’s Day, for many couples, means cards, flowers, and candlelight dinners. For most couples it also means withdrawing money at the ATM to express their love. Fortunately, there are ways to save money by saving energy — even during the date — so you can spend the money you save on the things that really matter to your sweetheart. Here are five easy tips for those couples out there who want to save energy and save money:
A fireplace is always a perfect background to set up holiday decorations because of the space it provides, in addition to the grand role it plays in the house as being an important part of each room. If you plan on spending your Valentine’s Day near the fireplace, be sure to prevent the heat loss and make sure of the chimney efficiency. If you never use your fireplace, plug and seal the chimney flue.
If you plan on having a nice, romantic dinner at home and want to set the mood with proper lighting, use energy efficient light bulbs that save you money, and look for bulbs that are lower in lumens. Lumens tell you the brightness of the bulb. The lower the lumens, the weaker the light.
For those who plan to cook that romantic dinner, there are some simple energy efficient ways you can prepare that meal. For example, did you know that if you’re baking in a china or glass dish, you can typically set your oven for 25 degrees less than the recipe calls for? Learn more about saving energy while cooking.
For those couples who would like to have a movie night, plug your TV and DVD into an electronic power strip to save money on your gas of the car. By plugging in electronic devices into a power strip and turning it off when not in use, you can save up to $100 per year.
If you plan on going on a romantic “escape” from your house by car, be sure to check out these tips to reduce fuel consumption and costs.
51. How do most people spend their Valentine’s Day according to the passage?
A. They make green trips by riding bikes or walking dogs.
B. They go to visit their parents or grandparents together.
C. They stay at home making delicious food for lovers.
D. They spend money creating romantic environment.
52. What does the author advise you to do when you use a fireplace that night?
A. Try to burn less wood by covering the chimney.
B. Try to use more wood to produce more heat.
C. Try to hold more heat by using it effectively.
D. Try to make the room wetter than usual.
53. What does the author advise you to do if you choose to have dinner at home?
A. Choose the bulbs without lumens.
B. Choose the bulbs with lower lumens.
C. Choose the small bulbs with higher lumens. D. Choose the colorful bulbs as many as possible.
54. How should you cook meals according to the author?
A. Adjust electricity amount according to different dishes.
B. Set the oven for 25 degrees higher than required.
C. Try to cook all kinds of food with a china dish.
D. Try to bake some cakes in a glass dish.
55. What is the greenest way for you to see a film on Valentine’s Day?
A. Just watch a DVD at home.
B. Just see the film in the running car.
C. Go to the nearest theatre by bike.
D. “Escape” from your house by car.
【参考答案】51—55 DCBAA
【吉林省九校联合体2024高考英语二模试题】B
Endless playing of songs like All I want for Christmas in shops during the festive season doesn’t just drive us mad —the songs also make us more careless with our money, research has warned.
While repeated performance of Jingle Bells may seem like an innocent attempt to raise customers’ spirits during the nightmare of Christmas shopping, the songs also have a more delicate impact.
“Background music, or “Muzak”,can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---such as the commercialization of Christmas--- onto consumers and influence their behaviour,” experts said.
Dr. Alan Bradshaw of Royal Holloway, University of London, said, “Festive jingles are force-fed to Christmas shoppers in a bid to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy. In other words, this is an attempt to control your shopping habits in a way that you might hardly be aware of.”
“Often we are told that we have the freedom to choose where we want to shop, but during Christmas the use of music in this way is so common that our freedom to choose disappears.”
Dr. Bradshaw and Prof Morris Holbrook of Columbia University examined the phenomenon and found that retailers often “dumb down” the music played in shops to relax customers, meaning it is easier to control their behaviour.
It is thought that slowing down the rhythm of music in shops can trick customers into thinking less time has passed, and therefore spend more time examining the shelves, for example.
Some providers of background music have been known to promote their services by claiming they can boost profits by controlling the behaviour of customers.
“A common trick is to take a popular current song and record an instrumental version which can be slowed down or sped up at different time of the day to influence behaviour in different ways,” Dr. Bradshaw said.
Background music is often classed as “Muzak” in honor of the Seattle-based company which began producing its soft-sounding melodies in the 1930s.
25．According to Dr. Bradshaw, in what ways does Christmas music influence customers?
①their mood
②their income
③their sense of time
④ the sort of products they buy
A.①②③
B.①③④
C.②③④
D.①②④
26. Shopkeepers slow down the rhythm of music in shops to ___________.
A. let customers spend more time shopping
B. make customers and sales assistants relaxed
C. let customers enjoy the beautiful music
D. help customers find what they really want
27. What kind of music is now often adapted to influence customers in shops?
A. Classical music
B. Popular modern songs.
C. Folk songs.
D. Jazz music.
28. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Music makes happy Christmas
B. Christmas “Muzak”
C. How to make Christmas music?
D. Christmas music makes us spend more
【参考答案】B 25-28BABD
杭州市2024高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习（2）及答案
较难题目特训：科普知识类
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Like distance runners on measured course, all of us will move through time in a roughly predictable pattern.
In the first stage of our lives, we develop and grow, reaching toward the top of physical vitality (energy).
After we grow up, however, the body begins a process of gradually wearing out.
A new awareness of physical fitness may help lengthen our years of health and vitality, yet nothing we do will work to stop the unavoidable force of aging.
Most of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body. The lungs become less able to take in oxygen. Powerful muscles gradually lose their strength. The heart loses power and pumps less blood. Bones grow easier to break.
Finally, we meet a stress, a stress that is greater than our physical resistance. Often, it is only a minor accident or chance infection (a disease caused by virus), but this time, it brings life to an end.
In 1932, a classic experiment nearly doubled the lifetime of rats, simply by cutting back the calories (unit for measuring the energy value of food)in their diet. The reason for the effect was then unknown.
Today, at the University of California at Berkley, Dr. Paul Seagle has also greatly lengthened the normal lifetime of rats. The result was achieved through a special protein (蛋白质)limited diet, which had a great effect on the chemistry of the brain. Seagle showed that within the brain, specific chemicals control many of the signals that influence aging. By changing that chemical balance, the clock of aging can be reset.
For the first time, the mystery (something that is difficult to understand or to explain)of why we age is being seriously challenged. Scientists in many fields are now making striking and far-reaching discoveries.
An average lifetime lasts 75 years, yet in each of us lies a potential for a longer life. If we could keep the vitality and resistance to disease that we have at twenty, we would live for 800 years.
1. What does the underlined word “it”refer to?
A. Physical vitality.B. Stress.C. Aging.D. Physical resistance.
2. The author believes the following EXCEPT that ______.
A. human’s life pattern is predictable
B. physical fitness can’t stop the force of aging
C. human’s lifetime will last longer than 75 years
D. all of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body
3. How did Dr Paul Seagle lengthen the lifetime of rats in his experiment?
A. By limiting the protein in their diet.
B. By cutting the calories in their diet.
C. By resetting their clock of aging.
D. By keeping their physical fitness.
4. What is probably the best title for the article?
A. Two Great Experiments.
B. The Mystery of Human Life.
C. Ways to Lengthen Human Life.
D. The Breakthrough in the Study of Aging.
【参考答案】11.BDAD
社会生活类
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The other day at a supermarket, I saw a naughty child of about six crying loudly, falling to the floor and refusing to move. All the while the troubled mother was trying to persuade him to behave well but failed. A little smack(打)on his bottom would have done the job, I thought.
Teenagers also cause discipline (纪律)problems. As a teacher I had a 16-year-old student who had fallen in love with a waiter at a fast-food restaurant. In fact, she had left home to stay with him. So we decided to put her in the school hostel. She refused. When she heard her mother begging her to stay in the hostel, she turned round and said, “Why don’t you stay in the hostel if you like it so much?”
My palms were itching to slap her for being so rude but the poor mother continued to cajole her, hoping the gentle persuasion would work wonders. It did not. Later I heard that she had run away from home again.
The list goes on and on. Could it be that today’s parents are softer and believe that they must not rod (棍棒惩罚) their children for fear of the bad result? Or do they actually believe that the children will get rid of the bad habits and behave well naturally as they grow older? I beg to disagree. I believe it is the parents’ duty to discipline the children even at a young age.
My children who are now adults will prove the fact that I used the rod when I thought it necessary. Later when they went abroad, they related to their British university friends on how they were disciplined. Their friends abroad were idled with horror and told my daughter that I could be charged with child abuse. However, my daughter showed great respect for me when she told them that she would not be where she was today if not for my strict discipline.
1. According to the passage, the author would probably ______.
A. beat the children every day
B. treat the children in a softer way
C. leave the children as they are
D. punish the children when necessary
2. The underlined word “cajole”( in Para. 3 )probably means ______.
A. persuadeB. scoldC. forgiveD. punish
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The naughty boy’s mother hit him.
B. The teacher’s daughter lived with her mother.
C. The daughter was thankful for the author’s strict discipline.
D. The author was charged with child abuse by the daughter’s friends abroad.
4. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. Spoil KidsB. Value Discipline
C. Respect Parents D. Protect Kids
【参考答案】36. DACB
【 山东省菏泽市2024高考英语一模试题】C
Valentine’s Day, for many couples, means cards, flowers, and candlelight dinners. For most couples it also means withdrawing money at the ATM to express their love. Fortunately, there are ways to save money by saving energy — even during the date — so you can spend the money you save on the things that really matter to your sweetheart. Here are five easy tips for those couples out there who want to save energy and save money:
A fireplace is always a perfect background to set up holiday decorations because of the space it provides, in addition to the grand role it plays in the house as being an important part of each room. If you plan on spending your Valentine’s Day near the fireplace, be sure to prevent the heat loss and make sure of the chimney efficiency. If you never use your fireplace, plug and seal the chimney flue.
If you plan on having a nice, romantic dinner at home and want to set the mood with proper lighting, use energy efficient light bulbs that save you money, and look for bulbs that are lower in lumens. Lumens tell you the brightness of the bulb. The lower the lumens, the weaker the light.
For those who plan to cook that romantic dinner, there are some simple energy efficient ways you can prepare that meal. For example, did you know that if you’re baking in a china or glass dish, you can typically set your oven for 25 degrees less than the recipe calls for? Learn more about saving energy while cooking.
For those couples who would like to have a movie night, plug your TV and DVD into an electronic power strip to save money on your gas of the car. By plugging in electronic devices into a power strip and turning it off when not in use, you can save up to $100 per year.
If you plan on going on a romantic “escape” from your house by car, be sure to check out these tips to reduce fuel consumption and costs.
51. How do most people spend their Valentine’s Day according to the passage?
A. They make green trips by riding bikes or walking dogs.
B. They go to visit their parents or grandparents together.
C. They stay at home making delicious food for lovers.
D. They spend money creating romantic environment.
52. What does the author advise you to do when you use a fireplace that night?
A. Try to burn less wood by covering the chimney.
B. Try to use more wood to produce more heat.
C. Try to hold more heat by using it effectively.
D. Try to make the room wetter than usual.
53. What does the author advise you to do if you choose to have dinner at home?
A. Choose the bulbs without lumens.
B. Choose the bulbs with lower lumens.
C. Choose the small bulbs with higher lumens. D. Choose the colorful bulbs as many as possible.
54. How should you cook meals according to the author?
A. Adjust electricity amount according to different dishes.
B. Set the oven for 25 degrees higher than required.
C. Try to cook all kinds of food with a china dish.
D. Try to bake some cakes in a glass dish.
55. What is the greenest way for you to see a film on Valentine’s Day?
A. Just watch a DVD at home.
B. Just see the film in the running car.
C. Go to the nearest theatre by bike.
D. “Escape” from your house by car.
【参考答案】51—55 DCBAA
【吉林省九校联合体2024高考英语二模试题】B
Endless playing of songs like All I want for Christmas in shops during the festive season doesn’t just drive us mad —the songs also make us more careless with our money, research has warned.
While repeated performance of Jingle Bells may seem like an innocent attempt to raise customers’ spirits during the nightmare of Christmas shopping, the songs also have a more delicate impact.
“Background music, or “Muzak”,can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---such as the commercialization of Christmas--- onto consumers and influence their behaviour,” experts said.
Dr. Alan Bradshaw of Royal Holloway, University of London, said, “Festive jingles are force-fed to Christmas shoppers in a bid to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy. In other words, this is an attempt to control your shopping habits in a way that you might hardly be aware of.”
“Often we are told that we have the freedom to choose where we want to shop, but during Christmas the use of music in this way is so common that our freedom to choose disappears.”
Dr. Bradshaw and Prof Morris Holbrook of Columbia University examined the phenomenon and found that retailers often “dumb down” the music played in shops to relax customers, meaning it is easier to control their behaviour.
It is thought that slowing down the rhythm of music in shops can trick customers into thinking less time has passed, and therefore spend more time examining the shelves, for example.
Some providers of background music have been known to promote their services by claiming they can boost profits by controlling the behaviour of customers.
“A common trick is to take a popular current song and record an instrumental version which can be slowed down or sped up at different time of the day to influence behaviour in different ways,” Dr. Bradshaw said.
Background music is often classed as “Muzak” in honor of the Seattle-based company which began producing its soft-sounding melodies in the 1930s.
25．According to Dr. Bradshaw, in what ways does Christmas music influence customers?
①their mood
②their income
③their sense of time
④ the sort of products they buy
A.①②③
B.①③④
C.②③④
D.①②④
26. Shopkeepers slow down the rhythm of music in shops to ___________.
A. let customers spend more time shopping
B. make customers and sales assistants relaxed
C. let customers enjoy the beautiful music
D. help customers find what they really want
27. What kind of music is now often adapted to influence customers in shops?
A. Classical music
B. Popular modern songs.
C. Folk songs.
D. Jazz music.
28. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Music makes happy Christmas
B. Christmas “Muzak”
C. How to make Christmas music?
D. Christmas music makes us spend more
【参考答案】B 25-28BABD
