2024届高考英语（课标全国）一轮复习课件：语法突破 第9讲

　　考点 关系词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 典句示例 关系代词与关系副词的判定 4.如何选择关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。若及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词作宾语；而不及物动词则不可带宾语，故用关系副词。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 5.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 (1)one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词 (2)the only one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词 Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood. Tom isn’t the only one of the boys who have passed the exam. ＝Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam. 注意：not the only one of...＝one of... 几组关系代词的区别 用that不用which 先行词是all，much，little，few，some，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时 Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy. Please get ready for everything(that) we need. 先行词被every，all，some，much，the only，any，the few，the very，no，little，the same，the last等修饰时 This is the very book (that) I’m looking for. The only thing (that) we can do is to give you some money. 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时 This is the best film(that)I have ever seen. 先行词即指人又指物时 He talked about things and persons(that) they remembered in the school. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时 Which is the bike (that) you lost？ 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 几组关系代词的区别 the same...as与 the same...that the same...as...表示相似的东西 the same...that...表示同一人或物 This is the same knife as I lost. 这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。(相似的一个) This is the same knife that I lost. 这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。(同一个) such/so...as与 such/so...that such/so...as(定语从句)像……那样 such/so...that(状语从句)如此……以至于 This is such an easy question as I can answer. This is such an easy question that I can answer it. 几组关系代词的区别 as与which 1.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。 2.as意为“正如……，正像……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等；which意为“这一点”。 另外，as多用于下列习惯用语中： as anybody can see as we had expected as often happens as has been said before as is mentioned above Avatar is a very successful film，as is known to all. As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China. The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us. 介词＋关系代词(不可用that，who加介词) 名(代)词＋介词＋关系代词(一般作主语) I picked up the apples，some of which were bad. 数词或形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词(一般作主语) He has ten cousins，three of whom are clever. He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is clever. 介词＋关系代词(一般作状语) This is the girl from whom I learned the news. 介词短语＋关系代词(一般作状语) Jack was a famous doctor，with the help of whom they succeeded in an operation. 介词＋which＋名词(一般在句中作状语) She suffered from illness，in which case her husband had to stay home. 介词＋whose＋名词(一般作状语) He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen. from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”中的介词可根据先行词或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断 He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.(from where指from behind the door) 特殊定语从句 分裂式定语从句(先行词与关系代(副)词分隔) I was the only person in my office who was invited to the important ball. 插入式定语从句(关系代词与从句中插入一个句子) He made another great discovery，which I think is very important to science. 省略式定语从句(介词＋关系代词＋不定式) I intend to make friends with a Frenchman from whom to improve my French. 定语从句与其他从句(句型)的区别 类别 区别 例句 定语 从句与并列句 并列句有and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词。 ①I have three cars，none of ______ is in good condition. ②I have three cars，but none of ______ is in good condition. 句①中cars后面是非限制性定语从句，空格中填关系代词which； 句②中有并列连词but，题干是并列句，空格中填代词them。 类别 区别 例句 定语从 句与状 语从句 定语从句修饰、限定先行词，常放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the meeting was over？(when 引导定语从句) When the meeting was over，it was already five o’clook.(when引导时间状语从句) when，where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时不行。 This is the school where (＝in which)I once worked.(where引导定语从句) Put back the book where it was.(where引导状语从句) 定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like.(as引导定语从句，作动词like的宾语) It is such an interesting book that we all like it.(that引导结果状语从句，不充当句子成分) 类别 区别 例句 定语从句 与同位语 从句 定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与前面名词之间是同位关系。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位语从句，解释消息的内容) The news(that)you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定语从句起限制作用，表明昨天告诉的，而不是别的时间) 定语从句 与强调句 强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。当被强调部分是人时，可用who代替that。强调其他成分时一律用that，绝不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。 It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.(强调句) I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.(when引导定语从句) 谢谢观看！ 第九讲

　　定语从句 定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点，也是历年高考的热点。命题者常把重点放在对基本的关系代词和关系副词的考查上，尤其要注意关系词whose，where，when在定语从句中的用法。另外，which和as引导的非限制性定语从句以及定语从句中的介词提前也是命题的热点。 关系词的选择是高考考查的重点。做好定语从句的有关试题，必须牢记三要点： 1．分析从句是否为定语从句，而这在很大程度上取决于整句的逻辑含义。 2．分析定语从句的成分，看从句是否缺主语、宾语或状语等，因为引导(关系)词在定语从句中是必须充当一定成分的(或主语、或宾语、或状语等)。 3．观察先行词的特点：指人或是指物；或是指人又指物；是否被某些特殊词所限定、修饰，句子结构是否特别。 考点 关系词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 典句示例 关系代词与关系副词的判定 . who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略) The boy who is standing there is my cousin. whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句可省略) The man(whom)you met yesterday is Mr Smith. whose(＝the＋名词＋of whom/which＝of whom/which＋the＋名词) 人或物 定语 Do you know the boy whose father(the father of whom)is an engineer？ He lives in a house whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows)face south. which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略) Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures. The pen(which)my uncle gave me is missing As is known to all，Edison invented the electric lamp.

　　考点 关系词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 典句示例 关系代词与关系副词的判定 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略，不引导非限制性定语从句) A plane is a machine that can fly. I don’t know the man(that)you mentioned. as 人或物(在非限制性定语从句中也可指代整个句子) 主语、宾语、表语 As is known to all，Edison invented the electric lamp.

　　He is not the same man as he was. when(＝适当介词＋which) 时间 时间状语 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party. where(＝适当介词＋which) 地点 地点状语 The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. why(＝for which) 原因 原因状语 None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting. 考点 关系词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 典句示例 关系代词与关系副词的判定 1.表示时间、地点、原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，应用that或which。作宾语时，that/which也可省略。 2.当先行词是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage，job，activity等名词时，后面定语从句的关系词使用有两种情况：第一，当定语从句缺主语或宾语时，用which或that。第二，当定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时，通常用where。

　　He had to face the condition where pressure was heavy. 3.当先行词way意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有两种情况： (1)当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，用关系代词that或which。 (2)当定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语时，可用in which，that或不用任何关系词。 The way(that/in which)he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(关系词在从句中作状语，相当于in this/that way) The way(that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.(关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语) The way(that/which)he showed us leads to the small village.(way意为“道路”)

　　考点 关系词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 典句示例 关系代词与关系副词的判定 4.如何选择关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。若及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词作宾语；而不及物动词则不可带宾语，故用关系副词。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 5.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 (1)one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词 (2)the only one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词 Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood. Tom isn’t the only one of the boys who have passed the exam. ＝Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam. 注意：not the only one of...＝one of... 几组关系代词的区别 用that不用which 先行词是all，much，little，few，some，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时 Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy. Please get ready for everything(that) we need. 先行词被every，all，some，much，the only，any，the few，the very，no，little，the same，the last等修饰时 This is the very book (that) I’m looking for. The only thing (that) we can do is to give you some money. 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时 This is the best film(that)I have ever seen. 先行词即指人又指物时 He talked about things and persons(that) they remembered in the school. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时 Which is the bike (that) you lost？ 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 几组关系代词的区别 the same...as与 the same...that the same...as...表示相似的东西 the same...that...表示同一人或物 This is the same knife as I lost. 这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。(相似的一个) This is the same knife that I lost. 这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。(同一个) such/so...as与 such/so...that such/so...as(定语从句)像……那样 such/so...that(状语从句)如此……以至于 This is such an easy question as I can answer. This is such an easy question that I can answer it. 几组关系代词的区别 as与which 1.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。 2.as意为“正如……，正像……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等；which意为“这一点”。 另外，as多用于下列习惯用语中： as anybody can see as we had expected as often happens as has been said before as is mentioned above Avatar is a very successful film，as is known to all. As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China. The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us. 介词＋关系代词(不可用that，who加介词) 名(代)词＋介词＋关系代词(一般作主语) I picked up the apples，some of which were bad. 数词或形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词(一般作主语) He has ten cousins，three of whom are clever. He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is clever. 介词＋关系代词(一般作状语) This is the girl from whom I learned the news. 介词短语＋关系代词(一般作状语) Jack was a famous doctor，with the help of whom they succeeded in an operation. 介词＋which＋名词(一般在句中作状语) She suffered from illness，in which case her husband had to stay home. 介词＋whose＋名词(一般作状语) He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen. from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”中的介词可根据先行词或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断 He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.(from where指from behind the door) 特殊定语从句 分裂式定语从句(先行词与关系代(副)词分隔) I was the only person in my office who was invited to the important ball. 插入式定语从句(关系代词与从句中插入一个句子) He made another great discovery，which I think is very important to science. 省略式定语从句(介词＋关系代词＋不定式) I intend to make friends with a Frenchman from whom to improve my French. 定语从句与其他从句(句型)的区别 类别 区别 例句 定语 从句与并列句 并列句有and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词。 ①I have three cars，none of ______ is in good condition. ②I have three cars，but none of ______ is in good condition. 句①中cars后面是非限制性定语从句，空格中填关系代词which； 句②中有并列连词but，题干是并列句，空格中填代词them。 类别 区别 例句 定语从 句与状 语从句 定语从句修饰、限定先行词，常放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the meeting was over？(when 引导定语从句) When the meeting was over，it was already five o’clook.(when引导时间状语从句) when，where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时不行。 This is the school where (＝in which)I once worked.(where引导定语从句) Put back the book where it was.(where引导状语从句) 定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like.(as引导定语从句，作动词like的宾语) It is such an interesting book that we all like it.(that引导结果状语从句，不充当句子成分) 类别 区别 例句 定语从句 与同位语 从句 定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与前面名词之间是同位关系。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位语从句，解释消息的内容) The news(that)you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定语从句起限制作用，表明昨天告诉的，而不是别的时间) 定语从句 与强调句 强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。当被强调部分是人时，可用who代替that。强调其他成分时一律用that，绝不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。 It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.(强调句) I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.(when引导定语从句) 谢谢观看！ 第九讲

　　定语从句 定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点，也是历年高考的热点。命题者常把重点放在对基本的关系代词和关系副词的考查上，尤其要注意关系词whose，where，when在定语从句中的用法。另外，which和as引导的非限制性定语从句以及定语从句中的介词提前也是命题的热点。 关系词的选择是高考考查的重点。做好定语从句的有关试题，必须牢记三要点： 1．分析从句是否为定语从句，而这在很大程度上取决于整句的逻辑含义。 2．分析定语从句的成分，看从句是否缺主语、宾语或状语等，因为引导(关系)词在定语从句中是必须充当一定成分的(或主语、或宾语、或状语等)。 3．观察先行词的特点：指人或是指物；或是指人又指物；是否被某些特殊词所限定、修饰，句子结构是否特别。 考点 关系词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 典句示例 关系代词与关系副词的判定 . who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略) The boy who is standing there is my cousin. whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句可省略) The man(whom)you met yesterday is Mr Smith. whose(＝the＋名词＋of whom/which＝of whom/which＋the＋名词) 人或物 定语 Do you know the boy whose father(the father of whom)is an engineer？ He lives in a house whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows)face south. which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略) Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures. The pen(which)my uncle gave me is missing As is known to all，Edison invented the electric lamp.

　　考点 关系词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 典句示例 关系代词与关系副词的判定 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略，不引导非限制性定语从句) A plane is a machine that can fly. I don’t know the man(that)you mentioned. as 人或物(在非限制性定语从句中也可指代整个句子) 主语、宾语、表语 As is known to all，Edison invented the electric lamp.

　　He is not the same man as he was. when(＝适当介词＋which) 时间 时间状语 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party. where(＝适当介词＋which) 地点 地点状语 The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. why(＝for which) 原因 原因状语 None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting. 考点 关系词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 典句示例 关系代词与关系副词的判定 1.表示时间、地点、原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，应用that或which。作宾语时，that/which也可省略。 2.当先行词是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage，job，activity等名词时，后面定语从句的关系词使用有两种情况：第一，当定语从句缺主语或宾语时，用which或that。第二，当定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时，通常用where。

　　He had to face the condition where pressure was heavy. 3.当先行词way意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有两种情况： (1)当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，用关系代词that或which。 (2)当定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语时，可用in which，that或不用任何关系词。 The way(that/in which)he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(关系词在从句中作状语，相当于in this/that way) The way(that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.(关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语) The way(that/which)he showed us leads to the small village.(way意为“道路”)