2024高考英语一轮语法对点讲练：6 名词和主谓一致
语法对点讲练六 名词和主谓一致
一、名词
知识点讲解
1．名词的几个注意事项
①有两种复数形式的名词。
people
fish
penny
②只表示复数意义的集体名词。
people人，人们
police警察
cattle牛
③侧重成员时表示复数意义，侧重整体时表示单数意义的集体名词。
class班级
family家庭
team队
public大众
army军队
government政府
④常以复数形式出现的名词。
clothes衣服
glasses眼镜
chopsticks筷子
trousers裤子
goods商品；货物
contents目录
sands沙滩
woods森林；树林
times时代
lines台词
surroundings环境
belongings财产
earnings收入
arms武器
manners礼貌
customs海关；关税
forces军队
papers文件；试卷；论文
⑤of前的名词是picture, photo, portrait, statue等时用of所有格和双重所有格意义有区别。
⑥常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数； man和woman作定语时，其单复数根据被修饰词的单复数变化。
sports meeting运动会
sales manager销售经理
men doctors男医生
women teachers女教师
2．高考常考的名词方向
⑦名词在语法填空中会考到名词的数、所有格以及名词的构词法。
⑧短文改错题常考查名词的数和名词所有格。
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～⑧)
第一组 单项填空
1．(2024·浙江卷)As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth
B. supply
C. package
D. list
答案 __B__ 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：随着世界人口的持续增长，食物供应成了越来越担心的事。supply“供给”，符合句意。
2．(2024·江苏卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.
A. share
B. chance
C. turn
D. lead
答案 __C__ 知识点 __⑦__
解析 share“分享”； chance“机会”； turn“变化；转变”； lead“榜样；带头”，根据题意选C项。
第二组 语法填空
3．(2024·江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________ (patient)．
答案 patience 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：无论什么时候我犯错误，老师都耐心地指出来。patience是patient的名词形式，意为“耐心”，与with搭配。
4．— Do you know why Jane was so angry?
— Her roommate gave in to ________ (curious) and opened the letter addressed to her.
答案 curiosity 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：——你知道简为什么那么生气吗？——她的室友抑制不住好奇心，拆开了别人写给她的信。curiosity“好奇心”，符合语境。
5．Good shoes, clothes and a backpack are the basic ________ (equip) you need for your hiking.
答案 equipment 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：好的鞋、衣服和背包是你徒步旅行需要的基本的装备。equipment“装备；配备”。
二、语法一致
知识点讲解
①主语是可数名词时，谓语动词的数与主语的数相一致。
②and连接两个或以上单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
③指物的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
④“the number of ...”作主语时，谓语动词用单数； “a number of ...”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
⑤“a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与表计量单位的名词一致。
Five pieces of paper are painted red.
A pair of jeans costs 80 dollars.
⑥many a, more than one接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
⑦关系代词作主语，定语从句中谓语动词的数取决于先行词。
特别提示
⑧“the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句谓语动词用单数。
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
⑨“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句谓语动词用复数。
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
⑩主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, rather than等短语时，谓语动词的数与短语前名词的数保持一致。
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～⑩)
第一组 单项填空
1．(2024·福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2024 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited
B. was invited
C. have been invited
D. has been invited
答案 __B__ 知识点 __⑩__
解析 根据句子的主语the famous musician可排除A、C两项；根据the 2024 Taipei Flower Expo可排除选项D，故答案为B项。
2．(2024·湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are; is
B. are; are
C. is; are
D. is; is
答案 __A__ 知识点 __①，⑦__
解析 第一个空主语为living expenses指复数概念，所以第一个空填are；第二个空which指代around $8,450 a year，所以第二个空填is。
第二组 语法填空
3．— Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me to send money to the bank account ...
— Delete it! It's a trick. Many a person ________ (cheat) by such tricks.
答案 has_been_cheated 知识点 __⑥__
解析 many a＋单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。根据语境，强调很多人被骗这一结果，用现在完成时态。
4．The number of foreigners that came to Huaihua ________
(be) still increasing.
答案 is 知识点 __④__
解析 The number of foreigners意思是“外籍人士的数目”，为单数，故谓语动词用is。
5．Is he the only one of the students who ________ (be) here just now?
答案 was 知识点 __⑧__
解析 句意：他是唯一一个刚才在这里的学生吗？先行词为the only one of the students，是单数概念，关系代词who在定语从句中作主语，定语从句谓语动词用单数，根据从句中的时间状语“just now”可知，从句应用一般过去时。
6．The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
答案 was 知识点 __⑩__
解析 句意：因有出色的表现，篮球赛一结束，这位篮球教练以及他的队员就被采访了。主语中心词是the basketball coach，是单数，根据句意使用一般过去时。
三、意义一致
知识点讲解
①表示时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2,500 miles is a long distance.
Two hours is too short for the visit.
②分数，百分数，all, some, most, the rest, the remaining, part of等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据of后的名词决定。
特别提示
③each, one, no one, some/any/no/everybody/thing作主语或限定主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Each of us has a book.
④each, all, both用作同位语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。
We each have a book.
⑤“the＋形容词”表示一类人/物时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。
The rich are not always happy.
The beautiful is loved by all.
⑥当what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词取决于主语从句指代的意义。
What we have are only two houses.
What is interesting is that the other largest city was Rome.
⑦不可数名词、不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Swimming in the sea is great fun.
⑧family, team, group, government等集体名词若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数。
Our team wins first in the game.
My family are going on a trip this summer.
⑨people, cattle, police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
⑩可以表示民族，又可以表示语言的名词如Chinese，表示语言时，谓语动词用单数；表示民族时，谓语动词用复数。
Chinese is difficult to learn.
Chinese are a hardworking people.
population表示人口时，谓语动词用单数；当其前有分数、百分数修饰时，表示全体居民，这时谓语动词用复数。
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
A third of the population now smoke in this country.
news, maths, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～)
第一组 单项填空
1．Sitting at the back of the room ________ a very shy girl with two bright eyes, who was very sad about her marks.
A. is
B. were
C. are
D. was
答案 __D__ 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：一个有着一双明亮眼睛的很害羞的女孩坐在教室的后排，她为自己的分数感到很难过。主句中主语为a very shy girl，谓语动词用单数，由从句中的“was”可知主句也应用一般过去时，故选D项。
2．— The discussion is over. ________ everyone ready now?
— Yes, each of us ________ something to say.
A. Is; has
B. Is; have
C. Are; has
D. Are; have
答案 __A__ 知识点 __③__
解析 句意：——讨论结束了。现在大家都准备好了吗？——是的，我们每个人都有话要说。第一空，主语为everyone，谓语动词用单数；第二空，主语为each of us，谓语动词用单数。
3．When what is perfect ________， everything imperfect will pass away.
A. come
B. coming
C. comes
D. came
答案 __C__ 知识点 __⑥__
解析 句意：当完美来临时，那些不完美的便会消逝。名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；由句意可知，此处应用一般现在时，故选C项。
4．There are so many books in his study, about one third of which ________ worth reading.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案 __C__ 知识点 __②__
解析 句意：他的书房里有很多书，其中大约三分之一值得读。“分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后名词的数保持一致，关系代词which指代先行词books，结合句意可知，空处用一般现在时，故选C项。
第二组 语法填空
5．— Some of the students ________ (be) sent to hospital after the threekilometre race yesterday.
— Unbelievable! Three kilometres ________ (be) not very long.
答案 were;_is 知识点 __②，①__
解析 句意：——昨天一些学生在跑完三千米后被送到了医院。——不可思议！三千米并不太长。第一空， some of the students作主语，谓语动词用复数；第二空， three kilometres作主语，当作一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；第一空用一般过去时，第二空用一般现在时。
6．All the scientific evidence ________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ (be) damaging our health.
答案 shows;_is 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：所有的科学证据都表明：农业方面越来越多的使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康。evidence为不可数名词，谓语动词用shows，宾语从句中用动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用is。
7．Part of the family ________ (be) out on holiday.They are supposed to be back at the end of this month.
答案 are 知识点 __⑧__
解析 family指家庭整体时表单数，指家庭成员时指复数，part可指单数也可指复数，不难理解题干中的part of the family是复数概念。从题干第二个句子的意思可知，第一个句子的意思是“部分家庭成员现在正度假”，应使用一般现在时。
8．How close parents are to their children ________ (have) a strong influence on the character of the children.
答案 has 知识点 __⑦__
解析 how close parents are to their children是主语从句，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
四、邻近一致及主谓一致的特殊情况
知识点讲解
1．邻近一致
①由or, either ... or, neither ... nor, not ... but, not only ... but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数要与最靠近的主语的单复数一致。
Was he or you able to persuade her?
Neither he nor I am going to the cinema.
②在倒装句及there be, here be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数要与最靠近的一个主语一致。
On the wall hang some pictures.
There is a desk and some chairs in the room.
There are some chairs and a desk in the room.
2．主谓一致的特殊情况
③and连接并列主语如果是指同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and singer is a young lady.
④and连接的并列主语是单数概念，且前面有every, each, no等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
