2024届高考英语一轮基础知识复习：Unit 4 Sharing（新人教版选修7）

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　　Unit 4 Sharing

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2024·广东四校第一次联考)

　　The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States. The institute stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. MIT's early emphasis on applied technology at the undergraduate and graduate levels led to close cooperation with industry. Curricular reforms under Karl Compton and Vannevar Bush in the 1930s emphasized basic science. MIT was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934. Today, the institute comprises various academic departments with a strong emphasis on scientific, engineering, and technological education and research.

　　MIT is one of the most selective higher learning institutions, and received 18,357 undergraduate applicants for the class of 2024—only admitting 1,419, an acceptance rate of 7.73%.

　　MIT's 168acre campus spans approximately a mile of the north side of the Charles River basin in the city of Cambridge. The campus is divided roughly in half by Massachusetts Avenue, with most dormitories and student life facilities to the west and most academic buildings to the east. MIT's oncampus nuclear reactor is one of the most powerful universitybased nuclear reactors in the United States. In 1999 Bill Gates donated $20 million to MIT for the construction of computer laboratory named the “William H. Gates Building”. While Microsoft had previously given financial support to the institution, this was the first personal donation received from Gates. Other notable campus facilities include a pressurized wind tunnel and a towing tank for testing ship and ocean structure designs.

　　文章大意：本文主要是对麻省理工学院的概述，简单介绍了其发展及校园概貌。

　　1．From the passage, we know MIT________.

　　A．is a public research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

　　B．became a member of the Association of American Universities in 1934

　　C．was founded to improve the development of agriculture of the United States

　　D．at present puts emphasis on applied technology

　　答案：B　细节理解题。由第一段中的“MIT was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934”可知答案。

　　2．If there are 30,000 undergraduates applying for admission to MIT, only about ________ of them will succeed.

　　A．1,319

　　B．2,319

　　C．3,319

　　D．4,319

　　答案：B　推理判断题。由第二段中的“an acceptance rate of 7.73%”可知答案，故列式为30000×7.73%＝2319。

　　3．On MIT's campus, you can't find ________.

　　A．Massachusetts Avenue

　　B．a nuclear reactor

　　C．a pressurized wind tunnel

　　D．the Charles River

　　答案：D　细节理解题。由最后一段第一句“MIT's 168acre campus spans approximately a mile of the north side of the Charles River basin in the city of Cambridge”可知这条河不在麻省理工学院内。

　　4．The passage is written mainly to ________.

　　A．present Bill Gate's contributions to MIT

　　B．encourage more students to apply to MIT

　　C．give a brief introduction of MIT

　　D．attract more visitors to Massachusetts

　　答案：C　写作意图题。全文都在客观介绍麻省理工学院，故作者写此文的目的就是介绍该学校。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　(2024·洛阳统考)

　　In a food store I heard a woman say her foot was hurt and that she was going to call a cab. When walking back home I saw her outside the store, probably __1__ for a cab.

　　I asked her where she was going. She told me a place which was actually on the __2__ to the craft store I'd be __3__ to. So I asked her to __4__ the cab and I'd give her a ride. To my __5__， she said okay without __6__. I wonder if I'd have been so __7__ if a stranger made me the same offer!

　　Where she was going was __8__ on the way to where I was going. It was such a __9__ coincidence. But there was more!

　　When I had __10__ what I went for and was waiting at the checkout, the woman behind me said she had a coupon (优惠券) for 50% off any __11__ in the store. She gave it to me because she had a(n) __12__ one! I thanked and gave her a __13__ card.

　　They say what goes around comes around, but sometimes it is hard to see how that __14__ as there is often a “manifestation(显现) delay”. Each action __15__ a ripple(涟漪) that eventually __16__ back to us, but sometimes it is much __17__ so we forget their connection.

　　Today the causes and effects have appeared in a linkable manner where in __18__ I'm also opening myself to receiving gifts, now or in the future. I can learn so much from others as to how __19__ they are to receive in a way I might not have been if __20__ the same gift.

　　文章大意：俗话说，善有善报。作者在帮助了一位女士之后，又得到了另一位女士的帮助。

　　1．A.caring

　　B．waiting

　　C．applying

　　D．ordering

　　答案：B　文章开头提到听见一位女士说自己的脚受伤了，并打算叫计程车可知，此处她应该是在等计程车。

　　2．A.left

　　B．right

　　C．carriage

　　D．way

　　答案：D　她要去的地方实际上就在作者要去的工艺品店的那条路上。on the way to表示“在……的路上”。第8空后的“on the way to”也是提示。

　　3．A.driving

　　B．leading

　　C．walking

　　D．pulling

　　答案：A　根据下一句话可知，作者是开着车的。

　　4．A.take

　　B．postpone

　　C．cancel

　　D．charge

　　答案：C　根据语境可知，作者想叫这位女士取消打车，作者会载她一程。cancel“取消”。

　　5．A.sadness

　　B．amazement

　　C．respect

　　D．disappointment

　　答案：B　这位女士毫不犹豫地答应乘坐作者的车，这使作者很吃惊(amazement)。

　　6．A.hesitation

　　B．aim

　　C．doubt

　　D．delay

　　答案：A　参见上题解析。without hesitation“毫不犹豫”。

　　7．A.enthusiastic

　　B．inviting

　　C．trusting

　　D．puzzled

　　答案：C　作者想如果自己处于这种情况，是否也会这么容易相信陌生人。trusting“容易相信他人的，轻信的”。

　　8．A.very

　　B．universally

　　C．surely

　　D．right

　　答案：D　她要去的地方就在作者要去的地方的那条路上。right在此处为副词，表示“就在(某个位置或地方)”。

　　9．A.shameful

　　B．beautiful

　　C．careful

　　D．frightful

　　答案：B　根据上一句话可知，两人要去同一方向真是一个美好的巧合。此处可用排除法，结合选项可知，只有B项符合语境。

　　10．A.picked up

　　B．put up

　　C．gave up

　　D．went up

　　答案：A　当作者拿起要买的东西准备付账时，作者后面的女士说她有优惠券。pick up“拿起”。

　　11．A.load

　　B．demand

　　C．limit

　　D．item

　　答案：D　购买这家商店的任何商品都可以使用这张优惠券。item“一件商品或物品”。

　　12．A.familiar

　　B．devoted

　　C．extra

　　D．important

　　答案：C　因为这位女士还有一张优惠券，所以她把这张优惠券给了作者。extra“额外的，另外的”。

　　13．A.post

　　B．smile

　　C．note

　　D．paper

　　答案：B　作者得到了这张优惠券，当然会很高兴，于是给了女士一张微笑卡。

　　14．A.shares

　　B．compromises

　　C．recognizes

　　D．works

　　答案：D　俗话说，善有善报，但是有时很难明白是怎么回事，因为往往不是即时报。work意为“起作用”。

　　15．A.creates

　　B．freezes

　　C．ships

　　D．affects

　　答案：A　我们的每个行为都会产生涟漪。create“产生”。

　　16．A.puts

　　B．holds

　　C．comes

　　D．keeps

　　答案：C　我们的行为所产生的影响最终又会回到我们身上，即指善有善报。come back“回来”。

　　17．A.easier

　　B．funnier

　　C．later

　　D．swifter

　　答案：C　因为有时行为所产生的影响来得较迟，即不是即时报，因此我们会忘记它们之间的联系。

　　18．A.giving

　　B．appreciating

　　C．persuading

　　D．demanding

　　答案：A　在给予中，自己也得到了回馈。giving与receiving呼应。

　　19．A.close

　　B．open

　　C．confident

　　D．anxious

　　答案：B　从他人那里作者学会了应接受别人的帮助。由前一句中的“I'm also opening myself”可知，应选B项。

　　20．A.brought

　　B．learned

　　C．booked

　　D．offered

　　答案：D　此处和文章第二段的第一句话呼应，表示提供的帮助。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2024·东北师大附中三模)

　　I enjoy doing physical training in my free time. Yesterday, when I was working out at a gym on my lunch hour, I saw __1__ elderly lady there riding on a bike. She couldn't walk very well, so she had a cane (手杖) near her, __2__ she was still there __3__(work) hard. After I finished my exercising, I told her that I was going to wait for her __4__ she got done and that I would walk her out to her car. It was a little far to her car and it was a __5__(fog) day yesterday in Missouri. I walked her to the car and opened the car door for her, __6__ won me her big smile and gratitude. I know __7__ is a small thing, but I felt so good inside for helping her. __8__ my help, she could have fallen so easily out in the wet parking lot, and no one would have known she had fallen. I knew she __9__(need) my help, and her smile was enough __10__(make) my day.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：本文是一英语小故事。作者叙述了发生在自己身边的小故事，仅仅是因为自己的举手之劳让一位老太太幸福一天，老太太的微笑让作者幸福一天。送人玫瑰，手有余香。

　　1．命题立意：考查冠词用法。

　　答案：an　根据上下文，elderly lady在文中第一次出现，应用不定冠词，故填an。

　　2．命题立意：考查连词。

　　答案：but　根据空前后的分句之间的转折关系判断填but。

　　3．命题立意：考查非谓语动词的用法。

　　答案：working　根据前文的was，可知此处应用非谓语动词，she是work的动作执行者，故填working。

　　4．命题立意：考查连词用法。

　　答案：until　根据前后句的关系判断填until。

　　5．命题立意：考查形容词用法。

　　答案：foggy　空后是day，名词，应用形容词修饰，故填foggy。

　　6．命题立意：考查定语从句。

　　答案：which　空后是定语从句，which代替主句一句话的内容，在从句中作主语。故填which。

　　7．命题立意：考查代词用法。

　　答案：it　根据前文作者帮助老太太的那件事，故填it。

　　8．命题立意：考查介词用法。

　　答案：Without　根据下文的could have fallen推断是“没有我的帮助”，可知填without。

　　9．命题立意：考查时态用法。

　　答案：needed　根据前文的knew判断填needed。

　　10．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　答案：to make　be enough to do足以……。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　(2024·广西南宁市二模)

　　I threw my magazines into a waste basket and decide to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. I stared at everything as if I were looking at it the first time. The day passed fast. I looked at my watch but was surprised that it was 300 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautifully. When my uncle arrived at with a smile, I threw my arm around him to give him a warm hug. I had never done this ago. He seemed surprising and then his weatherbeaten face warmed up with the huge smile. We walked arm in arm to her car.

　　答案：

　　I threw my magazines into a waste basket and

　　to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. I stared at everything as if I were looking at it

　　the first time. The day passed fast. I looked at my watch

　　was surprised that it was 300 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked . When my uncle arrived at with a smile, I threw my

　　around him to give him a warm hug. I had never done this . He seemed

　　and then his weatherbeaten face warmed up with

　　huge smile. We walked arm in arm to

　　car.

　　1．命题立意：考查时态用法。

　　解析：decide→decided　根据前文的threw说明应用一般过去时，故decide→decided。

　　2．命题立意：考查固定短语。

　　解析：the first前加for　for the first time第一次，故the first前加for。

　　3．命题立意：考查连词用法。

　　解析：but→and　根据but前后分句是并列关系，故将but改为and。

　　4．命题立意：考查形容词用法。

　　解析：beautifully→beautiful　文中look是系动词，应用形容词，判断应将beautifully改为beautiful。