英语北师大版一轮复习讲练：Part II 语法部分 专题3 形容词和副词

　　专题三　形容词和副词

　　一、概念

　　形容词是用来修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质状态或特征的词。

　　副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构的词。

　　二、用法

　　形容词在句中可以充当定语修饰名词、代词，也可作表语表示主语的状态和特征，也可作补语和状语。副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句等，也可修饰整个句子。

　　What an interesting role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.

　　His daughter is shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.

　　You don't have to be angry with him. He merely wanted to know the truth.

　　Only when the war was over did the young soldier return to his hometown.

　　虽然形容词、副词的用法繁多，但是高考单选中对他们的考查也是有章可循的，主要体现在以下几个方面。

　　1．形容词和副词在具体语境中的运用

　　试题中提供的四个选项均属于形式相同、意义相异的形容词或副词，做题时必须根据语境，即根据上下文的意思或逻辑等来确定选项。

　　Since Tom accidentally downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.

　　It is not socially acceptable for parents to leave children unattended at that age.

　　Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a stable environment.

　　2．形容词和副词与其他词的搭配

　　英语中有些形容词和副词与名词、动词，或另一形容词等的搭配与汉语不完全一样，在平时学习中通过运用把它们掌握好。如“大”雨、“浓”雾中的“大、浓”，英语中用heavy；汉语中说人数“多”，英语中却用large；汉语中说睡得“香”，英语中却说soundly等。

　　We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining heavily.

　　The number of people present at the concert was much smaller than expected.

　　This kind of music is well worth listening to.

　　3.形容词、副词比较等的用法

　　同级比较用“as＋原级＋as”，两者比较用“比较级＋than”，三者或以上比较用“最高级＋in (of)”。

　　Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his best－known one.

　　Alan is a careful driver, but he drives the least carefully of my friends.

　　Little Mary plays the piano as beautifully as her sister.

　　注意：与比较等级有关的还有几个特殊用法需要引起我们的注意。

　　(1)“the＋比较级……，the ＋ 比较级……”表示“越……，越……”之意，前面的句子相当于条件状语从句，一般不用将来时。

　　The more you use a dictionary, the more useful you will find it to you.

　　The higher you climb the mountain, the less air you can breathe.

　　(2)“the＋比较级＋of the(两者)”表示“两者中比较……的”之意。

　　Which is the better of the two books?

　　The younger of the brothers is much clever.

　　(3)“a＋最高级”不表示“最……”，而表示“非常”。

　　This is a most difficult lesson in this book.

　　She is a most mysterious person.

　　4．形容词和副词比较级和最高级的修饰语

　　修饰比较级可用far, even, still, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any, no, very much等，修饰最高级可用 (by) far, much, nearly, almost, not quite, by no means, very, second, next 等。

　　—Are you going to the cinema this evening?

　　—No, the ticket is far too expensive for us.

　　The number of people at the concert is much smaller than expected.

　　Canada is the second largest country in the world.

　　5．形容词和副词辨析

　　英语中有些形容词和副词意思相同或相近，有时词形相近，但用法有区别，这些词也是单选的重点。

　　形容词：calm, quiet, still, silent, common, usual, regular, ordinary, likely, probable, possible

　　副词：fast, quickly, rapidly, very, far, quite, rather, hardly, mostly, almost, nearly

　　They will go fishing because the sea is calm.

　　The students were quiet when the teacher came into the classroom.

　　When I asked her where she had put the dictionary, she kept silent.

　　Please stay still when I take a photo of you.

　　6．多个形容词的排列顺序

　　一个名词有多个形容词修饰时其排列顺序通常为：描绘形容词→大小(长短高低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新旧)形容词→颜色形容词→国籍形容词→材料形容词→用途(类别)形容词→名词(动名词)。

　　The child dreamed that he had once lived in a pretty little wooden house in the forest.

　　It is said that ten strong young Chinese students are required to take part in the boat race.

　　7．something, anything等不定代词的修饰语

　　形容词用来修饰some, any, every和no构成的复合不定代词时要后置。

　　There is nothing interesting in today's newspaper.

　　I must have my car repaired because there is something wrong with it.

　　8．以a开头的形容词

　　afraid, asleep, awake, alive, aware, alike, ashamed等形容词通常在句中作表语和补语。

　　Are you aware that you are sitting on my hat?

　　The witch put the princess under a spell, and she fell asleep for ten years.

　　When the mother went into the room, she found the baby awake.

　　9.副词enough的位置

　　enough修饰形容词和副词时要后置。

　　He is old enough to support himself.

　　Sorry. You didn't say it clearly enough.

　　10．有－ly与无－ly的副词

　　有些单词本身是副词，加上－ly后同样是副词。一般无ly的副词表示具体的含义，而有ly的副词表示抽象的含义。

　　close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地”。

　　late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”。

　　deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。

　　high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。

　　wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地；在许多地方”。

　　free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”。

　　高考真题探究（2006—2011年）

　　【2011全国卷,30】The form cannot be signed by anyone

　　yourself.

　　A.rather than

　　B.other than

　　C.more than

　　D.better than

　　B

　　【考点】考查副词短语的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“这张表格只能由你本人签字。”rather than而不；other than除了，相当于but和except；more than不仅仅；better than比…多、好。选B。

　　2011全国卷II,12】It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is

　　another to play it well yourself.

　　A. quite

　　B. very

　　C. rather

　　D. much

　　A

　　【考点】考查程度副词的区别。

　　【解析】句意为“欣赏好的音乐是一回事，但是自己把它演奏好完全是另一回事。”表示“很，非常”时，very用来修饰形容词、副词或分词形容词，much用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级、最高级，也可修饰形容词性的过去分词或描述性形容词的原级；quite和rather都可修饰名词，但rather多用于贬义；another指的是another thing，这个名词受quite的修饰。因此选A。

　　2011全国卷II,17】Mr. Stevenson is great to work for ——I really couldn't ask for a _______ boss.

　　A. better

　　B. good

　　C. best

　　D. still better

　　A

　　【考点】考查比较级的否定用法。

　　【解析】句意为“为Stevenson先生工作真好，我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。”否定词couldn't与better连用，表示“非常好”，等于最高级；still better不能用于否定句中。因此选A。

　　2011上海春招,28】You’d be exposed to a lot ______ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air.

　　A. more B. most C. less D. least

　　C

　　【考点】考查形容词比较级的用法。

　　【解析】句意为“如果我们搬到空气清新、水质纯净的小镇去，我们受到的污染将会少得多。”空格前的a lot修饰比较级more或less，根据后面的语意，选C。

　　2011江苏卷,25】In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _________.

　　A．special

　　B．regional

　　C．optional

　　D．original

　　C

　　【考点】考查形容词的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“在那所学校，英语是学生的必修课，而法语和俄语是选修课。”special特别的，特意的；regional地区的，地方的；optional可选择的；original原始的，最初的。句中由but进行转折，由此可知法语和俄语不是必修课而是可以选修，所以正确答案为C。

　　2011福建卷,30】Nowedays, there is a

　　increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to drevelop their talents.

　　A.sharp

　　B.slight

　　C.natural

　　D.modest

　　A

　　【考点】考查形容词的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“现在的孩子们在创造力上有很大的提高，因为他们被极力地鼓励着去发展他们的天赋。”sharp明显的，急剧的；slight轻微的，稍稍的；natural自然的，天生的；modest谦虚的，不过分的。因此选A。

　　2011安徽卷,31】_____, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

　　A. Hopefully

　　B. Normally

　　C. Thankfully

　　D. Conveniently

　　C

　　【考点】考查副词的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“庆幸的是，我终于打完了比赛，其中的辛苦没有白费。”hopefully充满希望地；normally正常地；thankfully庆幸地；conveniently方便地。根据句意，选C。

　　2011浙江卷,9】The professor could tell by the

　　___________look in Maria’s eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture

　　A. cold

　　B. blank

　　C. innocent

　　D. fresh

　　B

　　【考点】考查形容词的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“根据Maria茫然的眼神，这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的内容连一个字也没有听懂。”cold冰冷的；blank空虚的，茫然的；innocent无辜的；fresh新鲜的。根据后面didn't understand，选B。

　　2011浙江卷,13】I’ve been writing this report____ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.

　　A. finally

　　B. immediately

　　C. occasionally

　　D. certainly

　　C

　　【考点】考查副词的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“在过去的两周里，我是时续时断地写这个报告，可是这个报告明天就得交了。”finally最终地；immediately立即，马上；occasionally偶尔地；certainly肯定地。根据but it has to be handed in tomorrow句意，选C。

　　2011浙江卷,16】My schedule is very ______right now, but I’ll try to fit you in.

　　A. tight

　　B. short

　　C. regular

　　D. flexible

　　A

　　【考点】考查形容词的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“现在，我的计划很紧凑，但我会尽力把你安排进去。”tight

　　(安排)紧凑的, 紧密的；short简短的，短缺的, 不够；regular有规律的, 定期的，符合规定的；flexible柔韧的，灵活的，可变通的。

　　2011四川卷,12】——How are your recent trip to Sichuan?

　　——I’ve never had

　　one before.

　　A.a pleasant

　　B.a more pleasant

　　C.a most pleasant

　　D.the most pleasant

　　B

　　【考点】考查比较级的否定用法。

　　【解析】句意为“——最近你到四川的旅行怎么样？——从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与a more pleasant连用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高级。the most pleasant是特指，需要有比较的范围，但是这个范围并不存在。因此选B。

　　2011陕西卷,17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be

　　the present one。

　　A.as three times big as

　　B. three times as big as

　　C. as big as three times

　　D. as big three times as

　　B

　　【考点】考查倍数的表达法。

　　【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小。”表示倍数的词做修饰语时，放在as的前面，即“倍数 + as + adj + as”， 因此选B。

　　2011湖北卷,23】The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was________，though slow.

　　A. shaky

　　B. heavy

　　C. casual

　　D. steady

　　D

　　【考点】考查形容词的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“这位年长的工程师，古铜色的脸上布满皱纹，但目光炯炯。当他走过房间时，步子虽慢但是沉稳。”shaky颤抖的；heavy沉重的；casual漠不关心的，冷淡的；steady稳定的。根据前面的交代，选D。

　　2011湖北卷,24】An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s characters; however, they are not always_________,

　　A. practical

　　B. avoidable

　　C. permanent

　　D. beneficial

　　C

　　【考点】考查形容词的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“不幸的童年可能会对人的性格产生一些消极的影响；然而，这些影响不总是持久的。”practical实际的，实用的；avoidable可避免的；permanent永久的，持久的；beneficial有益的。根据语意，选择C。

　　2011湖北卷,25】The state-run company is required to make its accounts as_________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.

　　A. transparent

　　B. reasonable

　　C. secure

　　D. formal

　　A

　　【考点】考查形容词的辨义。

　　【解析】句意为“这家国营企业被要求财务尽可能做到透明，以便公司的员工能对金钱的使用加以监督。”transparent透明的；reasonable合理的；secure安全的；formal正式的。根据句意，选A。

　　2011江西卷24】——The film is , I have to say, not a bit interesting.

　　Why? It’s ______ than the films I have ever seen.

　　A. far more interesting