2024高考英语冲刺讲义:四 动词和短语动词

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2024高考英语冲刺讲义:四 动词和短语动词

  四、动词和短语动词

  知识网络

  动词的分类 行为动词(实义动词)

  ①及物动词(带宾语):study, develop;

  ②不及物动词(不带宾语)work, swim, go, come

  ③状态动词(相对静止)contain, exist, own, prefer, belong

  ④动作动词:延续性(work, stay);非延续性(marry, go, come)

  连系动词(汉语中没有这种词类)

  助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语)

  be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall

  情态动词

  can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)

  短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点

  动词+副词及物不及物

  Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.

  晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。注意:如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开

  She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间She gave them away.她送掉了它们。③同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上的差异ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话put away放好 put on穿,上演 put up挂起,举起。④不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上的差异break out发生,爆炸 carry out进行,开展 go out熄灭hand out分发let out放出look out当心sell out卖完set out出发, take out取出work out算出

  动词+介词(及物)

  I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。

  注意:当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上的差异。look after照料,look at看,look for寻找

  动词+副词+介词

  I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。

  注:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 考点聚焦及解题点拨

  (单个动词)同义词近义词辨析 从三个方面考虑:词的恰切含义、搭配(与介词、名词或非谓语动词的搭配)和用法(是及物动词还是不及物动词)

  系动词的用法 状态系动词be

  持续系动词keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest

  表象系动词seem,appear

  感官系动词look,smell,taste,sound,feel

  变化系动词become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come

  终止系动词prove,turn out

  解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意,然后是分析句子结构,由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词,最后确定所要填入的答案。特别关注:go hungry,come true,turn writer

  give sb. sth=give sth.to sb

  buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb

  但是我们只能说:suggest sth. to sb.

  explain sth.to sb.

  read sth. to sb.

  短语动词的辨析 熟记常考的短语动词的意义

  容易被我们忽视的知识点 sell, write, wash, wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义

  happen, occur,take place, break out, come out, belong to等无被动形式

  四、动词和短语动词

  知识网络

  动词的分类 行为动词(实义动词)

  ①及物动词(带宾语):study, develop;

  ②不及物动词(不带宾语)work, swim, go, come

  ③状态动词(相对静止)contain, exist, own, prefer, belong

  ④动作动词:延续性(work, stay);非延续性(marry, go, come)

  连系动词(汉语中没有这种词类)

  助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语)

  be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall

  情态动词

  can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)

  短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点

  动词+副词及物不及物

  Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.

  晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。注意:如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开

  She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间She gave them away.她送掉了它们。③同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上的差异ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话put away放好 put on穿,上演 put up挂起,举起。④不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上的差异break out发生,爆炸 carry out进行,开展 go out熄灭hand out分发let out放出look out当心sell out卖完set out出发, take out取出work out算出

  动词+介词(及物)

  I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。

  注意:当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上的差异。look after照料,look at看,look for寻找

  动词+副词+介词

  I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。

  注:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 考点聚焦及解题点拨

  (单个动词)同义词近义词辨析 从三个方面考虑:词的恰切含义、搭配(与介词、名词或非谓语动词的搭配)和用法(是及物动词还是不及物动词)

  系动词的用法 状态系动词be

  持续系动词keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest

  表象系动词seem,appear

  感官系动词look,smell,taste,sound,feel

  变化系动词become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come

  终止系动词prove,turn out

  解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意,然后是分析句子结构,由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词,最后确定所要填入的答案。特别关注:go hungry,come true,turn writer

  give sb. sth=give sth.to sb

  buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb

  但是我们只能说:suggest sth. to sb.

  explain sth.to sb.

  read sth. to sb.

  短语动词的辨析 熟记常考的短语动词的意义

  容易被我们忽视的知识点 sell, write, wash, wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义

  happen, occur,take place, break out, come out, belong to等无被动形式