五年高考（2011-2024）英语试题分项精解：专题15 阅读理解之文化教育记类（原卷版）

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　　精品5年高考分类精编之专题25 阅读理解之文化教育记类

　　2024文化教育类

　　【2024·湖北卷】E

　　Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.

　　Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?

　　To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.

　　On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.

　　67.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________.

　　A. illustrate where science can be applied

　　B. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book

　　C. remind the reader of the importance of science

　　D. explain why many writers use science in their works

　　68.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?

　　A. Its strong basis.

　　B. Its convincing points.

　　C. Its clear writing.

　　D. Its memorable characters.

　　69.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?

　　A. Contradictory.

　　B. Supportive.

　　C . Cautious.

　　D. Critical.

　　70.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?

　　A. Problems with the book.

　　B. Brooks’s life experience.

　　C. Death of the characters.

　　D. Brooks’s translation skills.

　　【2024·北京卷】D

　　Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.

　　An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys (调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.

　　However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.

　　In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents - today’s grandparents - would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.

　　Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.

　　Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.

　　67. The surveys inform us of ______.

　　A. the development of technology

　　B. the changes of adult children’s behavior

　　C. the parents’ over-protection of their college children

　　D. the means and expenses of students’ communication

　　68. The writer believes that ______.

　　A. parents today are more protective than those in the past

　　B. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages

　　C. technology explains greater parental involvement with their children

　　D. parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence

　　69. What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. Technology or Attitude

　　B. Dependence or Independence

　　C. Family Influence or Social Changes

　　D. College Management or Communication Advancement

　　70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?

　　【2024·广东】B

　　When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?

　　As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun huts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them..

　　When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.

　　31.

　　Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?

　　A. He could not catch a fish.

　　B. His father was not patient with him.

　　C. His father did not teach him fishing.

　　D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.

　　32. What did the author’s father really mean?

　　A. To read about fish.

　　B. To learn fishing by oneself.

　　C. To understand what fish think.

　　D. To study fishing in many ways.

　　33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________.

　　A. in deep water on sunny days

　　B. in deep water on cloudy days

　　C. in shallow water under sunlight

　　D. in shallow water under waterside trees.

　　34.

　　After entering the business world, the author found _________.

　　A. it easy to think like a customer

　　B. his father’s fishing advice inspiring

　　C. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable

　　D. it difficult to sell services to poor people

　　35.

　　This passage most likely comes from _________.

　　A. a fishing guide

　　B. a popular sales book

　　C. a novel on childhood

　　D. a millionaire’s biography

　　【2024·陕西】D

　　Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.

　　The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.

　　Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice."

　　Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.

　　Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success." A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."

　　58.

　　The underlined expression "parental involvement " in Paragraph 1 probably means

　　A. parents' expectation on children's health

　　B. parents' participation in children's education

　　C. parents' control over children's life

　　D. parents' plan for children's future

　　59. What is the major finding of Robinson's study ?

　　A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.

　　B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.

　　C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.

　　D. Parents are not able to help with children’s homework.

　　60.

　　The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should

　　A. help children realize the importance of schooling

　　B. set a specific life goal for their children

　　C. spend more time improving their own lives

　　D. take a more active part in school management

　　【2024·浙江】B

　　Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information especially numbers， percentages, and other data . A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more pages and pages and pages explaining the data .

　　Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title ,a main idea ,and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text .

　　Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key ,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner, Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures.

　　Bar Graphs

　　A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show

　　amounts. In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades

　　that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many

　　students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students

　　earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the

　　vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can

　　get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).

　　Line Graphs

　　A line graph looks similar to a bar graph ,but instead of

　　Bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph – two labeled axes –and can be read the same way .To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line

　　segments between the points, This type of graph is most

　　commonly used to show how something changes over time.

　　Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first Five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2).

　　The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer

　　kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird’s migration.

　　Pie Graphs

　　A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.

　　A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month’s expense, (See Graph 3 ).

　　Food $ 25

　　Movies $ 12

　　Clothing $ 36

　　Savings $ 20

　　Books $ 7

　　46.

　　When used in a graph，a legend is_____

　　A. a guide to the symbols and colors

　　B. an introduction paragraph

　　C. the main idea

　　D. the data