2024届高考英语二轮语法专项复习课件：专题11 特殊句式（新人教版）
一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 一、完全倒装的具体应用 1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词,如:there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away等位于句首,且句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词时,可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前构成完全倒装。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。 There comes the bus. Here he comes. 2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常用全部倒装。 South of the city lies a factory. 3.such作表语置于句首时。 Such would be our home in the future. 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 4.表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1)形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. (2)过去分词+连系动词+主语 Gone are the days when they walked to work. (3)介词短语+be+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 二、部分倒装的具体应用 1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等否定意义的词组开头时,要用部分倒装语序。 Never will he come back to the factory. In no case will he give it up. 2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头,说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装,其常见句型是:so/neither/nor+be (have/do等助动词或情态动词)+主语。 Tom likes English,and so do I. 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 3.在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中,为了强调,把so/such提到句首时,主谓要倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的可数名词单数前不用任何冠词。 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”放句首时不倒装。 Only in this way can you learn English well. Only you can help me. 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 May you succeed! 8.neither...nor...连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句都要用倒装形式。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it. 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 三、强调句型 1.强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分不指人时,切不可因为强调的是时间、地点、原因或方式等状语而用when,where,why或how,此时要用that。如: It is when he got back that he knew what had happened. 他回来后才知道所发生的情况。
当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应与主语一致,即人称和数要一致。如: It is my mother who cooks every day. 每天煮饭的是我妈妈。 It is he who is wrong.是他错了。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 2.强调not until结构 It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why she was angry with him. 直到母亲把一切都告诉他,杰克才明白母亲为什么生他的气。 3.强调句的疑问句 (1)一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分? Was it during the Anti-Japanese War that he died? 他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗? (2)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(What/Who/When/Why/Where/How)+is/was it+that/who+句子其他成分? Why is it that smoking is not allowed here? 为什么这儿不允许吸烟? 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 四、not,so,neither,nor的替代性省略 动词believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,suppose,think等和I’m afraid后面可用替代词so或not来避免重复前面提到的内容。表示肯定意义时,以上动词都可与so搭配;但表示否定意义时,hope与guess只用I hope not和I guess not的形式,而think,believe,suppose等词可有两种形式,即:I think not和I don’t think so。如: —Do they mind you smoking there? ——你在那儿抽烟,他们介意吗? —I don’t think so/I think not.——我想不会。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 五、反意疑问句 反意疑问句由两部分构成,即:陈述部分+疑问部分。陈述部分是肯定句时,疑问部分用否定形式,否定形式必须缩写;陈述部分是否定句时,疑问部分用肯定形式,即“前肯定,后否定;前否定,后肯定”。疑问部分的主语必须用代词。陈述部分和后面的疑问部分的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 六、祈使句 祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。 1.祈使句的肯定式、否定式和强调式 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you,但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t,也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。 Pass the book to me. 把那本书递给我。 Don’t talk about it again.不要再谈论这件事了。 Do come tomorrow.明天一定要来啊。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 2.含有主语的祈使句 有时为了表示强调、对比或表达说话者的愤怒、生气等感情时,祈使句前面可以加主语(you),有时还同时加称呼语。 You clean the blackboard.你去擦黑板。 Jack,you go with me.杰克,你和我一起去。 3.“祈使句/名词词组+and/or (else)+陈述句”结构的用法 祈使句(或名词词组)是后面陈述句的条件,陈述句多使用一般将来时。如果前后两个句子之间是顺承关系,用连词and;如果是转折关系,用连词or。 Study hard and you will succeed. 努力学习,你将取得成功。 Start out right away,or you’ll miss the first train. 立刻出发,否则的话,你将要错过早班车。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 七、感叹句 感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。 1.what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! What a simple question you asked! 你问了一个多么简单的问题啊! What lovely children they are! 他们是多么可爱的孩子啊! What great progress he made! 他取得了多么大的进步啊! 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 2.how引导的感叹句 How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! How+主语+谓语! How interesting a story it is!=What an interesting story it is! 这是多么有趣的一个故事啊! How cold it is today!今天好冷啊! How time flies!时间过得真快啊!
在口语或非正式文体中,感叹句中的主语和谓语可以省略。 What a pity!多可惜啊! How nice!多美啊! 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 八、there be句型的变化 1.there be句式中的be可以有不同的时态,可以和助动词或情态动词连用。 There have been many great changes in our country since then. 从那时以来我们国家有很大变化。 There must be a mistake somewhere. 某个地方一定存在错误。 2.there be句式中的be有时可以用seem to be,appear to be,happen to be,used to be,have to be,be expected to be等代替。 There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有一个人路过。 There seems to be an announcement about the project. 关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 3.there be句式中的be可以用remain,live,stand,lie,exist等不及物动词替代。 There lies a dog in the yard.院子里躺着一条狗。 There stands a temple on the hill.山上有座庙。 4.there be结构的非谓语形式 there be结构的非谓语形式有两种基本形式:there being 和there to be。 There being no further business,I declared the meeting closed. 没有更多的事情,我宣布会议结束。 I can’t imagine there being such a quiet place here. 我很难想象在这儿有如此安静的一个地方。 The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams. 学生们希望在期末考试前有更多的复习课。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 5.there be结构的反意疑问句 there be结构用在反意疑问句中时,其反意疑问部分还要用there,而不用句中的主语,结构为“be/助动词/情态动词(+not)+there”。 There are many remarks on the film,aren’t there? 对这部电影有许多评论,是吗? There seems to be no sign that it’ll be fine,does there? 天气没有好转的迹象,是吗? 6.there be结构的固定句型 There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义。 There is no doubt about.../that...毫无疑问…… There is no need for sth./to do sth.某事没有必要/没有必要做某事。 There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.(做)……事情(没)有困难/麻烦。 There is(no)possibility of(doing)sth./that...(做)……事情(没)有可能性。 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真题变式训练) 1.Not only the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 2. (call) me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. 3.It was the culture,rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 4.Only when you can find peace in your heart
(you keep) good relationships with others. 5. (make) what you’re doing today important,because you’re trading a day of your life for it. do
Call
that will you keep
Make
Ⅰ Ⅱ 6.It’s not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy. 7.No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 8.Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry? 9.Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. 10.—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you? that
had
that
and
didn’t
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅱ.单句改错 1.So loudly he spoke that even people in the next room could hear him. 2.Only when he returned home he realized what had happened. 3.Try although he might,he couldn’t open the door. 4.It was 9 o’clock that he came back last night. 5.Following the road round to the right and you’ll find his house. 答案: he spoke→did he speak
答案:he realized→did he realize
答案:although→though/as
答案:that→when/在was后加at
答案:Following→Follow
Ⅰ Ⅱ 6.How fun it will be when we all go on holiday together. 7.You must have read about Mark Twain long ago,mustn’t you? 8.—Do you know when it was that they got to know each other? —It was last year that they both taught Chinese in Scotland. 9.I don’t think David could have done such a stupid thing last night,didn’t he? 10.Wow,you are in high spirits.What is it makes you so happy? 答案:How→What
答案:mustn’t→didn’t
答案:last year后的that→when
答案:didn’t→did
答案:it后加that
* * * * * * * *
一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 一、完全倒装的具体应用 1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词,如:there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away等位于句首,且句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词时,可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前构成完全倒装。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。 There comes the bus. Here he comes. 2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常用全部倒装。 South of the city lies a factory. 3.such作表语置于句首时。 Such would be our home in the future. 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 4.表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1)形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. (2)过去分词+连系动词+主语 Gone are the days when they walked to work. (3)介词短语+be+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 二、部分倒装的具体应用 1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等否定意义的词组开头时,要用部分倒装语序。 Never will he come back to the factory. In no case will he give it up. 2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头,说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装,其常见句型是:so/neither/nor+be (have/do等助动词或情态动词)+主语。 Tom likes English,and so do I. 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 3.在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中,为了强调,把so/such提到句首时,主谓要倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的可数名词单数前不用任何冠词。 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”放句首时不倒装。 Only in this way can you learn English well. Only you can help me. 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 May you succeed! 8.neither...nor...连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句都要用倒装形式。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it. 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 三、强调句型 1.强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分不指人时,切不可因为强调的是时间、地点、原因或方式等状语而用when,where,why或how,此时要用that。如: It is when he got back that he knew what had happened. 他回来后才知道所发生的情况。
当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应与主语一致,即人称和数要一致。如: It is my mother who cooks every day. 每天煮饭的是我妈妈。 It is he who is wrong.是他错了。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 2.强调not until结构 It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why she was angry with him. 直到母亲把一切都告诉他,杰克才明白母亲为什么生他的气。 3.强调句的疑问句 (1)一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分? Was it during the Anti-Japanese War that he died? 他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗? (2)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(What/Who/When/Why/Where/How)+is/was it+that/who+句子其他成分? Why is it that smoking is not allowed here? 为什么这儿不允许吸烟? 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 四、not,so,neither,nor的替代性省略 动词believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,suppose,think等和I’m afraid后面可用替代词so或not来避免重复前面提到的内容。表示肯定意义时,以上动词都可与so搭配;但表示否定意义时,hope与guess只用I hope not和I guess not的形式,而think,believe,suppose等词可有两种形式,即:I think not和I don’t think so。如: —Do they mind you smoking there? ——你在那儿抽烟,他们介意吗? —I don’t think so/I think not.——我想不会。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 五、反意疑问句 反意疑问句由两部分构成,即:陈述部分+疑问部分。陈述部分是肯定句时,疑问部分用否定形式,否定形式必须缩写;陈述部分是否定句时,疑问部分用肯定形式,即“前肯定,后否定;前否定,后肯定”。疑问部分的主语必须用代词。陈述部分和后面的疑问部分的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 六、祈使句 祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。 1.祈使句的肯定式、否定式和强调式 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you,但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t,也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。 Pass the book to me. 把那本书递给我。 Don’t talk about it again.不要再谈论这件事了。 Do come tomorrow.明天一定要来啊。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 2.含有主语的祈使句 有时为了表示强调、对比或表达说话者的愤怒、生气等感情时,祈使句前面可以加主语(you),有时还同时加称呼语。 You clean the blackboard.你去擦黑板。 Jack,you go with me.杰克,你和我一起去。 3.“祈使句/名词词组+and/or (else)+陈述句”结构的用法 祈使句(或名词词组)是后面陈述句的条件,陈述句多使用一般将来时。如果前后两个句子之间是顺承关系,用连词and;如果是转折关系,用连词or。 Study hard and you will succeed. 努力学习,你将取得成功。 Start out right away,or you’ll miss the first train. 立刻出发,否则的话,你将要错过早班车。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 七、感叹句 感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。 1.what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! What a simple question you asked! 你问了一个多么简单的问题啊! What lovely children they are! 他们是多么可爱的孩子啊! What great progress he made! 他取得了多么大的进步啊! 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 2.how引导的感叹句 How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! How+主语+谓语! How interesting a story it is!=What an interesting story it is! 这是多么有趣的一个故事啊! How cold it is today!今天好冷啊! How time flies!时间过得真快啊!
在口语或非正式文体中,感叹句中的主语和谓语可以省略。 What a pity!多可惜啊! How nice!多美啊! 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 八、there be句型的变化 1.there be句式中的be可以有不同的时态,可以和助动词或情态动词连用。 There have been many great changes in our country since then. 从那时以来我们国家有很大变化。 There must be a mistake somewhere. 某个地方一定存在错误。 2.there be句式中的be有时可以用seem to be,appear to be,happen to be,used to be,have to be,be expected to be等代替。 There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有一个人路过。 There seems to be an announcement about the project. 关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 3.there be句式中的be可以用remain,live,stand,lie,exist等不及物动词替代。 There lies a dog in the yard.院子里躺着一条狗。 There stands a temple on the hill.山上有座庙。 4.there be结构的非谓语形式 there be结构的非谓语形式有两种基本形式:there being 和there to be。 There being no further business,I declared the meeting closed. 没有更多的事情,我宣布会议结束。 I can’t imagine there being such a quiet place here. 我很难想象在这儿有如此安静的一个地方。 The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams. 学生们希望在期末考试前有更多的复习课。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 5.there be结构的反意疑问句 there be结构用在反意疑问句中时,其反意疑问部分还要用there,而不用句中的主语,结构为“be/助动词/情态动词(+not)+there”。 There are many remarks on the film,aren’t there? 对这部电影有许多评论,是吗? There seems to be no sign that it’ll be fine,does there? 天气没有好转的迹象,是吗? 6.there be结构的固定句型 There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义。 There is no doubt about.../that...毫无疑问…… There is no need for sth./to do sth.某事没有必要/没有必要做某事。 There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.(做)……事情(没)有困难/麻烦。 There is(no)possibility of(doing)sth./that...(做)……事情(没)有可能性。 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真题变式训练) 1.Not only the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 2. (call) me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. 3.It was the culture,rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 4.Only when you can find peace in your heart
(you keep) good relationships with others. 5. (make) what you’re doing today important,because you’re trading a day of your life for it. do
Call
that will you keep
Make
Ⅰ Ⅱ 6.It’s not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy. 7.No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 8.Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry? 9.Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. 10.—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you? that
had
that
and
didn’t
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅱ.单句改错 1.So loudly he spoke that even people in the next room could hear him. 2.Only when he returned home he realized what had happened. 3.Try although he might,he couldn’t open the door. 4.It was 9 o’clock that he came back last night. 5.Following the road round to the right and you’ll find his house. 答案: he spoke→did he speak
答案:he realized→did he realize
答案:although→though/as
答案:that→when/在was后加at
答案:Following→Follow
Ⅰ Ⅱ 6.How fun it will be when we all go on holiday together. 7.You must have read about Mark Twain long ago,mustn’t you? 8.—Do you know when it was that they got to know each other? —It was last year that they both taught Chinese in Scotland. 9.I don’t think David could have done such a stupid thing last night,didn’t he? 10.Wow,you are in high spirits.What is it makes you so happy? 答案:How→What
答案:mustn’t→didn’t
答案:last year后的that→when
答案:didn’t→did
答案:it后加that
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