2024届高考英语二轮复习针对训练：专题4 语法填空和短文改错第3讲语法专题 1 名词和冠词（通用版）

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　　名词和冠词

　　[专项训练]【名词】单句语法填空(2024·高考安徽卷改编)—Why not buy a secondhand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?____________(suggest)．解析：句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车的话为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？——好主意。good是形容词修饰名词故设空处答案：suggestionloped a ____________(tasty) for fine art.

　　解析：句意：在巴黎期间她培养了对美术的兴趣。冠词a后加名词故填taste。答案：taste____________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.

　　解析：句意：我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且有思想的年轻人。my first修饰名词再根据后面的谓语动词为was故用单数形式。答案：impression____________(recognize)．解析：句意：从Sara还是个小女孩时起我就没再见过她她现在已经变得让我认不出了。beyond为介词故后接名词并且beyond recognition为固定搭配意为“难以辨认”。答案：recognition____________(solve)．解析：句意：学校顾问会帮你梳理一下你的问题但是他们不会给你任何直接的解决方法。设空处前面有动词give故需要填一个名词来作动词的宾语。答案：solution(2024·福建福州质检改编)—We’ve been destroying lots of forests every year.！We’ll be the ____________(victim) of our own foolish behavior.解析：句意：——我们每年都破坏大量森林。——太可惜了！我们会成为自己这种愚蠢行为的受害者。主语we表示复数故设空处也应用复数故填victims。答案：victims____________(sign) to show that a new，different city is coming out of its dark past.

　　解析：句意：有迹象表明一座全新的、不同的城市正摆脱它黑暗的过去。根据there are可知后面的名词需要用复数形式。答案：signs____________(ruin) just because people were unwilling to cooperate.

　　解析：句意：因为人们不愿意合作致使这个计划被毁坏。此处in ruins为习惯搭配意为“毁坏”。答案：ruins____________(different)．解析：句意：这项工作对他来说有点难他做了各种各样的努力但没有什么成效。make a difference“起作用；有影响”此处的make little difference表示“没有多大作用”。答案：difference____________(knife) in the thief’s room，which were used to open safes.

　　解析根据a few可知knife需要用复数形式根据以fe结尾的名词变复数的规则可知knife的复数形式为knives。答案：knives单句改错(2024·高考浙江卷·短文改错)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.解析：由其前的three可知此处名词side应为复数形式表示“教室的三面”。答案：side—sides(2024·高考陕西卷·短文改错)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.解析：step为可数名词前面有some修饰故用复数形式。答案：step—steps(2024·高考辽宁卷·短文改错)We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking.解析：time在此处为可数名词意为“次数”。由上文的several可知此处应用复数形式。答案：time—times(2024·福建漳浦三中调研改编)If you want to own an iPhone 6 ahead________________

　　解析：句意：如果你想提前拥有一台苹果6手机你将不得不预定否则你就要等一段时间了。根据a可知后面应为名词。答案：reserve—reservation____________________________________________________________

　　解析：句意：一项新的研究表明如果你的朋友和家人变胖了那么你也有可能会变胖。the chances are that...意为“可能……”。答案：chance—chancese on his farm.

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　　解析：根据句意可知应用sheep的复数形式。根据名词复数的变化规则可知的单复数同形。答案：sheeps—sheepafter being admitted to hospital.

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　　解析：句意：约翰和汤姆的妈妈被接收入院后五个小时都不省人事。由题干was可知此处主语是单数形式表示“约翰和汤姆共有的妈妈”所以只在最后一个名词词尾加’s。答案：John’s—Johntold us that it was about twenty minutes walk to Mike’s house.

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　　解析：s所有格表示所有关系。答案：minutes—minutes’d travel the Europeans made contacts with the Arabs of the Mediterranean area and the Near East.

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　　解析：句意：通过贸易和旅游欧洲人与地中海和近东地区的阿拉伯人联系起来。make contact with为固定搭配。答案：contacts—contact！It’ll be a great fun to fly kites in the field.解析：fun为不可数名词前不加不定冠词。答案：去掉a【冠词】单句语法填空(2024·安徽合肥市三中检测改编)Gottlieb Daimler________German engineer，is normally believed to have invented ________car.

　　解析：句意：通常人们认为是戈特利布·戴姆勒一位德国的工程师发明了汽车。第一空用不定冠词a泛指“一个德国的工程师”；第二空用定冠词the特指汽车这种发明。答案：a；the________Maggie Smith，but not ________famous one.

　　解析：a表示泛指；第二空表特指指双方都知道的那个名人故填定冠词the。答案：a；the3．—Mum，why can’t I have ________new bike?

　　—Dear，you know，money doesn’t grow on trees.

　　解析：句意：——妈妈为什么我不能有一辆崭新的自行车？——亲a。答案：a________power of confidence，and there is no student as competitive as ________student who trusts his own abilities.

　　解析：句意：没power后有限制性定语of confidence故power表示特指故填定冠词the；student在此泛指一个相信自己能力的学生故填不定冠词a。答案：the；a(2024·福建福州市第八中学质检改编)Tom will succeed to your property(财产) after your death________success.

　　解析：句意：汤姆将会在你死后继承你的财产但是我不认为他是一个成功的人。因为success在此表示一件具体的事属于抽象名词具体化故也用不定冠词a。答案：a________news that their son needed ________operation on his knee.

　　解析：句意：这对父母对他们的儿子需要做膝部手术的消息感到震惊。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句表示特指故用定冠词；第二个泛指“一个”故用不定冠词且operation是以元音音素开头故填an。答案：the；an(2024·江西南昌市八一中学月考改编)The girl was at ________loss when word came that she had been disqualified from the speech competition.解析：句意：当被取消演讲比赛资格的消息传来时那个女孩很茫然。at a loss为固定短语意为“茫然的”。答案：a________larger size？This pair is a bit too small around my waist.解析：句意：这些牛仔裤还有更大码的吗？这条对我的腰围来说有点小。“a ＋比较级”表示：比……更……的；“the＋比较级”表示：(两者中)较……的。设空处表示比说话者试穿的那件更大一点儿故与不定冠词连用。答案：a________year.

　　—Right，he will also get paid by ________week.

　　解析：根据句意可知第一空表示“每一、每”的概念所以用不定冠词a；第二空by the week为固定用法表示“按周计算”。答案：a；the________most worthwhile time of discovery and learning，and it is also ________very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.

　　解析：句意：大学是一段学习和探索的非常有价值的时光而且对于我们每一个人来说也是一次很快乐很有价值的经历。第一空因为没有明确的范围故不用最高级意为“很非常”；experience意为“经历”时是可数名词在这里是泛指所以前面需要用不定冠词。答案：a；a单句改错(2024·高考浙江卷·短文改错)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.解析：in a hurry为固定短语意为“匆匆忙忙”。答案：在第一个in后加a(2024·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ·短文改错)As result________________________________________________________________________

　　解析：as a result为固定短语意为“因此结果”。答案：As后加a(2024·高考陕西卷·短文改错)That day I didn’t learn much about animalslearnt a impressive lesson about gravity!

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　　解析：单词impressive的读音以元音音素开头故将a改为an。答案：a—any the wonders of the nature.

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　　解析：nature“大自然”为不可数名词答案：删掉nature前的the(2024·福建龙岩教学质量检测改编)We all hold a view that the director in charge should bear full responsibility for the fire in Shanghai.解析：句意：那位主管应该承担上海这次火灾的全部责任我们都持有这种观点。view后带有that引导的同位语从句故view表示特指。答案：a—the6．To get thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when it’s needed.

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　　解析：句意：为了全面地了解自己还需要适时地帮助自己。有些不可数名词如knowledge等后面加of...时前面需用不定冠词a/an。答案：get后加a解析：句意：印度尼西亚的一架亚洲航空公司的客机机上载有162人据报道已经坠入海中。“一架亚洲航空的客机”以元音开头用不定冠词an。答案：A—An____

　　解析：句意：这是我迄今为止看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。由后面的定语从句that I have ever seen可知most inspiring为形容词最高级故a改为the。答案：a—the______________________________________________

　　解析：句意：在孩子们的眼中上网只会带给他们无穷的乐趣。fun为不可数名词故前不加不定冠词。答案：删掉aentrance examinations.

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　　解析：句意：高三学生有着很大的压力因take the risk of属于固定搭配意为：承担……风险。答案：a—the[高考模拟]语法填空(2024·吉林长春外国语期中考试)阅读下面材料在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。____________ (increase)pressure to study long hours every day.They spend over 8 hours a day studying at school，some of 2.____________ even have to attend extra classes in their spare time.This greatly affects their health and makes their parents and teachers 3.____________ (concern)．To help solve 4.____________ problemw 5.____________ (regular) that no students shall go to school at weekends 6.____________ during official holidays.We support such a reform and we know that 7.____________ is essential and important for us students to balance study and relaxation.You see，New Year’s Day 8.____________ (approach)，and I’ll make good use of the time 9.____________

　　(relax)．Also____________ (effective) when I come back to school.

　　【解题导语】　本文讲述目前学生压力大相关部门制定政策来禁止补课让学生休息好才能在学校学习好。解析：考查非谓语动词。increasing作pressure。答案：increasing解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们一天八个小时在学校许多人还上补习课指的是人故用whom。答案：whom解析：考查固定短语。 make sb.concerned使某人担心。答案：concerned解析：考查冠词。本句中的problem表示特指指所提到的问题故用定冠词the或指示代词this。答案：the/this解析：考查名词。根据have made a new________(regular)中的a和new可知空格处应为名词。答案：regulation解析：考查连词。句意：为了帮助解决这个问题相关部门制定一系列的规定不允许学生在周末或假期补课。此处为并列关系故用or。答案：or解析：考查代词。句意：我们知道这对于我们学生来说平衡学习与休息是非常有必要的。答案：it解析：考查动词的时态。句意：春节即将临近我们要利用时间休息。用答案：is approaching解析：考查非谓语动词。make good use of the time to do sth.充分利用时间做某事。答案：to relax解析：考查副词。effectively用来修饰study。答案：effectively短文改错(2024·长春市调研试题)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处多11处起)不计分。Mr.Zhang is sixty years old and had retired.He taught our biology when we were in Grade One.He taught very good.He tried his best to make his classes lively.He usually made good preparations for the lessons and was strict in us.Each time when we made mistakes in our homework，he would ask us to correct it.I was poor in biology.He often helps me with my study patiently.With his help I made great progresses.He was very kind to his students.As experienced teacher，he was respected or loved by all the students.

　　答案： retired.He taught

　　biology when we were in Grade One.He taught very .He tried his best to make his classes lively.He usually made good preparations for the lessons and was strict

　　us.Each time

　　we made mistakes in our homework，he would ask us to correct .I was poor in biology.He often

　　me with my study patiently.With his help I made great .He was very kind to his students.As

　　experienced teacher，he was respected

　　loved by all the students.