2024届高考英语一轮基础知识复习：Unit 2 Robots（新人教版选修7）

　　Unit 2 Robots

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2024·山东省威海市二模)

　　The most famous war movies reflect the American public's continuous fascination with World War II and the Vietnam War. Many movies of this kind have been well­received when they were first shown, but few of them have enjoyed lasting fame and popularity. The films on the list of the five most famous war movies still remain fresh and are popular among many people.

　　The Longest Day

　　An all­star cast recreates D­Day and the Normandy attack, the greatest landing and aerial(空中的) invasion in history. This is probably the most famous war movie because of the large number of big stars who have roles in the film.

　　Apocalypse Now

　　This is a famous war movie because of its description of the Vietnam War and excellent performance from Marlon Brando, Martin Sheen and Robert Duvall. The film, full of memorable scenes and quotes, is widely viewed as a masterpiece of movie making.

　　The Dirty Dozen

　　Lee Marvin, playing an officer who thinks and acts independently, is appointed to train twelve prisoners, most of whom have been sentenced to death, to go on a suicide mission to kill several Nazi generals. If_any_of_the_men_makes_it_back,_they_may_get_a_pardon. This is one of the most popular war movies ever made.

　　Platoon

　　This famous war movie is the fictional account of a platoon(排) in Vietnam that is divided into two competing groups. The plot is partly based on the director Oliver Stone's real life experience.

　　Midway

　　This is probably the most famous war movie ever made about navy. It's based on the battle between Japanese and American aircraft carrier groups near Hawaii in World War II that resulted in a decisive American victory.

　　文章大意：本文介绍了美国最杰出的五部反映二战和越战的经典战争片。

　　1．What are the most important themes of the movies mentioned above?

　　A．World War II and the Vietnam War.

　　B．Competitions in the Vietnam War.

　　C．Fights between Nazi generals and soldiers.

　　D．D­Day landing and the Normandy attack.

　　答案：A　细节理解题。由第一段前两句话可知。

　　2．The text is meant to ________.

　　A．describe five most famous movie posters

　　B．choose the best war movie among the five

　　C．introduce five masterpieces of American films

　　D．celebrate the success of the five American films

　　答案：C　推理判断题。由文章大意可知。

　　3．What can we infer from the underlined sentence?

　　A．The prisoners will be punished if they fail.

　　B．The prisoners might be willing to have a try.

　　C．The prisoners might be scared and run away.

　　D．The prisoners have to take Nazi generals back.

　　答案：B　推理判断题。画线句意为“如果他们能够完成任务归来，那么就能赦免他们的罪”，所以这些死刑犯很可能会愿意尝试一下。该题易误选A项和D项。

　　B

　　(2024·江南十校联考)

　　Water Robots Explore the Celtic Sea

　　Scientists in England are using two self­directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea. The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland. The area is known for its exceptional sea life. Scientists want to know why sea animals are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.

　　One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries. It collects information for the National Oceanography Center in Southampton, England, and the World Wildlife Fund. The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay afloat for up to 30 days. Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite. Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the craft. He says the vehicle has equipment that can detect small organisms called zooplankton and fish. He adds that other sensing devices measure water currents and other features of sea life. The vehicle also creates a two­dimensional(二维图)map of the sea.

　　Another vehicle is powered by solar panels and a wind turbine(涡轮机). It can stay afloat for months. The robotic vehicle sends information about the so­called biodiversity hotspots. A biodiversity hotspot is an area of an ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity. Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the biodiversity of the Celtic Sea. She says productive ocean areas, like the Celtic Sea, attract zooplankton. The zooplankton then attract fish. She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.

　　Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the seas with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analyzing the collected information. They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needsof the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.

　　文章大意：本文介绍两种水下自我探测器，它们用来勘探海底动植物。

　　4．Scientists go to the Celtic Sea to explore ________.

　　A．why this area appeal to sea animals

　　B．what the Celtic Sea really desires

　　C．whether the expense can be reduced

　　D．how this area can be better protected

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Scientists want to know why sea animals are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，选A。

　　5．According to paragraph 2, the research vehicle ________.

　　A．is used only to measure water currents

　　B．is designed by the engineer called Lavinia

　　C．can also create a three­dimensional map

　　D．can detect the zooplankton and sea life

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第六、七句话“He says the vehicle has equipment that can detect small organisms called zooplankton and fish. He adds that other sensing devices measure water currents and other features of sea life.”可知，选D。

　　6．Which of the following is TRUE?

　　A．Both of the vehicles are powered by batteries.

　　B．Neither of the vehicles can stay for months.

　　C．The vehicles help reduce both time and money.

　　D．Reports are sent by the scientists themselves.

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二两句话“Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the seas with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analyzing the collected information.”可知，选C。

　　7．What is the purpose of the passage?

　　A．To call on us to protect the sea.

　　B．To introduce two water robots.

　　C．To inform us of sea exploration.

　　D．To arouse our interest in sea life.

　　答案：B　推理判断题。从文章第二、三段大意可知，本文主要介绍两种水下自我探测器。故选B。

　　Ⅱ.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2024·青岛市二模)

　　It's never foolish __1__(acknowledge) you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need the art of apology. Look back and think how often you've judged __2__(rough), said unkind things, pushed yourself ahead __3__ the cost of a friend. Some deep thought lets us know that when even a small mistake has been made, your feeling will stay out of balance __4__ the mistake is acknowledged and your regret is expressed.

　　I remember a doctor friend __5__(tell) me about a man who came to him with __6__(vary) illnesses: headache, insomnia, stomachaches and so on. No physical cause could __7__(find). Finally the doctor said to the man, “Unless you tell me what's on your conscience, I can't help you.”

　　After __8__ short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was abroad. His father was __9__(die), so only he himself knew the matter. The doctor made the man write to his brother making an apology and enclosing a check. In the post office, the man dropped the letter into the mail box. As the letter __10__(disappear), the man burst into tears. “Thank you, doctor，” he said, “I think I'm all right now.” And he was.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：本文是生活哲理小短文，文章主要告诉我们该如何承认自己错了，并诚恳地道歉，让自己的心理平衡。

　　1．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　答案： to acknowledge　根据句型It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 不定式判断。故填to acknowledge。

　　2．命题立意：考查副词。

　　答案： roughly 　根据前文的judged是动词，需要副词修饰。故填 roughly。

　　3．命题立意：考查介词的用法。

　　答案：at　根据词组at the cost of“以……为代价”，故填at。

　　4．命题立意：考查状语从句。

　　答案： until/till 　根据该复合句主从句之间的关系判断，故判断填 until/till。

　　5．命题立意：考查非谓语动词用法。

　　答案：telling　friend是tell的动作执行者。故填telling。

　　6．命题立意：考查形容词。

　　答案：various　根据空后的名词illnesses判断应用形容词。故填various。

　　7．命题立意：考查被动语态用法。

　　答案：be found　cause是find的动作承受者，应用被动语态，故判断填be found。

　　8．命题立意：考查冠词用法。

　　答案：a　根据a short silence“一段时间的沉默”，可知填a。

　　9．命题立意：考查形容词。

　　答案：dead　根据空前的was可知应填形容词，故判断填dead。

　　10．命题立意：考查时态。

　　答案：disappeared　根据前后语境判断应用一般过去时。故判断填disappeared。

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　(2024·宁夏银川市三模)

　　This afternoon I went to see my grandfather by a bus.It was very crowded and I had to stand.Besides me，there was a woman hold a little boy in her arms.In front of her, a young man occupies two seats，pretending to be sleeping.I heard the little boy curious asking his mother, “What's wrong with the uncle？” I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man.Beyond her expectations，the woman answered with a smile，“Be quiet.This uncle must very tired because of hard work.”The young man must have heard the word.His face turned red but offered one seat to the woman at once.

　　答案：

　　This afternoon I went to see my grandfather by a bus.It was very crowded and I had to stand. me，there was a woman

　　a little boy in her arms.In front of her, a young man

　　two seats，pretending to be sleeping.I heard the little boy

　　asking his mother, “What's wrong with the uncle？” I had thought

　　perhaps the woman would blame the man.Beyond

　　expectations，the woman answered with a smile，“Be quiet.This uncle must

　　very tired because of hard work.”The young man must have heard the .His face turned red

　　offered one seat to the woman at once.

　　1．命题立意：考查固定短语。

　　解析：by后的冠词a去掉　by bus坐公交，bus前不需要冠词。故by后的冠词去掉。

　　2．命题立意：考查介词。

　　解析：Besides→Beside　besides除……之外；beside在……的旁边。故Besides → Beside。

　　3．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　解析：hold→holding　根据there be＋名词＋v­ing有……正在……。people是hold的执行者，应用现在分词。故hold→holding。

　　4．命题立意：考查动词时态。

　　解析：occupies→occupied　根据上下文语境应用过去时。故occupies→occupied。

　　5．命题立意：考查副词。

　　解析：curious→curiously　修饰动词asking，用副词。

　　6．命题立意：考查宾语从句。

　　解析：if→that或去掉if　根据语意此处thought的宾语从句应用that引导，也可省略。故if→ that或去掉if。

　　7．命题立意：考查代词。

　　解析：her→my　根据前文的I判断此处是“出乎我的意料之外”。故her→my。

　　8．命题立意：考查情态动词用法。

　　解析：must后加be　must为情态动词，其后必须跟动词原形，very tired为形容词，应加be。故must后加be。

　　9．命题立意：考查名词。

　　解析：word→words　word为可数名词，根据前文所说的话，word应用复数形式。故word→words。

　　10．命题立意：考查连词。

　　解析：but→and　根据but前后是并列关系。故but→and。

　　Unit 2 Robots

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2024·山东省威海市二模)

　　The most famous war movies reflect the American public's continuous fascination with World War II and the Vietnam War. Many movies of this kind have been well­received when they were first shown, but few of them have enjoyed lasting fame and popularity. The films on the list of the five most famous war movies still remain fresh and are popular among many people.

　　The Longest Day

　　An all­star cast recreates D­Day and the Normandy attack, the greatest landing and aerial(空中的) invasion in history. This is probably the most famous war movie because of the large number of big stars who have roles in the film.

　　Apocalypse Now

　　This is a famous war movie because of its description of the Vietnam War and excellent performance from Marlon Brando, Martin Sheen and Robert Duvall. The film, full of memorable scenes and quotes, is widely viewed as a masterpiece of movie making.

　　The Dirty Dozen

　　Lee Marvin, playing an officer who thinks and acts independently, is appointed to train twelve prisoners, most of whom have been sentenced to death, to go on a suicide mission to kill several Nazi generals. If_any_of_the_men_makes_it_back,_they_may_get_a_pardon. This is one of the most popular war movies ever made.

　　Platoon

　　This famous war movie is the fictional account of a platoon(排) in Vietnam that is divided into two competing groups. The plot is partly based on the director Oliver Stone's real life experience.

　　Midway

　　This is probably the most famous war movie ever made about navy. It's based on the battle between Japanese and American aircraft carrier groups near Hawaii in World War II that resulted in a decisive American victory.

　　文章大意：本文介绍了美国最杰出的五部反映二战和越战的经典战争片。

　　1．What are the most important themes of the movies mentioned above?

　　A．World War II and the Vietnam War.

　　B．Competitions in the Vietnam War.

　　C．Fights between Nazi generals and soldiers.

　　D．D­Day landing and the Normandy attack.

　　答案：A　细节理解题。由第一段前两句话可知。

　　2．The text is meant to ________.

　　A．describe five most famous movie posters

　　B．choose the best war movie among the five

　　C．introduce five masterpieces of American films

　　D．celebrate the success of the five American films

　　答案：C　推理判断题。由文章大意可知。

　　3．What can we infer from the underlined sentence?

　　A．The prisoners will be punished if they fail.

　　B．The prisoners might be willing to have a try.

　　C．The prisoners might be scared and run away.

　　D．The prisoners have to take Nazi generals back.

　　答案：B　推理判断题。画线句意为“如果他们能够完成任务归来，那么就能赦免他们的罪”，所以这些死刑犯很可能会愿意尝试一下。该题易误选A项和D项。

　　B

　　(2024·江南十校联考)

　　Water Robots Explore the Celtic Sea

　　Scientists in England are using two self­directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea. The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland. The area is known for its exceptional sea life. Scientists want to know why sea animals are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.

　　One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries. It collects information for the National Oceanography Center in Southampton, England, and the World Wildlife Fund. The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay afloat for up to 30 days. Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite. Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the craft. He says the vehicle has equipment that can detect small organisms called zooplankton and fish. He adds that other sensing devices measure water currents and other features of sea life. The vehicle also creates a two­dimensional(二维图)map of the sea.

　　Another vehicle is powered by solar panels and a wind turbine(涡轮机). It can stay afloat for months. The robotic vehicle sends information about the so­called biodiversity hotspots. A biodiversity hotspot is an area of an ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity. Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the biodiversity of the Celtic Sea. She says productive ocean areas, like the Celtic Sea, attract zooplankton. The zooplankton then attract fish. She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.

　　Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the seas with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analyzing the collected information. They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needsof the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.

　　文章大意：本文介绍两种水下自我探测器，它们用来勘探海底动植物。

　　4．Scientists go to the Celtic Sea to explore ________.

　　A．why this area appeal to sea animals

　　B．what the Celtic Sea really desires

　　C．whether the expense can be reduced

　　D．how this area can be better protected

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Scientists want to know why sea animals are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，选A。

　　5．According to paragraph 2, the research vehicle ________.

　　A．is used only to measure water currents

　　B．is designed by the engineer called Lavinia

　　C．can also create a three­dimensional map

　　D．can detect the zooplankton and sea life

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第六、七句话“He says the vehicle has equipment that can detect small organisms called zooplankton and fish. He adds that other sensing devices measure water currents and other features of sea life.”可知，选D。

　　6．Which of the following is TRUE?

　　A．Both of the vehicles are powered by batteries.

　　B．Neither of the vehicles can stay for months.

　　C．The vehicles help reduce both time and money.

　　D．Reports are sent by the scientists themselves.

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二两句话“Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the seas with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analyzing the collected information.”可知，选C。

　　7．What is the purpose of the passage?

　　A．To call on us to protect the sea.

　　B．To introduce two water robots.

　　C．To inform us of sea exploration.

　　D．To arouse our interest in sea life.

　　答案：B　推理判断题。从文章第二、三段大意可知，本文主要介绍两种水下自我探测器。故选B。

　　Ⅱ.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2024·青岛市二模)

　　It's never foolish __1__(acknowledge) you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need the art of apology. Look back and think how often you've judged __2__(rough), said unkind things, pushed yourself ahead __3__ the cost of a friend. Some deep thought lets us know that when even a small mistake has been made, your feeling will stay out of balance __4__ the mistake is acknowledged and your regret is expressed.

　　I remember a doctor friend __5__(tell) me about a man who came to him with __6__(vary) illnesses: headache, insomnia, stomachaches and so on. No physical cause could __7__(find). Finally the doctor said to the man, “Unless you tell me what's on your conscience, I can't help you.”

　　After __8__ short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was abroad. His father was __9__(die), so only he himself knew the matter. The doctor made the man write to his brother making an apology and enclosing a check. In the post office, the man dropped the letter into the mail box. As the letter __10__(disappear), the man burst into tears. “Thank you, doctor，” he said, “I think I'm all right now.” And he was.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：本文是生活哲理小短文，文章主要告诉我们该如何承认自己错了，并诚恳地道歉，让自己的心理平衡。

　　1．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　答案： to acknowledge　根据句型It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 不定式判断。故填to acknowledge。

　　2．命题立意：考查副词。

　　答案： roughly 　根据前文的judged是动词，需要副词修饰。故填 roughly。

　　3．命题立意：考查介词的用法。

　　答案：at　根据词组at the cost of“以……为代价”，故填at。

　　4．命题立意：考查状语从句。

　　答案： until/till 　根据该复合句主从句之间的关系判断，故判断填 until/till。

　　5．命题立意：考查非谓语动词用法。

　　答案：telling　friend是tell的动作执行者。故填telling。

　　6．命题立意：考查形容词。

　　答案：various　根据空后的名词illnesses判断应用形容词。故填various。

　　7．命题立意：考查被动语态用法。

　　答案：be found　cause是find的动作承受者，应用被动语态，故判断填be found。

　　8．命题立意：考查冠词用法。

　　答案：a　根据a short silence“一段时间的沉默”，可知填a。

　　9．命题立意：考查形容词。

　　答案：dead　根据空前的was可知应填形容词，故判断填dead。

　　10．命题立意：考查时态。

　　答案：disappeared　根据前后语境判断应用一般过去时。故判断填disappeared。

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　(2024·宁夏银川市三模)

　　This afternoon I went to see my grandfather by a bus.It was very crowded and I had to stand.Besides me，there was a woman hold a little boy in her arms.In front of her, a young man occupies two seats，pretending to be sleeping.I heard the little boy curious asking his mother, “What's wrong with the uncle？” I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man.Beyond her expectations，the woman answered with a smile，“Be quiet.This uncle must very tired because of hard work.”The young man must have heard the word.His face turned red but offered one seat to the woman at once.

　　答案：

　　This afternoon I went to see my grandfather by a bus.It was very crowded and I had to stand. me，there was a woman

　　a little boy in her arms.In front of her, a young man

　　two seats，pretending to be sleeping.I heard the little boy

　　asking his mother, “What's wrong with the uncle？” I had thought

　　perhaps the woman would blame the man.Beyond

　　expectations，the woman answered with a smile，“Be quiet.This uncle must

　　very tired because of hard work.”The young man must have heard the .His face turned red

　　offered one seat to the woman at once.

　　1．命题立意：考查固定短语。

　　解析：by后的冠词a去掉　by bus坐公交，bus前不需要冠词。故by后的冠词去掉。

　　2．命题立意：考查介词。

　　解析：Besides→Beside　besides除……之外；beside在……的旁边。故Besides → Beside。

　　3．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　解析：hold→holding　根据there be＋名词＋v­ing有……正在……。people是hold的执行者，应用现在分词。故hold→holding。

　　4．命题立意：考查动词时态。

　　解析：occupies→occupied　根据上下文语境应用过去时。故occupies→occupied。

　　5．命题立意：考查副词。

　　解析：curious→curiously　修饰动词asking，用副词。

　　6．命题立意：考查宾语从句。

　　解析：if→that或去掉if　根据语意此处thought的宾语从句应用that引导，也可省略。故if→ that或去掉if。

　　7．命题立意：考查代词。

　　解析：her→my　根据前文的I判断此处是“出乎我的意料之外”。故her→my。

　　8．命题立意：考查情态动词用法。

　　解析：must后加be　must为情态动词，其后必须跟动词原形，very tired为形容词，应加be。故must后加be。

　　9．命题立意：考查名词。

　　解析：word→words　word为可数名词，根据前文所说的话，word应用复数形式。故word→words。

　　10．命题立意：考查连词。

　　解析：but→and　根据but前后是并列关系。故but→and。