2024届高考英语二轮语法突破课件:数词与主谓一致(外研版)
方法二:巧用名词的作用 当作主语的名词由分数、百分数以及the rest, the half等修饰时,谓语动词的单复数由名词决定,如果名词是可数名词则用复数谓语,如果名词是不可数则用单数谓语。 [典题示例] Most of the teaching equipment ________(be) made good use of in the village school so far. 剖析:has been 句意:到目前为止在农村学校中大多数的教学设备都已得到了很好的利用。根据时间状语so far可知用现在完成时态,教学设备被很好的利用所以用被动语态,equipment是不可数名词,所以用单数谓语动词。 方法三:巧用熟悉的词 基数词dozen,score的用法经常考,有些考生觉得很难掌握。此时,我们用熟悉的hundred, thousand来替换它们,它们的用法是一样的。 [典题示例] She went to the bookstore and bought ________books.(dozen) 剖析:dozens of 句意:她去书店买了几打书。本题考查dozen的用法,如果不熟悉这个词可把它换成hundred,问题就很好解决了。当这些词与具体的数字连用时不加“s”,与of连用时要加“s”,如:3 hundred 三百;hundreds of数百。 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 外研版 · 高考总复习 语法专项突破
第二部分 语法专项突破(八) 数词与主谓一致
第二部分 考 纲 解 读 命 题 分 析 知 识 归 纳 语 法 专 练 2 3 4 1 考 纲 解 读 考点 考纲解读 主谓一致 掌握数词与倍数表达法;掌握主谓一致的三种情况。 命 题 分 析
近几年高考对数词的考查主要集中在倍数表达方式上,而主谓一致的考查多与定语从句相结合,由先行词来判断从句中谓语动词的单复数。 知 识 归 纳 一、考点知识归纳 考点一 数词 1.基数词易考点 (1)表示事物数量多少的单词,特别是hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score等,前面若有数字或某些表示数量的限定词时,它们只能用单数,并且后面直接跟所要修饰的名词。 3 hundred books 三百本书 2 dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 (2)基数词的复数形式可表示泛指,此时数词可加复数并可与of连用,构成短语。 tens of people 数十人 hundreds of trees 数百棵树 (3)“another+基数词/few+复数名词或基数词+other/more”可表示“再……,另……”,此时another后的部分成一个整体。 We walked another ten miles.=We walked ten other/more miles. 我们又走了十英里。
(4)“in one's+整十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”;“in the+整十的基数词+s或's”表示“在……年代”。 in one's fifties 在某人五十多岁时 in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代 (5)“基数词+名词”可构成形容词 an 800word composition 一篇800字的作文 2.序数词易考点 (1)序数词表示事物的顺序时,前面一般要加定冠词,如the first prize;表示“再一,又一”时,前面用不定冠词,如:a second, a third等。 (2)当序数词前有名词所有格或物主代词时,或当序数词作副词时,序数词前不用冠词。 He came first in the race. 他比赛得了第一名。 考点二 主谓一致 1.并列主语的情况下的主谓一致 (1)由or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not only... but (also)连接的并列主语以及there be句式,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。 One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一、两个朋友要来。 Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients. 护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。 There are many students and a teacher in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生和一位老师。 (2)“A+with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/as much as/but/except等+B”结构作主语时,谓语动词的形式与A保持一致。此原则相当于就远原则。 Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请去参加聚会了。 Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive on the evening flight. 史密斯博士及其夫人将乘晚班飞机抵达。 The students as well as the teacher were moved by the film. 学生和老师都被这部电影感动了。 (3)被every, each和no等限定的单个主语由and连接时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。其中,后一个限定词可省略。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. 每个男孩子和每个女孩都有一个苹果。 (4)由and连接的两个单数名词若表示两个不同的概念;谓语动词常用复数形式。若表示同一人、同一件事或同一概念,谓语动词则用单数形式。 Tom and Jack were close friends. 汤姆和杰克是好朋友。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality. 生活俭朴是一种优良的品质。 (5)由and连接的两个特殊疑问词指同一概念时,谓语动词用单数;由and连接的两个what从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数。 When and where to build the new house hasn't been decided yet. 什么时候在什么地方建造新房子还没有确定下来。 What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。 What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。 2.集合名词与由两部分构成的表示物体的名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)family, class, team, group, army, government, public, audience等名词在表示“集体”时,视为单数;而在表示组成集体的“成员”时,应视为复数。 The football team is a strong collective. 这个球队很强。 The football team are busy practicing on the sports field. 这个球队(的队员)正在球场上忙着训练。 (2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词,如trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但是如果由kind/type/sort/pair...of修饰时,谓语动词的单复数由kind, pair,sort...等的“数”来决定。 My glasses are very nice. 我的眼镜很漂亮。 A new type of buses is now on show. 现在正展出一种新型的公共汽车。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。 (3)people(人民,人们),police, cattle, youth等集体名词后的谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are searching for the thief in the forest. 警察正在树林里搜捕小偷。 3.数词与量词作主语或修饰主语时的主谓一致 (1)时间、距离、长度、金钱、价格、体积、数字运算等作主语时,通常作整体来看,谓语动词用单数。 Twenty years is a long time in one's life. 20年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。 Forty miles was covered in a single night. 一夜走了40英里。 (2)由all, all of, half of, most of, plenty of, a quarter of, 80% of, one third of, the rest of等短语修饰复数名词时谓语用复数,修饰不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。 All of the students in the class were praised by the head teacher. 这个班所有的学生都受到了班主任的表扬。 All the water in the lake is polluted. 湖里的水都被污染了。 (3)“a number/variety of+复数名词”后的谓语动词用复数。而“the number/variety of+复数名词”后的谓语动词用单数。 The number of the teachers in our school is over two hundred. 我们学校有两百多位老师。 A number of teachers in this school have fallen ill because of the food. 因为食物的原因,这个学校的很多老师都生病了。 (4)如果主语由“many a/more than one+单数名词”构成,那么,谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试不及格。 (5)a quantity of及quantities of后既可接复数名词,亦可接不可数名词:a quantity of...作主语时,谓语动词用单数,即与quantity一致。而quantities of...作主语时,谓语动词总用复数形式。同样“an amount of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“amounts of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 A large quantity of books has been bought. 已经买了好多书。
With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year. =With more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 由于更多的森林被砍伐,每年有大量的沃土被冲走了。
(6)population 人口的用法 表示一个地区人口的总数,用单数谓语动词,若population由百分数或分数修饰,谓语动词用复数形式。 The population of Fujian province is less than 100 million. 福建省的人口不超过1亿。 Eighty percent of the population of the city are workers. 这个城市80%的人口是工人。 4.其他情况下的主谓一致 (1)当定语从句中关系代词who, which, that作主语时,谓语由先行词的数决定。先行词是“one of+n. (pl.)”时从句谓语动词用复数,若one前有the, the only或the very修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 Do you know the students who are standing there? 你认识站在那边的那些学生吗? Do you know the student who is speaking at the meeting? 你认识在会议上讲话的那个学生吗? (2)what和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根据从句所表达的意义上的数确定。the following的谓语一般由它后面所接的表语的数来决定。其他从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。 What they need is just rest. 他们所需要的就是休息。 What we want urgently are some grammar books. 我们迫切想要的是语法书。 (3)动词ing形式、动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Reading is quite important for language learning. 阅读对于语言学习非常重要。 (4)倒装结构中谓语动词的单复数要看后面的主语。 On the opposite wall hangs one map as well as dozens of pictures. 在对面墙上挂着一幅地图和很多图片。 二、方法技巧总结 方法一:巧用排除法 当主语由or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接时,以及在there be句式中,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则,这种情况相对较少,便于记忆。除就近原则之外,还有当主语是A with/together with/as well as/including...B时,谓语动词的单复数由A决定,相对于就近原则,此原则相当于就远原则。这样我们可只记就近原则的几种情况,其余的就是就远原则,这样可以防止记混,提高效率。 [典题示例] Dr. Black, as well as his students ________(do) experiments in the lab now. 剖析:is doing 句意:布莱克博士和他的学生正在实验室做实验。根据时间状语now可知用现在进行时。主语Dr. Black, as well as his students遵循就远原则,所以谓语动词的单复数由Dr. Black决定,所以用单数谓语动词。
方法二:巧用名词的作用 当作主语的名词由分数、百分数以及the rest, the half等修饰时,谓语动词的单复数由名词决定,如果名词是可数名词则用复数谓语,如果名词是不可数则用单数谓语。 [典题示例] Most of the teaching equipment ________(be) made good use of in the village school so far. 剖析:has been 句意:到目前为止在农村学校中大多数的教学设备都已得到了很好的利用。根据时间状语so far可知用现在完成时态,教学设备被很好的利用所以用被动语态,equipment是不可数名词,所以用单数谓语动词。 方法三:巧用熟悉的词 基数词dozen,score的用法经常考,有些考生觉得很难掌握。此时,我们用熟悉的hundred, thousand来替换它们,它们的用法是一样的。 [典题示例] She went to the bookstore and bought ________books.(dozen) 剖析:dozens of 句意:她去书店买了几打书。本题考查dozen的用法,如果不熟悉这个词可把它换成hundred,问题就很好解决了。当这些词与具体的数字连用时不加“s”,与of连用时要加“s”,如:3 hundred 三百;hundreds of数百。 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 外研版 · 高考总复习 语法专项突破
第二部分 语法专项突破(八) 数词与主谓一致
第二部分 考 纲 解 读 命 题 分 析 知 识 归 纳 语 法 专 练 2 3 4 1 考 纲 解 读 考点 考纲解读 主谓一致 掌握数词与倍数表达法;掌握主谓一致的三种情况。 命 题 分 析
近几年高考对数词的考查主要集中在倍数表达方式上,而主谓一致的考查多与定语从句相结合,由先行词来判断从句中谓语动词的单复数。 知 识 归 纳 一、考点知识归纳 考点一 数词 1.基数词易考点 (1)表示事物数量多少的单词,特别是hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score等,前面若有数字或某些表示数量的限定词时,它们只能用单数,并且后面直接跟所要修饰的名词。 3 hundred books 三百本书 2 dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 (2)基数词的复数形式可表示泛指,此时数词可加复数并可与of连用,构成短语。 tens of people 数十人 hundreds of trees 数百棵树 (3)“another+基数词/few+复数名词或基数词+other/more”可表示“再……,另……”,此时another后的部分成一个整体。 We walked another ten miles.=We walked ten other/more miles. 我们又走了十英里。
(4)“in one's+整十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”;“in the+整十的基数词+s或's”表示“在……年代”。 in one's fifties 在某人五十多岁时 in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代 (5)“基数词+名词”可构成形容词 an 800word composition 一篇800字的作文 2.序数词易考点 (1)序数词表示事物的顺序时,前面一般要加定冠词,如the first prize;表示“再一,又一”时,前面用不定冠词,如:a second, a third等。 (2)当序数词前有名词所有格或物主代词时,或当序数词作副词时,序数词前不用冠词。 He came first in the race. 他比赛得了第一名。 考点二 主谓一致 1.并列主语的情况下的主谓一致 (1)由or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not only... but (also)连接的并列主语以及there be句式,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。 One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一、两个朋友要来。 Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients. 护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。 There are many students and a teacher in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生和一位老师。 (2)“A+with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/as much as/but/except等+B”结构作主语时,谓语动词的形式与A保持一致。此原则相当于就远原则。 Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请去参加聚会了。 Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive on the evening flight. 史密斯博士及其夫人将乘晚班飞机抵达。 The students as well as the teacher were moved by the film. 学生和老师都被这部电影感动了。 (3)被every, each和no等限定的单个主语由and连接时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。其中,后一个限定词可省略。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. 每个男孩子和每个女孩都有一个苹果。 (4)由and连接的两个单数名词若表示两个不同的概念;谓语动词常用复数形式。若表示同一人、同一件事或同一概念,谓语动词则用单数形式。 Tom and Jack were close friends. 汤姆和杰克是好朋友。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality. 生活俭朴是一种优良的品质。 (5)由and连接的两个特殊疑问词指同一概念时,谓语动词用单数;由and连接的两个what从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数。 When and where to build the new house hasn't been decided yet. 什么时候在什么地方建造新房子还没有确定下来。 What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。 What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。 2.集合名词与由两部分构成的表示物体的名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)family, class, team, group, army, government, public, audience等名词在表示“集体”时,视为单数;而在表示组成集体的“成员”时,应视为复数。 The football team is a strong collective. 这个球队很强。 The football team are busy practicing on the sports field. 这个球队(的队员)正在球场上忙着训练。 (2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词,如trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但是如果由kind/type/sort/pair...of修饰时,谓语动词的单复数由kind, pair,sort...等的“数”来决定。 My glasses are very nice. 我的眼镜很漂亮。 A new type of buses is now on show. 现在正展出一种新型的公共汽车。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。 (3)people(人民,人们),police, cattle, youth等集体名词后的谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are searching for the thief in the forest. 警察正在树林里搜捕小偷。 3.数词与量词作主语或修饰主语时的主谓一致 (1)时间、距离、长度、金钱、价格、体积、数字运算等作主语时,通常作整体来看,谓语动词用单数。 Twenty years is a long time in one's life. 20年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。 Forty miles was covered in a single night. 一夜走了40英里。 (2)由all, all of, half of, most of, plenty of, a quarter of, 80% of, one third of, the rest of等短语修饰复数名词时谓语用复数,修饰不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。 All of the students in the class were praised by the head teacher. 这个班所有的学生都受到了班主任的表扬。 All the water in the lake is polluted. 湖里的水都被污染了。 (3)“a number/variety of+复数名词”后的谓语动词用复数。而“the number/variety of+复数名词”后的谓语动词用单数。 The number of the teachers in our school is over two hundred. 我们学校有两百多位老师。 A number of teachers in this school have fallen ill because of the food. 因为食物的原因,这个学校的很多老师都生病了。 (4)如果主语由“many a/more than one+单数名词”构成,那么,谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试不及格。 (5)a quantity of及quantities of后既可接复数名词,亦可接不可数名词:a quantity of...作主语时,谓语动词用单数,即与quantity一致。而quantities of...作主语时,谓语动词总用复数形式。同样“an amount of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“amounts of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 A large quantity of books has been bought. 已经买了好多书。
With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year. =With more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 由于更多的森林被砍伐,每年有大量的沃土被冲走了。
(6)population 人口的用法 表示一个地区人口的总数,用单数谓语动词,若population由百分数或分数修饰,谓语动词用复数形式。 The population of Fujian province is less than 100 million. 福建省的人口不超过1亿。 Eighty percent of the population of the city are workers. 这个城市80%的人口是工人。 4.其他情况下的主谓一致 (1)当定语从句中关系代词who, which, that作主语时,谓语由先行词的数决定。先行词是“one of+n. (pl.)”时从句谓语动词用复数,若one前有the, the only或the very修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 Do you know the students who are standing there? 你认识站在那边的那些学生吗? Do you know the student who is speaking at the meeting? 你认识在会议上讲话的那个学生吗? (2)what和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根据从句所表达的意义上的数确定。the following的谓语一般由它后面所接的表语的数来决定。其他从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。 What they need is just rest. 他们所需要的就是休息。 What we want urgently are some grammar books. 我们迫切想要的是语法书。 (3)动词ing形式、动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Reading is quite important for language learning. 阅读对于语言学习非常重要。 (4)倒装结构中谓语动词的单复数要看后面的主语。 On the opposite wall hangs one map as well as dozens of pictures. 在对面墙上挂着一幅地图和很多图片。 二、方法技巧总结 方法一:巧用排除法 当主语由or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接时,以及在there be句式中,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则,这种情况相对较少,便于记忆。除就近原则之外,还有当主语是A with/together with/as well as/including...B时,谓语动词的单复数由A决定,相对于就近原则,此原则相当于就远原则。这样我们可只记就近原则的几种情况,其余的就是就远原则,这样可以防止记混,提高效率。 [典题示例] Dr. Black, as well as his students ________(do) experiments in the lab now. 剖析:is doing 句意:布莱克博士和他的学生正在实验室做实验。根据时间状语now可知用现在进行时。主语Dr. Black, as well as his students遵循就远原则,所以谓语动词的单复数由Dr. Black决定,所以用单数谓语动词。