2024届高考英语二轮复习考点精炼：专题21 提纲类与应用文
题型五书面表达
专题二十一 提纲类与应用文
针对高考训练
一、单项填空
1.(2024河北唐山一中高三调研考试)I want to open the door,but it open.
A.couldn’t B.won’t
C.wouldn’t D.mustn’t
答案:B
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意:我想把门打开,但它打不开了。will 此处为“通常会……”,(用于表明某动作通常以特定方式发生)。could/would 常用于虚拟语气;mustn’t 表禁止,意思不符。
2.(2024山西忻州一中联考)— Will you please spare me a few minutes now?
— ,but I’ll be free in half an hour.
A.No,I can’t B.Yes,with pleasure
C.No problem D.I’m afraid not
答案:D
解析:考查交际用语。句意:“请问你现在能腾出几分钟给我吗?”“ ,但是我半小时后有空。”说明是委婉拒绝了,I’m afraid not“恐怕不能”;No,I can’t“不,我不能”(不够礼貌);Yes,with pleasure“是,很乐意”;No problem“没问题”,都和句意不符。
3.You trust an online shop just because it has a beautifully-designed website.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t
C.couldn’t D.needn’t
答案:A
解析:考查情态动词。shouldn’t“不应该”,表示建议。mustn’t “禁止”,表示命令。couldn’t “不能,无法”,表示能力。needn’t “不需要”。根据句中的原因状语从句,可以判断出本句想表达的是建议,所以选择 shouldn’t 最合适。
4.Hello!I’m calling to cancel the appointment I with Dr.Smith.
A.am making B.have made
C.will make D.had made
答案:B
解析:句意:你好,我打电话来取消我和史密斯医生的约会。the appointment后加了定语从句,从句的时态为现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,故选B项。
5.There comes a time in every boy’s life he must take on responsibilities.
A.when B.how
C.why D.where
答案:A
解析:句意:在每个男孩的生命中会有他必须承担某种责任的时候。a time是先行词,“ he must take on responsibilities”是定语从句修饰这个先行词。关系词要在这个从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when。
6.Each person has his/her unique character which him/her from others.
A.differs B.distinguishes
C.divides D.draws
答案:B
解析:differ是不及物动词不能直接跟宾语him/her。distinguish是及物动词,后跟sb. from sb. 表示“使某人与某人不同”。
7.In spite of severe financial crisis,many countries refuse to seek economic development the environment.
A.at the risk of B.at the cost of
C.at the mercy of D.at the service of
答案:B
解析:句意:尽管有严重的金融危机,许多国家还是拒绝以牺牲环境为代价来发展经济。at the risk of“冒着……的危险”;at the cost of“以……为代价”;at the mercy of“任由……摆布”;at the service of“任凭……的使用”。
8.—Sorry,but I still don’t quite understand that phrase.
—OK,let me make another sentence to its meaning.
A.bring about
B.bring up
C.bring out D.bring in
答案:C
解析:答句句意:好,那让我再造一个句子展示一下它的意思。此处要用bring out “显露;展示”;bring about“产生”;bring up“教育;提出”;bring in“引进;挣钱”。
9.(2024辽宁大连育明高级中学高三验收)I’ll go to the party with you you don’t wear those strange trousers.
A.as though B.in order that
C.in that D.providing
答案:D
解析:考查状语从句。句意:倘若你不穿那么怪异的裤子的话,我就和你一起去聚会。as though“仿佛”;in order that“为了”;in that“在于”;providing“假如”。从语境可知后句话you don’t wear those strange trousers.是前面句子I’ll go to the party with you的条件,故选D项。
10.—You’ve got a stomachache?But we ate at the same place.How come my stomach is fine?
—You have an iron stomach!Mine isn’t strong.
A.as B.such
C.much D.enough
答案:A
解析:答句句意:你有一个铁肚子,我的不如你的健壮。此处是isn’t as strong as yours的省略。
二、完形填空
It was the old lady’s birthday.She got up early to be ready for the post.From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street,and a little boy,Johnnie, 1 her letters from the ground floor on the rare 2 when anything came.
Today she was sure there would be something.Myra 3 forget her mother’s birthday,even if she 4 wrote at other times.Of course Myra was busy,but 5 ,Enid,the daughter the old lady loved most,died two years ago.Since then Myra had been to see her mother three times,but her husband,Harold,never.
The old lady was eighty today.She had put on her best dress.Perhaps—perhaps Myra might come.After all,eighty was a 6 birthday,another decade lined or tolerated just as you chose to look at it. 7 Myra did not come,she would send a present.The old lady was 8 of that.Two spots of colour 9 her cheeks.She was 10 like a child.She would enjoy her day!
Now,she stood by the window, 11 .The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle.Her heart beat 12 .Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate.Then clatter (咔嗒声),clatter up the stairs.Johnnie knocked at her door.He had got her post—four envelopes.Three were unclosed cards from old friends.The fourth was closed,in Myra’s writing.The old lady felt a sharp pain of 13 .There was no parcel for her!Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post.That was it.It would come later by parcel post.She said to herself.She must be 14 .
Almost 15 she tore the envelope open. 16 in the card was a piece of paper.Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday—Buy yourself something nice with the 17 ,Myra and Harold.The cheque moved quickly to and for in the air to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.Slowly the old lady 18 to pick it up.Her present!Her 19 present!With 20 fingers she tore it into little bits.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位80岁老人在生日来临之际对自己唯一的亲人的殷殷期盼,但她最终盼来的却是一种无言的伤痛和失望。
1A.took away B.brought up
C.moved off D.set down
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,此句是说老人把信件从“the ground floor”拿到“the second floor”。bring up“拿上来”,符合语境;take away“拿走,带走”;move off“离开,出发”;set down“记下,放下”,均不符合语境。
2.A.occasion B.opportunity
C.ceremony D.anniversary
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,此处是指在特别的“场合”,与下文的other times作对比。occasion“场合”,符合语境;opportunity“机会”;ceremony“典礼,仪式”;anniversary“周年纪念日”,均不符合语境。
3.A.mustn’t B.mightn’t
C.wouldn’t D.needn’t
答案:C
解析:根据语境可知,此处是指老人坚信女儿一定不会忘记自己的生日。表示“一定不会”时,应用wouldn’t。
4.A.occasionally B.always
C.almost D.seldom
答案:D
解析:根据下文可知,迈拉由于工作繁忙,平常很少给妈妈写信。seldom“很少,不常”,符合语境;occasionally“偶尔,间或”;always“总是,一直”;almost“差不多,几乎”,均不符合语境。
5.A.unhappily B.unfortunately
C.unforgettably D.unkindly
答案:B
解析:根据常识可知,最爱的女儿伊妮德的离去自然是一件“不幸”的事情。unfortunately“不幸地”,符合语境;unhappily“不开心地”;unforgettably“令人难忘地”;unkindly“刻薄地,不客气地”,均不符合语境。
6.A.casual B.remote
C.special D.conventional
答案:C
解析:根据常识可知,“人生70古来稀”,80岁生日自然尤为“特别”。special“特别的”,符合语境;casual“随便的,临时的”;remote“遥远的,疏远的”;conventional“传统的,常见的”,均不符合语境。
7.A.Even if B.So that
C.In case D.Now that
答案:A
解析:句意:即使迈拉不来,她也会送一份礼物。由句意可知,前后分句之间为一种让步关系,所以应用表示让步关系的连词even if,意为“即使”。
8.A.proud B.capable
C.sure D.afraid
答案:C
解析:根据下文的描述可知,老人坚信她的女儿即便不来也会送她礼物。be sure of为固定短语,意为“坚信,确信”,符合语境。
9.A.sharpened B.weakened
C.widened D.brightened
答案:D
解析:根据下文中的“She would enjoy her day!”可知,此处应指老人红光满面,面露喜色。brighten“使闪亮,使快乐,使露喜色”,符合语境。
10.A.excited B.alarmed
C.inspired D.satisfied
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,老人此时兴奋得像个孩子。excited“兴奋的,激动的”,符合语境。
11.A.thinking B.imagining
C.welcoming D.watching
答案:D
解析:根据上下文语境可知,此句是指老人久久地站在门口,期盼着礼物的到来。因此选watching最符合语境,意为“守望,眺望”。
12.A.steadily B.wildly
C.nervously D.randomly
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,此处应选wildly,该词是一种夸张的表达,旨在体现老人无法掩饰的、因迫切而慌乱激动的心情。
13.A.discontent B.loneliness
C.disappointment D.annoyance
答案:C
解析:根据上下文语境可知,此句是指老人的心情由先前“狂乱的兴奋”跌至“沉重的失望”,是一种修辞上的对比。disappointment“失望,沮丧”,符合语境。
14.A.patient B.anxious
C.urgent D.mild
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,此句是指老人自我解嘲、自我安慰的一种无奈的表达,同时也暗含着一丝苦涩的期盼,所以老人告诫自己还要“耐心一点儿”。patient“耐心的”,符合语境。
15.A.immediately B.cheerfully
C.angrily D.unwillingly
答案:D
解析:根据语境可知,此句是指老人对自己期盼的“礼物”非常失望,因此不愿意打开它。unwillingly“不情愿地,勉强地”,符合语境;immediately“立刻,马上”;cheerfully“高高兴兴地”;angrily“愤怒地”,均不符合语境。
16.A.Pinned B.Folded
C.Lined D.Roped
答案:B
解析:根据下文的“a piece of paper”可知,此处应选fold,意为“折叠,合拢”,表示“在卡片里折了一张纸”。
17.A.card B.bonus
C.cheque D.cash
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的“The cheque moved quickly...”可知,此处应选cheque,意为“支票”,符合语境。
18.A.bent B.leaned
C.struggled D.stretched
答案:A
解析:综合考虑老人此时的心情和神态可知,她拾起支票的姿势应该是“弯腰”。bend“弯腰,弯曲”,符合语境。lean“倾斜,倚靠”;struggle“努力,挣扎”,是一个中性词汇,不能体现身体的姿势;stretch“伸展,延伸”,均不符合语境。
19.A.painful B.sad
C.expensive D.lovely
答案:D
解析:根据语境可知,此处应选lovely,表达的是一种强烈的讽刺效果,增强了语言的表现力。而painful,sad两词会使语言的色调索然无味,暗淡无光。
20.A.moving B.trembling
C.reacting D.freezing
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,当老人看到女儿给自己的礼物竟然是一张支票时,她感到既失望又痛心,所以应选trembling,意为“颤抖的,战栗的”,生动地表现了老人当时的心情和神态;moving“动人的”;reacting“反应的”;freezing“冰冻的,严寒的”,均不符合语境。
三、书面表达
假如你是李华,最近你在浏览一个新西兰中学网站时,看到一位名叫汤姆的中学生的留言,他计划在暑假期间到北京旅游,希望能有一名中国学生做他的导游。你对此很感兴趣,请根据以下要点提示写一封e-mail给他,介绍你的相关情况。
主要内容包括:1.希望做他的导游;
2.打算如何给他做导游;
3.期盼他的回复。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加情节,以使行文连贯;
3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
Recently,while browsing a senior high school website of New Zealand,I saw the message you posted on it.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
参考范文:
Dear Tom,
Recently,while browsing a senior high school website of New Zealand,I saw the message you posted on it.I get to know your wishes that you intend to travel in Beijing during the summer vacation with a Chinese student as your guide.
Learning this news,I am really willing to travel with you and introduce Beijing to you.I know as a brilliant guide I am supposed to make your journey interesting and meaningful.For one thing,I will keep you company visiting numerous great places of interest and enjoy the wonderful sightseeing.For another,I am going to tell you the long and rich history of Beijing.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
题型五书面表达
专题二十一 提纲类与应用文
针对高考训练
一、单项填空
1.(2024河北唐山一中高三调研考试)I want to open the door,but it open.
A.couldn’t B.won’t
C.wouldn’t D.mustn’t
答案:B
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意:我想把门打开,但它打不开了。will 此处为“通常会……”,(用于表明某动作通常以特定方式发生)。could/would 常用于虚拟语气;mustn’t 表禁止,意思不符。
2.(2024山西忻州一中联考)— Will you please spare me a few minutes now?
— ,but I’ll be free in half an hour.
A.No,I can’t B.Yes,with pleasure
C.No problem D.I’m afraid not
答案:D
解析:考查交际用语。句意:“请问你现在能腾出几分钟给我吗?”“ ,但是我半小时后有空。”说明是委婉拒绝了,I’m afraid not“恐怕不能”;No,I can’t“不,我不能”(不够礼貌);Yes,with pleasure“是,很乐意”;No problem“没问题”,都和句意不符。
3.You trust an online shop just because it has a beautifully-designed website.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t
C.couldn’t D.needn’t
答案:A
解析:考查情态动词。shouldn’t“不应该”,表示建议。mustn’t “禁止”,表示命令。couldn’t “不能,无法”,表示能力。needn’t “不需要”。根据句中的原因状语从句,可以判断出本句想表达的是建议,所以选择 shouldn’t 最合适。
4.Hello!I’m calling to cancel the appointment I with Dr.Smith.
A.am making B.have made
C.will make D.had made
答案:B
解析:句意:你好,我打电话来取消我和史密斯医生的约会。the appointment后加了定语从句,从句的时态为现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,故选B项。
5.There comes a time in every boy’s life he must take on responsibilities.
A.when B.how
C.why D.where
答案:A
解析:句意:在每个男孩的生命中会有他必须承担某种责任的时候。a time是先行词,“ he must take on responsibilities”是定语从句修饰这个先行词。关系词要在这个从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when。
6.Each person has his/her unique character which him/her from others.
A.differs B.distinguishes
C.divides D.draws
答案:B
解析:differ是不及物动词不能直接跟宾语him/her。distinguish是及物动词,后跟sb. from sb. 表示“使某人与某人不同”。
7.In spite of severe financial crisis,many countries refuse to seek economic development the environment.
A.at the risk of B.at the cost of
C.at the mercy of D.at the service of
答案:B
解析:句意:尽管有严重的金融危机,许多国家还是拒绝以牺牲环境为代价来发展经济。at the risk of“冒着……的危险”;at the cost of“以……为代价”;at the mercy of“任由……摆布”;at the service of“任凭……的使用”。
8.—Sorry,but I still don’t quite understand that phrase.
—OK,let me make another sentence to its meaning.
A.bring about
B.bring up
C.bring out D.bring in
答案:C
解析:答句句意:好,那让我再造一个句子展示一下它的意思。此处要用bring out “显露;展示”;bring about“产生”;bring up“教育;提出”;bring in“引进;挣钱”。
9.(2024辽宁大连育明高级中学高三验收)I’ll go to the party with you you don’t wear those strange trousers.
A.as though B.in order that
C.in that D.providing
答案:D
解析:考查状语从句。句意:倘若你不穿那么怪异的裤子的话,我就和你一起去聚会。as though“仿佛”;in order that“为了”;in that“在于”;providing“假如”。从语境可知后句话you don’t wear those strange trousers.是前面句子I’ll go to the party with you的条件,故选D项。
10.—You’ve got a stomachache?But we ate at the same place.How come my stomach is fine?
—You have an iron stomach!Mine isn’t strong.
A.as B.such
C.much D.enough
答案:A
解析:答句句意:你有一个铁肚子,我的不如你的健壮。此处是isn’t as strong as yours的省略。
二、完形填空
It was the old lady’s birthday.She got up early to be ready for the post.From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street,and a little boy,Johnnie, 1 her letters from the ground floor on the rare 2 when anything came.
Today she was sure there would be something.Myra 3 forget her mother’s birthday,even if she 4 wrote at other times.Of course Myra was busy,but 5 ,Enid,the daughter the old lady loved most,died two years ago.Since then Myra had been to see her mother three times,but her husband,Harold,never.
The old lady was eighty today.She had put on her best dress.Perhaps—perhaps Myra might come.After all,eighty was a 6 birthday,another decade lined or tolerated just as you chose to look at it. 7 Myra did not come,she would send a present.The old lady was 8 of that.Two spots of colour 9 her cheeks.She was 10 like a child.She would enjoy her day!
Now,she stood by the window, 11 .The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle.Her heart beat 12 .Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate.Then clatter (咔嗒声),clatter up the stairs.Johnnie knocked at her door.He had got her post—four envelopes.Three were unclosed cards from old friends.The fourth was closed,in Myra’s writing.The old lady felt a sharp pain of 13 .There was no parcel for her!Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post.That was it.It would come later by parcel post.She said to herself.She must be 14 .
Almost 15 she tore the envelope open. 16 in the card was a piece of paper.Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday—Buy yourself something nice with the 17 ,Myra and Harold.The cheque moved quickly to and for in the air to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.Slowly the old lady 18 to pick it up.Her present!Her 19 present!With 20 fingers she tore it into little bits.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位80岁老人在生日来临之际对自己唯一的亲人的殷殷期盼,但她最终盼来的却是一种无言的伤痛和失望。
1A.took away B.brought up
C.moved off D.set down
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,此句是说老人把信件从“the ground floor”拿到“the second floor”。bring up“拿上来”,符合语境;take away“拿走,带走”;move off“离开,出发”;set down“记下,放下”,均不符合语境。
2.A.occasion B.opportunity
C.ceremony D.anniversary
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,此处是指在特别的“场合”,与下文的other times作对比。occasion“场合”,符合语境;opportunity“机会”;ceremony“典礼,仪式”;anniversary“周年纪念日”,均不符合语境。
3.A.mustn’t B.mightn’t
C.wouldn’t D.needn’t
答案:C
解析:根据语境可知,此处是指老人坚信女儿一定不会忘记自己的生日。表示“一定不会”时,应用wouldn’t。
4.A.occasionally B.always
C.almost D.seldom
答案:D
解析:根据下文可知,迈拉由于工作繁忙,平常很少给妈妈写信。seldom“很少,不常”,符合语境;occasionally“偶尔,间或”;always“总是,一直”;almost“差不多,几乎”,均不符合语境。
5.A.unhappily B.unfortunately
C.unforgettably D.unkindly
答案:B
解析:根据常识可知,最爱的女儿伊妮德的离去自然是一件“不幸”的事情。unfortunately“不幸地”,符合语境;unhappily“不开心地”;unforgettably“令人难忘地”;unkindly“刻薄地,不客气地”,均不符合语境。
6.A.casual B.remote
C.special D.conventional
答案:C
解析:根据常识可知,“人生70古来稀”,80岁生日自然尤为“特别”。special“特别的”,符合语境;casual“随便的,临时的”;remote“遥远的,疏远的”;conventional“传统的,常见的”,均不符合语境。
7.A.Even if B.So that
C.In case D.Now that
答案:A
解析:句意:即使迈拉不来,她也会送一份礼物。由句意可知,前后分句之间为一种让步关系,所以应用表示让步关系的连词even if,意为“即使”。
8.A.proud B.capable
C.sure D.afraid
答案:C
解析:根据下文的描述可知,老人坚信她的女儿即便不来也会送她礼物。be sure of为固定短语,意为“坚信,确信”,符合语境。
9.A.sharpened B.weakened
C.widened D.brightened
答案:D
解析:根据下文中的“She would enjoy her day!”可知,此处应指老人红光满面,面露喜色。brighten“使闪亮,使快乐,使露喜色”,符合语境。
10.A.excited B.alarmed
C.inspired D.satisfied
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,老人此时兴奋得像个孩子。excited“兴奋的,激动的”,符合语境。
11.A.thinking B.imagining
C.welcoming D.watching
答案:D
解析:根据上下文语境可知,此句是指老人久久地站在门口,期盼着礼物的到来。因此选watching最符合语境,意为“守望,眺望”。
12.A.steadily B.wildly
C.nervously D.randomly
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,此处应选wildly,该词是一种夸张的表达,旨在体现老人无法掩饰的、因迫切而慌乱激动的心情。
13.A.discontent B.loneliness
C.disappointment D.annoyance
答案:C
解析:根据上下文语境可知,此句是指老人的心情由先前“狂乱的兴奋”跌至“沉重的失望”,是一种修辞上的对比。disappointment“失望,沮丧”,符合语境。
14.A.patient B.anxious
C.urgent D.mild
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,此句是指老人自我解嘲、自我安慰的一种无奈的表达,同时也暗含着一丝苦涩的期盼,所以老人告诫自己还要“耐心一点儿”。patient“耐心的”,符合语境。
15.A.immediately B.cheerfully
C.angrily D.unwillingly
答案:D
解析:根据语境可知,此句是指老人对自己期盼的“礼物”非常失望,因此不愿意打开它。unwillingly“不情愿地,勉强地”,符合语境;immediately“立刻,马上”;cheerfully“高高兴兴地”;angrily“愤怒地”,均不符合语境。
16.A.Pinned B.Folded
C.Lined D.Roped
答案:B
解析:根据下文的“a piece of paper”可知,此处应选fold,意为“折叠,合拢”,表示“在卡片里折了一张纸”。
17.A.card B.bonus
C.cheque D.cash
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的“The cheque moved quickly...”可知,此处应选cheque,意为“支票”,符合语境。
18.A.bent B.leaned
C.struggled D.stretched
答案:A
解析:综合考虑老人此时的心情和神态可知,她拾起支票的姿势应该是“弯腰”。bend“弯腰,弯曲”,符合语境。lean“倾斜,倚靠”;struggle“努力,挣扎”,是一个中性词汇,不能体现身体的姿势;stretch“伸展,延伸”,均不符合语境。
19.A.painful B.sad
C.expensive D.lovely
答案:D
解析:根据语境可知,此处应选lovely,表达的是一种强烈的讽刺效果,增强了语言的表现力。而painful,sad两词会使语言的色调索然无味,暗淡无光。
20.A.moving B.trembling
C.reacting D.freezing
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,当老人看到女儿给自己的礼物竟然是一张支票时,她感到既失望又痛心,所以应选trembling,意为“颤抖的,战栗的”,生动地表现了老人当时的心情和神态;moving“动人的”;reacting“反应的”;freezing“冰冻的,严寒的”,均不符合语境。
三、书面表达
假如你是李华,最近你在浏览一个新西兰中学网站时,看到一位名叫汤姆的中学生的留言,他计划在暑假期间到北京旅游,希望能有一名中国学生做他的导游。你对此很感兴趣,请根据以下要点提示写一封e-mail给他,介绍你的相关情况。
主要内容包括:1.希望做他的导游;
2.打算如何给他做导游;
3.期盼他的回复。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加情节,以使行文连贯;
3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
Recently,while browsing a senior high school website of New Zealand,I saw the message you posted on it.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
参考范文:
Dear Tom,
Recently,while browsing a senior high school website of New Zealand,I saw the message you posted on it.I get to know your wishes that you intend to travel in Beijing during the summer vacation with a Chinese student as your guide.
Learning this news,I am really willing to travel with you and introduce Beijing to you.I know as a brilliant guide I am supposed to make your journey interesting and meaningful.For one thing,I will keep you company visiting numerous great places of interest and enjoy the wonderful sightseeing.For another,I am going to tell you the long and rich history of Beijing.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
