2024届高考英语一轮复习学案：选修8 unit 22 Environmental Protection（北师大版）
Ⅰ.核心单词→识记·思考·运用
一、单词拼写
1．*They ________(主张) that we should establish a day－care center.
2．*(2024·江苏，阅读A) Always get rid of your rubbish properly and ________ (回收利用) waste(e.g.glass，paper) where possible.
3．(2024·新课标全国I，满分作文)You can write anything ________(相关的)so long as it's interesting and informative.
4．Watching the event on television was a poor ________(代替品)for actually being there.
5．The politics of this will be ________(艰难的)，but it was the right thing to do.
6．*(2024·天津，阅读D)They are ________(潜力)powers we possess：energy，skill，sound judgment，creative ideas.
7．(2024·福建，23)It was ________(体贴的) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
8．That's the most incredible ________(巧合) I've ever heard of!
9．(2024·广东，阅读C)Anderson suggests that television cannot be ________(宣判)without considering other influences.
10．(2024·江苏，阅读A)Keep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging ________(脆弱的) plants.
答案 1.advocated 2.recycle 3.relevant 4.substitute 5.rough
6．potential 7.considerate 8.coincidence 9.condemned 10.fragile
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2024·天津，完形)The ________(separate)between us has proved to be a blessing for me.
2．(2024·北京，阅读填句)Even in advanced ________(agriculture) societies，it took about ninety－five people on farms to feed five people in cities.
3．The schools must ________(adoption)new methods of teaching foreign languages.
4．Market is an effective means in ________(allocate) of resources.
5．Some members of the committee expressed ________(reserve) about the proposal.
6．The incident ________(threat) to ruin his chances in the election.
7．My ________(calculate) is based on notional figures，since the actual figures are not yet available.
8．Henry was forced to leave his motherland for ________(politics) reasons.
9．He always ________ the needs of others.So we can say he is quite ________．(consider)
10．I bought a ________ to ________ my pencil yesterday.(sharp)
答案 1.separation 2.agricultural 3.adopt 4.allocation 5.reservations 6.threatened 7.calculation 8.political 9.considers；considerate 10.sharp sharpener；sharpen
三、开心词场
The experts and consultants adopt the suggestion that the construction of irrigation works be built in the mountainous area after careful consideration.By coincidence，severe droughts threaten some forest reserves.Sacrifice of ecology is against our principle and advocacy.
【联想·积累】
表示“支持，拥护”的词汇
①advocate vt.提倡；拥护
②back vt.支持
③support vt.支持，帮助
④in favour of 支持，赞同
与“环境”相关的单词
①species n. 物种
②pollution n．污染
③atmosphere n．大气层
④conservation n. (自然资源的)保护
⑤resource n．资源
⑥recycle v．回收利用
识记以－al为后缀的高频单词
①arrival n．到达
②criminal n．犯罪分子；罪犯
③traditional adj.传统的
④survival n．生存，存活，幸存
⑤central adj.中心的，中央的
⑥approval n. 赞同
⑦punctual adj.准时的
词汇拓展
①reserve n．自然保护区vt.保留；预订→reserved adj.预订的，保留的→reservation n．预订；保留；保护
②finance n．资金→financial adj.财政的；金融的
③politics n．政治(活动)→political adj.政治的→politician n．政治家
Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用
一、补全短语
1．earn one's ________ 谋生
2．________ a matter of fact 实际上
3．a number ________许多
4．________ one's control 超出……的控制，不受……的控制
5．call ________ an end to sth 要求结束……
6．________ somebody's behalf 代表……
7．*all ________ all 总的来说
答案 1.living 2.as 3.of 4.beyond 5.for 6.on 7.in
二、短语填空
carry off；break away from；look ahead；answer for；*lead to；in turn；ahead of；
apart from
1．____________the injuries to his face and hands，he broke both legs.
2．Thieves ____________ the farmer's sheep during the night.
3．____________ in the distance，and you can see the lights of the village.
4．It was his carelessness that ____________ his failure in the exam.
5．Your attitude affects others which ____________ affect you.
6．If you go on doing this，we won't ____________ the consequence.
7．I thought we'd be late for the concert，but we ended up getting there ____________ time.
8．I was encouraged to ____________ old forms and rules.
答案 1.Apart from 2.carried off 3.Look ahead 4.led to 5.in turn
6．answer for 7.ahead of 8.break away from
【联想·积累】
all短语来开会
①at all (常用于否定句和条件从句中以加强语气)
②after all 毕竟；终究
③in all 总共
④first of all 首先，第一
⑤above all 首先，最重要的是
⑥all in all 总的来说
说说表示“引起，导致”的词汇
①cause
②bring about
③lead to
④result in
⑤contribute to
Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用
1．*Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(given用作介词，表示“鉴于；考虑到；倘若”)
鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地
[仿写]________________，I think Ye Shiwen has done rather well.
考虑到目前的条件，我认为叶诗文已做得相当出色。
2．The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.(see
近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。
[仿写]________________ the rapid development of China.
过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。
答案 1.Given the present conditions 2.The last 30 years have witnessed/seen【联想·积累】
given用法小结
(1) given用作介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若，假定”。
(2)表示“考虑到……；倘若，假设……”时，given后还可接that从句。
Ⅳ.单元语法→识记·思考·运用
转述结构；被动语态(Ⅲ)
单句语法填空
1．The plan is going to ____________(carry) out next week.
2．I was made ____________(copy) ten pages of the book.
3．The film is worthy ____________(see)．
4．He said he ____________(go) to Beijing to pay a visit to his uncle the next day.
5．The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ____________(lay) for a meal to be cooked.
6．*In many people's opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant ____________(deal) with.
答案 1.be carried 2.to copy 3.to be seen 4.would go 5.laid 6.to deal
【联想·积累】
主动形式表示被动意义小结
主语＋be ＋adj.＋to do：不定式一般用主动式。当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词
❷be worth后常接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
need，want，require，deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
[单 词 点 睛]
1．trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套；捕捉器
[教材原句]Because of the greenhouse effect，the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。
写出下列句中trap的词性和含义
①Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse.____________
②Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.____________
③The only thing the wolf could do was climbing up to the ground from the trap.____________
④It's no longer possible to trap a sensible man into marriage.____________
⑤The police set a trap to catch the thief.____________
(1)trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套
be/get trapped in 被困在……中
(2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入……的圈套
set/lay a trap for 为……设圈套
⑥Don't fall ________ the trap of ________(invest)all your money in one place.
不要把你所有的钱都投资到一个地方，那样做不明智。
⑦I was trapped into ________(admit)I had done something wrong.我被诱骗承认我做错了事。
答案 ①vt.使困住 ②n.捕鱼器 ③n. 陷阱 ④vt.诱骗 ⑤n. 圈套 ⑥into；
investing ⑦admitting
【联想归纳】表示“被困于……中
①be/get locked in ②be/get caught in
③be/get stuck in ④be/get blocked in
2．reserve vi.储备；保存；保留；预订n.保护区；储备
[高考例句](2024·广东，阅读A)The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only.
想象的力量不必仅仅为儿童保留。
(1)a nature reserve 自然保护区
in reserve 贮存；备用
(2)reserve sth for sb/sth 为某人/某物保留、预定……
(3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)
make a reservation 预订(座位、房间等)
①I'd like to reserve a table ________ three at eight o'clock.我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
②Margaret made a ________(reserve)at/in her favorite hotel in Singapore.
玛格丽特订了她在新加坡最喜欢的饭店。
答案 ①for ②reservation
3．advocate vt.主张 n．提倡者，拥护者
[高考例句](2024·浙江，满分作文)Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.
很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。
(1)advocate (doing) sth 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事
advocate that...主张……，从句谓语动词用(should＋动词原形)
(2)be an advocate of/for ……的提倡者/拥护者
①We advocated that everyone in our school ________(donate)some money to the earthquake－stricken area.
我们提倡在学校里的每个人都为地震灾区捐些钱。
②Do you advocate ________(ban) cars in this city centre？你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗？
答案 ①(should) donate ②banning
4．substitute vt.& vi.(用……)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品
[教材原句]After all，there's no substitute for our Earth.毕竟，地球是不可取代的。
(1)a substitute for...……的替代者
(2)substitute A for B ＝ substitute B with/by A用A代替/取代B
substitute for 代替，取代
①She is seeking ________ substitute ________ the very man whose departure made her cry.
那个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补空缺。
②We substitute the red balls ________ the blue ones，to see if the baby would notice.
＝We substitute the blue balls ________ the red ones，to see if the baby would notice.
我们用红色球代替蓝色球看是否能够引起宝宝的注意。
答案 ①a；for ②for；with/by
5．means n．方式，方法；手段
[高考例句](2024·重庆，写作二)In addition，we have more choices by means of wild release.
此外，通过自由分享的方式
means of(doing)sth (做)某事的方法、途径
by means of 借助……的手段
by all means 可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必
by no means 决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后倒装)
by this means 用这种方法
①It is ________________ clear what the president can do to end the strike.
总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚
②Only by this means ________________ possible to persuade him.
只有用这种方法才能说服他。
③By no means ________________ be separated from practice.
学校教学决不能脱离实践。
④As is known to us all，Ye Shiwen succeeded ________________ hard working.
众所周知，叶诗文依靠刻苦训练而获得成功。
答案 ①by no means ②is it ③can teaching in school ④by means of
【名师指津】 means“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形，当means作主语且有every，each等表示单数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等表示复数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
6．adopt vt.采用，采纳，收养
[牛津例句]The courts were asked to adopt a more flexible approach to young offenders.
法庭被要求对年轻罪犯采取较灵活的处理方法。
(1)adopt one's suggestion 采纳某人的建议
the adopted son
(2)adoption n．收养；采用
①I like your methods of teaching and I ________(adopt)them in my class.
我喜欢你的教学方法，我将在我的课堂上采用。
②Having no child of their own，the couple decided ________(adopt) the orphan.
由于没有自己的子女，那对夫妇决
【名师指津】 adopt与adapt词形相近，但意思不同：adopt“采纳；采用；收养”；adapt“适应；改编；改写”，常用搭配是adapt (oneself) to，表示“适应”。
③The young couple had no children of their own and ________ an orphan.After a few months，the child came to ________ to his new life.
这对年轻夫妇没有亲生孩子，领养了一名孤儿。几个月过后这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。
答案 ①shall adopt ②to adopt ③adopted；adapt
[短 语 点 拨]
1．lead to引起，导致，造成(后果)；通向
[教材原句]Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that，in turn，leads to climate change.
