2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测：必修5.1《Great Scientists》（讲）（解析版）
必修5
Unit 1 Great Scientists
单元知识预览
项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）
重点单词 1．characteristic n．特征；特性 2．conclude vt. & vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束 3．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n．失败 4．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposion n．暴露
6．cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗 7．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenger n．挑战者 8．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 9．suspect vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion n．怀疑→suspicious adj.有疑心的 10．foresee vt.预见；预告→foretell v．预言→forecast v．预报
11．blame vt.责备；谴责 n．过失；责备 12．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染 13．handle n．柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵 14．link vt. & n．连接；联系 15．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告 16．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．教授；传授→instructions n．指示，说明
17．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物 18．contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献 19．spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱) 20．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃
重点短语 1．put forward 提出 2．draw a conclusion
得出结论 3．expose...to
使显露；暴露 4．link...to...
将……和……联系或连接起来 5．apart from
除……之外；此外
6．make sense
讲得通；有意义 7．look into
调查；研究 8．at times
有时 9．be against
反对 10．(be) strict with
对……严格的 11．be to blame
应受责备 12．with certainty
肯定地
经典句型
（高考书面表达必备） 1．John Snow was a famous doctor in London－so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
2．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解对它的治疗。
3．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
4．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
一位从宽街搬来的女士如此喜欢水泵里的水以至于她让人每天把水泵里的水送到她家。
必备语法（高级句型） 情态动词和虚拟语气（2）
晨读范文背诵
背诵这篇范文
假设你是李华，在一所中学读书。最近收到美国中学生Alex Nelson的来信。作为姊妹学校的交流生，他两个月前访问过你校，听说有个“六艺俱乐部（Liuyi Club）的学生社团。希望进一步了解有关情况。请根据以下要点，给他写一封信，介绍俱乐部的情况。
成立时间：2024
六艺：中国传统的文化艺术，如书法、音乐、绘画等
俱乐部宗旨：宣传中国文化、交友
经常组织的活动：
中国书法、绘画竞赛
免费中国书法课程
中国文化讲座
学生社团：Student society
中国书法：Chinese calligraphy
注意：1．词数100左右;
2．可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯
3．开头语已为你写好
【答案】I was so p1eased to hear from you and am writing to tel1 you something about Liuyi Club. Founded in 2024, Liuyi Club is a student society on Chinese traditional culture, especially the Chinese calligraphy. “Luiyi” means “the six arts”, a general term referring to a variety of the traditional Chinese arts.
Since 2010, Liuyi Club has organized various activities aiming at promoting traditional Chinese arts. Some of the regularly held events include Chinese calligraphy and paining competition, free Chinese calligraphy courses for students in the school, lectures on Chinese culture and traditions.
Liuyi Club is a place for students from different classes to make friends who have common interests in the Chinese arts. Through various activities, members enjoy rich opportunities to improve communication and teamwork abilities.
语言知识精析
重点单词精讲
考点1．conclusion n．结论；结束
【教材原句】Draw a conclusion得出结论
【例句研读】
（1）What conclusion did you come to?你得出了什么结论？
（2）She concluded her performance with a poem.她以一首诗结束了她的表演。
【归纳拓展】
conclude
vt.& vi. 结束；推断出
in conclusion
最后，总之
come to/draw/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论
conclude sth (from…)
(从……)推断出某事
conclude sth with/by…
以……结束某事
【即时巩固】
（1）Let me
my speech with a saying：All roads lead to Rome.
让我用一句谚语结束我的演讲：条条大道通罗马。
（2）I
the conclusion that she forgot my birthday.
我得出结论她忘了我的生日。
（3）________________，I would like to thank all of you for all your help.
最后，我感谢你们对我的所有的帮助。
【答案】（3）conclude （4）drew（5）In conclusion
考点2．attend vt.& vi.照料，护理；出席，参加
【教材原句】John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。
【例句研读】
(1)We'd like as many people as possible to attend the wedding.
我们希望有尽可能多的人参加婚礼。
(2)Don't stay up too late watching TV! You have to attend school next morning.
不要熬夜看电视！你明天早晨还要上学呢。
【归纳拓展】
attendant n．服务员，侍者
attendance n.
出席，参加；上学；出席人数
attend a lecture/movie/meeting 听演讲/看电影/参加会议
attend a class
听课
attend school
上学
attend on/upon sb
伺候某人，照顾某人
attend to
处理，对付；照料；接待(客人)
【易混辨析】
attend, join, join in与take part in
这些动词(短语)均含“参加，加入”之意。
(1)attend 侧重参加或出席会议、演讲、上学或学术活动等。
(2)join为普通用词，指加入党派、团体从而使自己成为该党派或团体的一员，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.
我永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。
(3)join in通常指参加某项活动，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动。如果表示“与某人一起做某事”或“和某人在一起”，则用join sb in sth/doing sth。如：
Would you join me in a walk?
你和我一起散步好吗？
Will you join us in a game of cards?
你加入我们来玩牌好吗？
(4)take part in 侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。如：
Switzerland did not take part in the two world wars.
瑞士没有参加两次世界大战。
【即时巩固】
(1)I'm afraid I can't go to your party tonight, for I've something important________.
恐怕今晚我不能参加你的聚会了，因为我有重要的事情要处理。
(2)“Are you___________, sir？” said an assistant to the customer.
“先生，有人接待您吗？”一位店员问这位顾客。
（3）He was very tired after the long run, and expected somebody ______________ him.
长跑之后他感到非常疲劳，很想有个人来照顾自己一下。
【答案】（1）to attend to（2）being attended to（3）to attend on
考点3．expose vt.使暴露，揭露，显露，使接触，使曝光
【教材原句】But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到振奋。
【例句研读】
(1)My job as a journalist is to expose the truth.我作为记者的职责就是揭露事实。 (2) The student has been exposed to English for about six years.这个学生接触英语六年左右了。
【归纳拓展】
exposure n. 暴露，显露；揭露，揭发 expose sth./sb./oneself (to...)显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(给……) be exposed to 暴露于……
【即时巩固】
(1)Don't ________ babies ________ strong sunlight. 不要让婴儿受到强烈的日光照射。
(2)It's very dangerous for anyone to __________________the virus without any protection.
任何人没有保护的暴露在病毒中是很危险的。
(3)Potatoes will turn green when ___________________ light.
当土豆暴露在光线下会变绿。
考点4．cure n．痊愈，治愈 vt.治愈；治疗
【教材原句】Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。
【例句研读】
(1)The medicine could cure him of his stomach ache.
这药能治愈他的胃痛．
(2) Doctors are searching for a cure for AIDS.
医生们正在寻找艾滋病的治疗方法。
【归纳拓展】
curable
adj. 可治愈的
cure sb of sth. 治愈；矫正，改正(不良习惯等)
a cure for…
针对……的疗法
【温馨提示】
注意：cure后不能直接跟双宾语，要用of引出其直接宾语，用法相似的词还有：
accuse sb.of sth.指控、指责某人某事 inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事
remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事 rob sb.of sth.抢某人某物
warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事 convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 suspect sb.of sth.怀疑某人某事
【易混辨析】
cure与treat
(1)cure 指治愈疾病，消除痛苦，戒除恶习、弊端、嗜好等，强调结果，可构成cure sb of…结构。
(2)treat 强调治疗过程，不强调结果，常用于treat sth with sth 结构。如：
The doctor treated her cancer with a new medicine, but didn't cure her.
医生用一种新药为她治疗癌症，但是没有把她治好。
【即时巩固】
(1)His job will ______________ his laziness.
他的工作会改掉他懒惰的毛病。
(2)What is the best _____________ a cold?
针对感冒最好的疗法是什么?
(3)A famous doctor is going to ____________ for his illness.
一位著名的医生要治疗他的病。
考点5．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；吞并；使专心
【教材原句】The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法是人们吃饭的时候把这种病毒带入体内。
【例句研读】
(1)He pretends to be absorbed in listening.他假装在专心听讲。 (2)Absorbed in his thoughts，the scientist didn't notice what had happened before him.
这位科学家陷入沉思中，没有注意到眼前所发生的事。
【归纳拓展】
be absorbed by被……吞并；为……所吸收
be/get absorbed in全神贯注于……；一心从事；热衷于
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
absorb oneself in＝be absorbed in全神贯注于……
表示“集中注意力于……，致力于……”的常用短语还有：
①be devoted to
②be buried in
③be bent on
④focus...on/upon...
⑤concentrate...on...
⑥be applied to
【即时巩固】
(1)Black cloth __________ light.黑色布料吸收光线。 (2)Did you ______ everything the professor said?教授说的你全部理解了吗？ (3)He ________________ deep thought.他陷入沉思。 【答案】(1)absorbs
(2)absorb (3)was absorbed in
考点6．suspect vt.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯adj.不可信的；靠不住的
【教材原句】John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.约翰·斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。
【例句研读】
(1)They suspect him of giving false evidence.
他们怀疑他提供伪证。
(2)I suspected that there is something wrong with the engine.
我怀疑发动机出了什么故障。
【归纳拓展】
suspect＋sb./sth.怀疑某人或某事
suspect sb.of doing sth.怀疑某人做某事
suspect sb.to be...怀疑某人是……
suspect that(从句)．..怀疑……
【即时巩固】
(1)I began to _________ (that) they were trying to get rid of me. 我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。 (2)What made you _________ her ______ having taken the money？
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？ (3)The police arrested the _________ yesterday. 警方昨天逮捕了那个嫌疑犯。 【答案】(1)suspect(2)suspect；of (3)suspect
考点7．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n．责怪；(过失、过错等)责任
【教材原句】It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。
【例句研读】
(1)Citizens are laying the blame on the government for acting too late.
市民们谴责政府行动太迟缓。
(2)She blamed her parents for the failure of her marriage.
＝She blamed the failure of her marriage on her parents.她把婚姻的失败归咎于自己的父母。
