2024届高考英语一轮复习《全优课堂》核心语法项项破课件：专题7 定语从句（新人教版）

　　专题七　定语从句 一、关系代词与关系副词的选择 如果定语从句中缺乏主语、宾语或表语则使用关系代词who、whom、which或that引导定语从句；如果定语从句中缺乏状语则使用关系副词why、when或where引导定语从句。 用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子 1. Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ______ you can hear some lovely music.(2024北京) 2．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.(2024天津) 3．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_______ he should be able to be independent.(2024陕西) 4．The books on the desk, ________covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(2024四川) 5. Among the many dangers_________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.(2024江西) 6．Students should involve themselves in community activities_______ they can gain experience for growth.(2024福建) 7．He wrote a letter ________he explained what had happened in the accident.(2024江西) 8．The reason ________ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes. 【答案】1.where 2.where 3.when　4.whose 5.that/which　6.where　7.where　8.why 二、 关系代词that 与which 的区别 分类 规则 只用that，不用which的情况 1.先行词是all, somebody, everything, anywhere, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词时； 2．先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时； 3．先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时； 分类 规则 只用that，不用which的情况 4．先行词被the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰时； 5．先行词中既有人也有物时； 6．在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时 只用which，不用that的情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中指物时； 2．在“介词＋关系代词”结构中且先行词指物时。 用that或which完成下列句子 1．China Today

　　attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2024福建) 2．I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.(2024北京)

　　3．Please send us all the information _______ you have about the candidate for the position.(2024陕西) 4．I will tell you everything _______I have known about the accident. 【答案】1.which　2.which　3.that　4.that 三、关系代词who 与whom 的区别 分类 规则 只用who不用whom的情况 当先行词是one, ones, anyone, all, those等指人时 只用whom不用who的情况 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，且先行词指人时 用关系代词who或whom完成下列句子 1．Happiness and success often come to those ________are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2024湖南) 2．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________are family members.(2024重庆) 【答案】1.who　2.whom 四、关系代词as与which的区别 as 1.as作关系代词时，用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 2．as常用在下列习惯用语中： as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case(通常就是这样), as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。 as 3．“such/so…as…”意为“像……这样……”，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语等 which which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时，则只能位于句末 用关系代词as或which完成下列句子。 1．The number of smokers, _______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2024江苏) 2．Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _______ is quite unexpected.(2024四川) 3．Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2024, ________made one of the Chinese people's long­held dreams come true.(2024安徽) 4．________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2024陕西) 【答案】1.as　2.which　3.which　4.As 五、在“介词＋关系代词”中介词的选择 1．根据动词与介词的搭配。

　　Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 2．根据形容词与介词的搭配。

　　The boy to whom I want to be grateful is John. 3．根据从句的意义来确定介词。

　　I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.

　　4．表示“整体和部分关系”时，介词常用of。

　　(1)在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 (2)the＋比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。 根据句意，用适当的介词填空 1. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________which school education depends.(2024安徽) 2. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ________ whom are family members.(2024重庆) 3．There is a hole in the wall _______which you can see what is happening outside. 4．The local villagers take an active part in developing tourism, ________which they can make a huge profit. 5．Great changes have taken place in our hometown ________which we are all proud. 【答案】1.on/upon　2.of　3.through　4.from　5.of

　　六、way和time后接定语从句的情况 1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。

　　2．先行词 time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略； 当先行词 time作“一段时间；时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“at/during＋which”引导定语从句。

　　④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour, one day a week, testing pupils in every subject. 曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花费一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。 根据括号中的汉语提示完成下面的句子 1．I don't like the way ________(你和你母亲说话)． 【答案】that/in which you speak to your mother 2．I think that the way _____________(你昨天使用的) was effective. 【答案】that/which you used yesterday

　　3．This was the second time _____________ (我看这部电影)． 【答案】that I had seen the film

　　专题七　定语从句 一、关系代词与关系副词的选择 如果定语从句中缺乏主语、宾语或表语则使用关系代词who、whom、which或that引导定语从句；如果定语从句中缺乏状语则使用关系副词why、when或where引导定语从句。 用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子 1. Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ______ you can hear some lovely music.(2024北京) 2．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.(2024天津) 3．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_______ he should be able to be independent.(2024陕西) 4．The books on the desk, ________covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(2024四川) 5. Among the many dangers_________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.(2024江西) 6．Students should involve themselves in community activities_______ they can gain experience for growth.(2024福建) 7．He wrote a letter ________he explained what had happened in the accident.(2024江西) 8．The reason ________ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes. 【答案】1.where 2.where 3.when　4.whose 5.that/which　6.where　7.where　8.why 二、 关系代词that 与which 的区别 分类 规则 只用that，不用which的情况 1.先行词是all, somebody, everything, anywhere, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词时； 2．先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时； 3．先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时； 分类 规则 只用that，不用which的情况 4．先行词被the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰时； 5．先行词中既有人也有物时； 6．在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时 只用which，不用that的情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中指物时； 2．在“介词＋关系代词”结构中且先行词指物时。 用that或which完成下列句子 1．China Today

　　attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2024福建) 2．I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.(2024北京)

　　3．Please send us all the information _______ you have about the candidate for the position.(2024陕西) 4．I will tell you everything _______I have known about the accident. 【答案】1.which　2.which　3.that　4.that 三、关系代词who 与whom 的区别 分类 规则 只用who不用whom的情况 当先行词是one, ones, anyone, all, those等指人时 只用whom不用who的情况 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，且先行词指人时 用关系代词who或whom完成下列句子 1．Happiness and success often come to those ________are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2024湖南) 2．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________are family members.(2024重庆) 【答案】1.who　2.whom 四、关系代词as与which的区别 as 1.as作关系代词时，用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 2．as常用在下列习惯用语中： as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case(通常就是这样), as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。 as 3．“such/so…as…”意为“像……这样……”，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语等 which which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时，则只能位于句末 用关系代词as或which完成下列句子。 1．The number of smokers, _______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2024江苏) 2．Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _______ is quite unexpected.(2024四川) 3．Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2024, ________made one of the Chinese people's long­held dreams come true.(2024安徽) 4．________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2024陕西) 【答案】1.as　2.which　3.which　4.As 五、在“介词＋关系代词”中介词的选择 1．根据动词与介词的搭配。

　　Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 2．根据形容词与介词的搭配。

　　The boy to whom I want to be grateful is John. 3．根据从句的意义来确定介词。

　　I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.

　　4．表示“整体和部分关系”时，介词常用of。

　　(1)在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 (2)the＋比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。 根据句意，用适当的介词填空 1. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________which school education depends.(2024安徽) 2. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ________ whom are family members.(2024重庆) 3．There is a hole in the wall _______which you can see what is happening outside. 4．The local villagers take an active part in developing tourism, ________which they can make a huge profit. 5．Great changes have taken place in our hometown ________which we are all proud. 【答案】1.on/upon　2.of　3.through　4.from　5.of

　　六、way和time后接定语从句的情况 1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。

　　2．先行词 time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略； 当先行词 time作“一段时间；时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“at/during＋which”引导定语从句。

　　④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour, one day a week, testing pupils in every subject. 曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花费一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。 根据括号中的汉语提示完成下面的句子 1．I don't like the way ________(你和你母亲说话)． 【答案】that/in which you speak to your mother 2．I think that the way _____________(你昨天使用的) was effective. 【答案】that/which you used yesterday

　　3．This was the second time _____________ (我看这部电影)． 【答案】that I had seen the film