2024届高考英语一轮复习《全优课堂》核心语法项项破课件：专题1 名词和冠词（新人教版）
3．Have you got these jeans in _______ larger size? This pair is _______bit too small around my waist. 4．—The program Running Man in Zhejiang Satellite TV turned out________ success.Have you seen it?
—It's________ pity I haven't.But I have______ rough idea of what it about. 5．—How nice_______ jacket is! —Thank you.I bought it on_______ Internet. 6．Beijing's bid for______2024 Winter Olympics has driven public enthusiasm for winter sports to new heights. 7．—Have you heard of _____death of Nelson Mandela? —Oh.Really? It will be______ shock to the world. 8．Qingdao is _______most beautiful coastal city and I want to visit it ________second time. 9．It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky. 【答案】1.a 2.the; a 3.a; a 4.a; a; a 5.the; the 6.the 7.the; a 8.a; a 9.a; the 专题一 名词和冠词 一、名词的数 名词 分类 规则 典例 规则变化 一般情况下在词尾后加s dogs, houses 以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，先把y改成i，再加es universities, flies 以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，在词尾加s toys，boys 分类 规则 典例 规则变化 以s，sh，ch及x结尾的名词，通常在词尾加es (stomachs除外) watches, boxes 以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加es heroes，tomatoes，potatoes 部分以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加s photos，zoos，pianos 分类 规则 典例 规则变化 以f或fe结尾的名词，通常将f或fe改成v，再加es thieves，wives, leaves 部分以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式直接在词尾加s roofs, chiefs, beliefs,
proofs 分类 规则 典例 不规 则变化 由man, woman构成的合成名词，其复数形式也是men 或women，但German的复数形式为Germans Englishmen， Englishwomen 分类 规则 典例 不规 则变化 常以复数形式出现的名词 clothes衣服， glasses眼镜，trousers裤子， contents目录， times时代，surroundings环境， manners礼貌，papers文件，试卷，论文 用所给名词的适当形式填空 1．The two _____________ (boy) are looking for those __________ (toy) in the three ________ (box)． 2．I took several __________ (photo) in the two nearby ________ (zoo)． 3．Two __________ (German) are talking with two ______________(Englishman) about those two ___________(thief) who have stolen many _____________(tomato)． 4．It's bad ____________(manner) to laugh at people in public. 【答案】1.boys; toys; boxes 2.photos; zoos 3.Germans; Englishmen; thieves; tomatoes 4.manners 二、名词的格 变化规则 常用情况 典例 在名词末尾加“'s”构成 表示有生命的东西的所有格 Mary's mother
由介词of加名词构成 表示无生命的东西的所有格 the door of my room 变化规则 常用情况 典例 温馨提示 表示“两个人共有……”时，需在最后一个名词后加“'s”；当表示“两个人各自有……”时，两个名词后都要加“'s”。 Mary and Tom's father 玛丽和汤姆的父亲 Mary's and Tom's fathers 玛丽的父亲和汤姆的父亲 单句改错 1．To tell the truth, my English is better than Tom. 【答案】Tom→Tom's 2．As far as I'm concerned, the window from your house is too big. 【答案】from→of 翻译句子 3．我哥哥的数学比他朋友的好，但比我姐姐的差。 【答案】My brother's math is better than his friend's, but worse than my sister's. 4．双胞胎张华和张丽的父亲是一位医生。 【答案】The twins Zhang Hua and Zhang Li's father is a doctor.
三、词形变化 在高考语法填空中经常涉及形容词或动词与名词的转换，应引起考生的重视。在做题时，要特别注意名词的数。 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Some schools will have to make _______ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2024江苏) 2．Just be ____________ (patience)．I will look into the case as soon as possible. 3．Due to the__________ (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
4．The video，Under the Dome，has rapidly pushed the public's_______(aware) about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference. 5．______ (curious) is part of children's nature.They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
6．—How can I take the medicine，sir? —Just follow the ________ (direct) on the bottle. 【答案】1.adjustments 2.patient 3.application 4．awareness 5.Curiosity 6.direction
一、定冠词 冠词 用法 典例 基本用法 “the＋单数可数名词”表示一类事物 The computer is widely used. 特指谈话双方都知道或上文已经提到的人或事物 There was a letter in the box. 用法 典例 基本用法 在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”，作主语时谓语动词使用复数形式 The Smiths are leading a happy life. 用于序数词前表示顺序 This is the first time I have gone there. 用法 典例 基本用法 用在方位词、西洋乐器名词前 He was playing the violin in the south of the garden. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 The earth travels around the sun. 用在世纪、年代、朝代名词及逢十的数词(表示某个年代)前 in the 1990s; in the Tang dynasty 用法 典例 基本用法 用在某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人，其谓语动词往往用复数 The young should respect the old. 用于“the＋发明物(单数可数名词)” 中 I don't know who invented the telephone. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Science Museum 用法 典例 基本用法 定冠词用于表示具体计量的结构中，意思是“按……计算，以……计算” You will get paid by the day. 句型 “动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体某一部位的名词”中的the不可用物主代词代替 He caught me by the arm. 用于固定句型“The more…the more…”结构中，表示“越……越……” The earlier, the better. 用法 典例 基本用法 与形容词比较级连用，表示“两者之中较……的一个” He is the taller of the two boys. 活用 表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language一词，前面需加定冠词the English (＝The English language) is widely used in the world. 根据句意用适当的冠词填空 1．The little pupil took his grandma by _______ arm and walked her across the street.(2024陕西) 2．_________more learned a man is, _________more modest he usually becomes.(2024陕西)
3．Then, ________ Smiths were listening to the boy who was playing ______piano. 4．In fact, _____________Chinese language is the most difficult one in the world. 5．I think Tom is __________cleverer of the two boys，who is ________first to solve the problem.
6．Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ______Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in______ thirteenth century. 【答案】1.the 2.The; the 3.the; the 4.the 5.the; the 6．the; the 二、不定冠词 用法 典例 基本用法 用于单数名词前表示一类人或事物 A bird can fly. 用于可数名词或单数名词前，表示未曾提到过的一人、事、物 There is an apple on the desk. 用来表示不确定的某一个，相当于a certain There's a Mr.White waiting for you. 用于价格、数量、比率等，意为“一，每一” He was walking at 4 miles an hour. 用法 典例 活用 在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前面有修饰语时，可用不定冠词a/an There was a full moon in the sky. 在表示三餐、月份、季节的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时，可用不定冠词 After a quick lunch, he went on working. 用法 典例 活用 抽象名词具体化时，被具体化的名词可与a/an连用 a surprise/success /pride/pleasure/pity/failure/relief/concern/beauty “a/an＋序数词”不表示排序，而表示“又一；再一” They want to try it a third time. 用法 典例 易错点津 ①用在以辅音音素(注意：不是辅音字母)开头的单词或字母之前，如：a university ②用在以元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)开头的单词或字母之前，如an 18yearold student 根据句意用适当的冠词填空 1．Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be_________ Beethoven.(2024四川) 2．I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ______ gunman wearing a mask.(2024重庆)
3．Have you got these jeans in _______ larger size? This pair is _______bit too small around my waist. 4．—The program Running Man in Zhejiang Satellite TV turned out________ success.Have you seen it?
—It's________ pity I haven't.But I have______ rough idea of what it about. 5．—How nice_______ jacket is! —Thank you.I bought it on_______ Internet. 6．Beijing's bid for______2024 Winter Olympics has driven public enthusiasm for winter sports to new heights. 7．—Have you heard of _____death of Nelson Mandela? —Oh.Really? It will be______ shock to the world. 8．Qingdao is _______most beautiful coastal city and I want to visit it ________second time. 9．It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky. 【答案】1.a 2.the; a 3.a; a 4.a; a; a 5.the; the 6.the 7.the; a 8.a; a 9.a; the 专题一 名词和冠词 一、名词的数 名词 分类 规则 典例 规则变化 一般情况下在词尾后加s dogs, houses 以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，先把y改成i，再加es universities, flies 以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，在词尾加s toys，boys 分类 规则 典例 规则变化 以s，sh，ch及x结尾的名词，通常在词尾加es (stomachs除外) watches, boxes 以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加es heroes，tomatoes，potatoes 部分以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加s photos，zoos，pianos 分类 规则 典例 规则变化 以f或fe结尾的名词，通常将f或fe改成v，再加es thieves，wives, leaves 部分以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式直接在词尾加s roofs, chiefs, beliefs,
proofs 分类 规则 典例 不规 则变化 由man, woman构成的合成名词，其复数形式也是men 或women，但German的复数形式为Germans Englishmen， Englishwomen 分类 规则 典例 不规 则变化 常以复数形式出现的名词 clothes衣服， glasses眼镜，trousers裤子， contents目录， times时代，surroundings环境， manners礼貌，papers文件，试卷，论文 用所给名词的适当形式填空 1．The two _____________ (boy) are looking for those __________ (toy) in the three ________ (box)． 2．I took several __________ (photo) in the two nearby ________ (zoo)． 3．Two __________ (German) are talking with two ______________(Englishman) about those two ___________(thief) who have stolen many _____________(tomato)． 4．It's bad ____________(manner) to laugh at people in public. 【答案】1.boys; toys; boxes 2.photos; zoos 3.Germans; Englishmen; thieves; tomatoes 4.manners 二、名词的格 变化规则 常用情况 典例 在名词末尾加“'s”构成 表示有生命的东西的所有格 Mary's mother
由介词of加名词构成 表示无生命的东西的所有格 the door of my room 变化规则 常用情况 典例 温馨提示 表示“两个人共有……”时，需在最后一个名词后加“'s”；当表示“两个人各自有……”时，两个名词后都要加“'s”。 Mary and Tom's father 玛丽和汤姆的父亲 Mary's and Tom's fathers 玛丽的父亲和汤姆的父亲 单句改错 1．To tell the truth, my English is better than Tom. 【答案】Tom→Tom's 2．As far as I'm concerned, the window from your house is too big. 【答案】from→of 翻译句子 3．我哥哥的数学比他朋友的好，但比我姐姐的差。 【答案】My brother's math is better than his friend's, but worse than my sister's. 4．双胞胎张华和张丽的父亲是一位医生。 【答案】The twins Zhang Hua and Zhang Li's father is a doctor.
三、词形变化 在高考语法填空中经常涉及形容词或动词与名词的转换，应引起考生的重视。在做题时，要特别注意名词的数。 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Some schools will have to make _______ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2024江苏) 2．Just be ____________ (patience)．I will look into the case as soon as possible. 3．Due to the__________ (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
4．The video，Under the Dome，has rapidly pushed the public's_______(aware) about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference. 5．______ (curious) is part of children's nature.They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
6．—How can I take the medicine，sir? —Just follow the ________ (direct) on the bottle. 【答案】1.adjustments 2.patient 3.application 4．awareness 5.Curiosity 6.direction
一、定冠词 冠词 用法 典例 基本用法 “the＋单数可数名词”表示一类事物 The computer is widely used. 特指谈话双方都知道或上文已经提到的人或事物 There was a letter in the box. 用法 典例 基本用法 在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”，作主语时谓语动词使用复数形式 The Smiths are leading a happy life. 用于序数词前表示顺序 This is the first time I have gone there. 用法 典例 基本用法 用在方位词、西洋乐器名词前 He was playing the violin in the south of the garden. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 The earth travels around the sun. 用在世纪、年代、朝代名词及逢十的数词(表示某个年代)前 in the 1990s; in the Tang dynasty 用法 典例 基本用法 用在某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人，其谓语动词往往用复数 The young should respect the old. 用于“the＋发明物(单数可数名词)” 中 I don't know who invented the telephone. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Science Museum 用法 典例 基本用法 定冠词用于表示具体计量的结构中，意思是“按……计算，以……计算” You will get paid by the day. 句型 “动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体某一部位的名词”中的the不可用物主代词代替 He caught me by the arm. 用于固定句型“The more…the more…”结构中，表示“越……越……” The earlier, the better. 用法 典例 基本用法 与形容词比较级连用，表示“两者之中较……的一个” He is the taller of the two boys. 活用 表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language一词，前面需加定冠词the English (＝The English language) is widely used in the world. 根据句意用适当的冠词填空 1．The little pupil took his grandma by _______ arm and walked her across the street.(2024陕西) 2．_________more learned a man is, _________more modest he usually becomes.(2024陕西)
3．Then, ________ Smiths were listening to the boy who was playing ______piano. 4．In fact, _____________Chinese language is the most difficult one in the world. 5．I think Tom is __________cleverer of the two boys，who is ________first to solve the problem.
6．Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ______Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in______ thirteenth century. 【答案】1.the 2.The; the 3.the; the 4.the 5.the; the 6．the; the 二、不定冠词 用法 典例 基本用法 用于单数名词前表示一类人或事物 A bird can fly. 用于可数名词或单数名词前，表示未曾提到过的一人、事、物 There is an apple on the desk. 用来表示不确定的某一个，相当于a certain There's a Mr.White waiting for you. 用于价格、数量、比率等，意为“一，每一” He was walking at 4 miles an hour. 用法 典例 活用 在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前面有修饰语时，可用不定冠词a/an There was a full moon in the sky. 在表示三餐、月份、季节的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时，可用不定冠词 After a quick lunch, he went on working. 用法 典例 活用 抽象名词具体化时，被具体化的名词可与a/an连用 a surprise/success /pride/pleasure/pity/failure/relief/concern/beauty “a/an＋序数词”不表示排序，而表示“又一；再一” They want to try it a third time. 用法 典例 易错点津 ①用在以辅音音素(注意：不是辅音字母)开头的单词或字母之前，如：a university ②用在以元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)开头的单词或字母之前，如an 18yearold student 根据句意用适当的冠词填空 1．Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be_________ Beethoven.(2024四川) 2．I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ______ gunman wearing a mask.(2024重庆)
