2024版高考一轮复习课件：选修7 unit21《Human Biology》（北师大版）
【联想·积累】
“sb/sth is/was believed＋to be/do”用法小结 (1) “sb/sth is/was believed＋to be/do”为固定结构，意为“人们认为(相信)……，被认为是/做……”，其中的不定式作主语补足语。常用于这种句型的动词有say/hope/think/report/know等。动词用被动语态，其主语为指人或物的名词，意为“据说/希望/认为/报道/众所周知……”。 (2)当动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，不定式用完成式；强调动作正在进行时，不定式用进行式。
(3)sb/sth be believed/said/thought/reported...to be/do...句型可转化为People believe/say/think/report... (that).../It is believed/said/thought/reported... that...“人们相信/说/认为/报道……”。 Ⅳ.单元语法→识记·思考·运用 条件句与混合条件句 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.If Mother __________(tell) me the truth when I was young，I would not make such mistakes so often now. 2.You could answer most of the questions now if you ______________(review) the lessons last night. 3.If you had studied hard before，you ___________(be) a college student now. 4.*I didn't hear the phone.I must ____________(be) asleep. 5.*I could _____________(work) out the problem，but I was too nervous. had told had reviewed would be have been have worked 【联想·积累】 混合条件句 当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句。动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you had taken the doctor's advice，you would be better now. 如果你接受了医生的建议，你现在就会好多了。 [单 词 点 睛] 1.seek (sought，sought)vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图
[高考例句](2024·重庆，阅读B)Besides，businesses seek to appeal to customers' senses.
此外，商业公司寻求吸引顾客们的感官。 seek sth from sb 向某人请求/寻求某物 seek after/for sb(sth) 寻求某人(某物) seek one's fortune 寻找成功(致富)的机会 seek out 找出；寻出 seek to do sth 试图做某事 ①They sought ________ a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.
他们找到了一个可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。 ②He told us that he was going to Beijing ____________ (seek)his fortune and I suggested that he should seek advice ____________ his teacher and shouldn't seek ________ comfort，personal fame or gain.
他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议他这件事情他应该请教他的老师，不要一味地贪图安逸，追名逐利。 答案 ①out ②to seek；from；after/for 2.oppose vt.& vi.反对；反抗
[教材原句]Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.
基因治疗有很多争议，许多人反对进一步研究。 (1)oppose doing sth 反对做某事 oppose sb's doing sth 反对某人做某事 (2)opposed adj.相反的；对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立 ①Her wealthy parents opposed/were opposed to ____________ (she)marrying a boy from a poor family.
她那富有的父母反对她同贫寒家庭的孩子结婚。 ②We all strongly oppose ________(drive)after drinking.
我们都强烈反对酒后驾驶。 答案 ①her ②driving 3.postpone vt.推迟；延期
[教材原句]I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.
我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常那样！)，而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。 postpone doing sth 延缓做某事，推迟做某事 postpone sth until/to...把某事推迟到…… ①We are postponing our trip ________ the weather is fine.
我们推迟旅行直到天气晴好。 ②Our school has decided to postpone ________(hold)the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.
我们学校已决定推迟举行运动会，因为雨太大。 答案 ①to/until ②holding 4.prohibit vt.禁止，阻止
[教材原句]Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks. “非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们就在做医学实验以预防将来再次爆发。 ①14 departments are working together ________(prohibit)the hunting of wild animals in the province.
14个部门正在共同努力禁止在全省猎捕野生动物。 ②Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.
＝Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people ________(use) mobile phones in some places.
一些人认为有必要禁止人们在一些场合使用手机。 答案 ①to prohibit ②from using 【联想归纳】类似于“prohibit sb from doing sth”的表达法： protect sb from...保护某人不受伤害…… 5.decline vi.& vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n.下降；衰退
[高考例句](2024·天津，完形)Although her description sounded wonderful，the price was beyond our range，so we declined.
尽管她的描述听起来很精彩，但这所房子的价格超出了我们的承受。因此，我们拒绝了。
写出下列句中decline的词性和含义
①I invited her to my wedding，but she declined my invitation.
____________
②The company reported a small decline in its profits.
____________ ③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month.
____________ ④Industry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s.
____________ (1)decline to do sth 婉拒做某事 (2)decline in/of sth 在某方面减少/下降 on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中 fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退 ⑤The number of people who run the red light has been ________ the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。 ⑥The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry fall ________ a decline.
来自海外的激烈竞争导致国内棉花产业的衰退。 答案 ①v.谢绝 ②n.下降 ③v.下降 ④n.衰退 ⑤on ⑥into 6.equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备
[牛津例句]The boys equipped themselves with torches and rope，and set off.
男孩们带上火把和绳索出发了。 (1)equip...with...用……装备…… equip...for sth/to do sth 为了……而装备…… be equipped for/to do sth 为……装备好；做好准备 (2)equipment [U]n.设备，设施 ①(2024·辽宁，阅读D)Now it means a small piece of ________(equip) that people use for listening secretly to others' conversations.
现在它意味着它是人们用来偷听他人的谈话秘密的一小件设备。 ②Your education will equip you ________ your future life.
你所受的教育将使你能适应今后的生活。 答案 ①equipment ②for 7.submit vt.提交；递交vi.& vt.服从，屈服
[教材原句] You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.
你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。 submit...to...把……提交给……；向……提出 submit sb/oneself to 使某人/自己甘受，服从 submit to 服从于，屈服于 ①They had to submit ________(they)to his judgement.
他们不得不服从他的判决。 ②He submitted ________ the headmaster's order finally that all teachers ________(submit)that report to the headmaster.
他最终服从了校长的命令——所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长。 答案 ①themselves ②to；should submit 【名师指津】 在submit...to...短语中，submit是及物动词，意为“呈交，提交”；而在submit to 短语中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从，屈服”。 [短 语 点 拨] 1.at all costs 不惜代价地，无论如何
[教材原句]The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 (1)at the cost/expense of...丧失，牺牲；以……为代价 at a cost of...以……的费用/价格 at any cost 以任何代价 (2)cost sb sth 花某人……，使某人付出/丧失 ①We are determined to obtain our rights at ________cost.
我们决定要不惜一切代价获取我们的权利。 ②The hero saved the boy's life out of the burning library at ________ cost of his own life，which was put up at ________ cost of one million dollars last year.
英雄牺牲了自己的生命从燃烧着的去年耗资100万美元建起来的图书馆里救出了那个男孩。 答案 ①any ②the；a 2.wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁
[教材原句]Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.
流行病可以毁灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。 wipe away 擦掉，清除掉
wipe sth off/from...从……上擦去某物 wipe down/up 彻底揩/擦干净 ①I hastily wiped ________ the milk I had spilled.
我连忙把洒出来的牛奶擦干净。 ②Your arms are my castle; your heart is my sky.They wipe ________ tears that I cry.
你的手臂就是我的城堡，你的心就是我的天空。他们擦去我哭泣的眼泪。 答案 ①up ②away [句 式 透 析] 1.[教材原句]It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.
获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。
(1)It is compulsory for...为“It is＋adj./n.＋for sb to do...”结构，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。此结构中for前面的形容词是指事物怎么样，如impossible，important等。
①It's important ________ you to arrive there on time.
重要的是你们能准时到达那儿。 (2)It is＋adj.＋of sb to do...中of前面的形容词是指人的性质或特征，如nice，kind等。 ②It is careless ________ Kate to lose so many things.
凯特丢了这么多东西，真是太粗心了。 答案 ①for ②of 2.[教材原句]The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 (1)rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其……不如……”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。 ①If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than ________(complain).
如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨。
(2)常用句型 ②She preferred ________(stay)at home rather than ________ (go)shopping with him.
她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。 (3)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。 ③Mary，rather than you，________ (blame) for not finishing the work on time.
是玛丽而不是你应为没有按时完成工作而受责备。 答案 ①complaining ②to stay；go ③is to blame
知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 Ⅰ.核心单词→识记·思考·运用 一、单词拼写 1.(2024·湖北，阅读D) Without gravity to help __________(循环)air，the carbon dioxide you exhale has a tendency to form an invisible cloud around your head. 2.She is continually ___________(滥用)her position by getting other people to do things for her. 3.The ___________(根本的) cause of his success is his hard work. circulate abusing fundamental 4.*(2024·山东，10)A company whose profits from home markets are declining may ________(寻找) opportunities abroad. 5.In China we are carrying a nine-year ___________ (义务的) education movement. 6.Lacking money，they had to ___________(推迟) their plan. 7.I engaged a young woman as a ___________(临时的) secretary. seek compulsory postpone temporary 8.They've promised a ___________(详尽的)inquiry into the plane crash. 9.*Their position in international trade rapidly ____________(下降). 10.(2024·湖北，24)The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the _____________(情况) that existed when they were made a hundred years ago. thorough declined circumstances 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2024·浙江，阅读B)And as far as your body is ___________ (concern)，it's“use it or lose it”！ 2.From now on any ________(violate) of the regulation must be cruelly punished. 3.Tomorrow is the last date for _____________(submit) of entries for the competition. 4.Hard work keeps away poverty._____________(tolerate) keeps away violence. concerned violation submission Toleration 5.We __________(prohibition)air guns and the weapons that might wound someone. 6.This is a modern，bright and well ___________ hospital，and its __________ is of the first level.(equip) 7.Several _____________ ___________ the bank of an enormous sum of money，making the largest __________ of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob) 8.As we all know，an ___________ meeting is held ___________. (annual) prohibit equipped equipment robbers
robbed robbery annual annually 三、开心词场
It is reported that the building of the factory was postponed，because the villagers living near opposed it.They prohibited the workers from going on their work，for they couldn't tolerate the big noise.It was known to people that the factory was responsible for it.However，the factory didn't want to submit to the villagers. They were seeking good solutions to the matter.
【联想·积累】 ❶表示“寻找，搜寻”的词汇 ①look for 寻找 ②search for 搜寻 ③seek for 寻找 ④hunt for 搜寻，寻找 ❷由decline所想到的 ①表示“增加”：rise，increase，go up ②表示“减少”：fall，drop，decrease，decline，go down ❸词汇拓展 ①oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相反的；反对的 n.反义词→opposition n.反方；对立面→opposed adj.相反的，对立的 ②faith n.信心→faithful adj.守信的；忠实的→faithfully adv.忠实地，真诚地 ③fortune n.大笔钱财；巨款 →fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地 ④concern n.担心，担忧→concerned adj.担心的；有关的→concerning prep.关于 Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 一、补全短语 1.*straight ________ 立刻，马上 2.stop sth ________ its tracks 终止；消灭 3.________ any rate 无论如何；至少 4.________ random 随便地，随意地 5.________ all costs 不管多大代价 away in at at at 二、短语填空 wipe out；rob...of；*get down to；bring up；get through；clear up；put off；miss out；focus on；in vain
1.I was ____________ my wallet in front of the hotel. 2.The noise made it hard for me to ____________ my work. 3.It is raining now，but I think it will ____________ soon. 4.He will ____________ the marks with an eraser. robbed of focus on clear up wipe out 5.It's not an easy task for you to ____________ a small child on your own. 6.I tried to make his peace with her，but ____________. 7.It's time I ____________ thinking about that essay. 8.They have decided to ____________ handing in their reports. 9.Had the boy worked harder，he would have ____________ the exams. 10.I'll just read through the form again to make sure I haven't ________ anything ________. bring up in vain got down to put off got through missed out 【联想·积累】 ❶“立即，即刻”全接触 ①immediately adv.立即，即刻 ②instantly adv.即刻，马上 ③at once 立即 ④in no time 立刻，马上 ⑤in a flash 即刻 ⑥right now/away 立刻 ⑦straight away 立刻 ❷表示“开始/着手做某事”的短语精选 ①get down to doing sth
②set out to do sth ③set about doing sth
④settle down to sth ⑤start/begin doing/to do sth Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.(it作形式主语)
获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。
[仿写]________________________________ a key university with such a low score.
这样低的分数被重点大学录取是不可能的。 It is impossible to be admitted to 2.The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(rather than而不是)
人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
[仿写]As students，we should try to get good results by studying hard ____________________________.
作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。 rather than cheating in exams 3.*Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.(sb/sth be believed to...某人或某物被认为是……)
西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。
[仿写]The book ________________________________ several foreign languages.
这本书据说已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。
is said to have been translated into
