2024届河北省衡水名校高考英语一轮复习撬题对点练：专题24 说明文（含解析）
Cloze 1 限时：6分钟
Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting
another country, you should be aware of those differences and____1___them. Here are some___2___on how to fit in.
Every traveler to a foreign country feels___3___at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of____4___. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India,
locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner”.
Wearing proper clothes is important too,____5___locals will judge
you by what you wear. In
some
Middle Eastern countries, exposing
your flesh is____6___， especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn
jeans at home.
Also be cautious about expressing____7___. Getting angry in
Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is____8___to kiss in public.
题材为社会生活类。我们到一个陌生的国家一定会遇到文化差异所带来的困难。本文就如何应对这一现象提出了一些建议。
1．A.reject
B．recite
C．respect
D．remove
答案 C [当到另外一个国家去游玩时，你应该意识到那些差异并去尊重(respect)它们。reject“拒绝，驳回”；recite“背诵”；respect“尊重，尊敬，重视”；remove“去除”。根据常识可知，应尊重文化差异。]
2．A.plans
B．tips
C．arguments
D．choices
答案 B [这儿有几条关于如何去适应这种差异的建议(tip)。]
3．A.unsafe
B．excited
C．satisfied
D．awkward
答案 D [每一个到国外的游客在某种程度上都会感到不舒适。unsafe“不安全的”；excited“(感到)激动的，兴奋的”；satisfied“(感到)满意的”；awkward“不舒适的”。根据句意可知答案为D项。]
4．A.relief
B．belonging
C．humor
D．direction
答案 C [当你的所作所为让当地人发笑时，最好的保护自己的方法就是要有幽默感。a sense of humor“幽默感”。所以答案为C项。]
5．A.but
B．for
C．so
D．or
答案 B [穿合适的衣服也是一件很重要的事，因为(for)当地人会根据你的穿着去判断你。for在此表示原因。]
6．A.forbidden
B．allowed
C．expected
D．tolerated
答案 A [根据下一句描述的“把你的破牛仔裤留在家里。”可知，在一些中东国家，暴露身体是被禁止的事情，所以答案为A项。forbid“禁止，不准”；allow“允许，许可”；expect“期望，预期”；tolerate“容忍，忍受”。]
7．A.emotions
B．concern
C．interest
D．views
答案 A [根据下一句的描述“在东南亚发怒会让你看上去很傻”可知设空处句意为“在表达自己的情感(emotions)的时候也要小心谨慎点”。所以答案为A项。]
8．A.natural
B．advisable
C．unwise
D．unnecessary
答案 C [有一些国家在公共场所接吻也是不明智的。natural“自然的，天生的”；advisable“可取的，明智的”；unwise“不明智的，愚蠢的”；unnecessary“不必要的”。]
Cloze 2
限时：16分钟
If you want to learn a new language,
the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a__1__ reason, such as your job or your studies？___2__ perhaps you're interested in the__3__， films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a___4__of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of___5___,_but traditional classes are an ideal (理想的) start for many people. They___6__ an environment where you can practice under the__7__ of someone who's good at the language. We all lead___8__ lives and learning a language takes__9__. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a__10__. It doesn't matter if you haven't got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years,
but learning to get by takes___11__.
Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I'm too__12__，” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more___13__ than adults,
but research has shown that you can learn a language at any__14__. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I've also heard people__15__ about the mistakes they make when___16__. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes___17__ you're much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never___18__. But with some work and devotion,
you'll make progress. And you'll be___19__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in____20__ own language. Good luck!
学习外语并非易事，但最好的方式还是传统的课堂学习模式，在老师的指导下，通过自己的努力，你会不断地进步，并获得学习外语的乐趣。
1．A.technical
B．political
C．practical
D．physical
答案 C [根据空后的“... such as your job or your studies？”可知，此处是指学习英语的实际(practical)原因，故选C项。technical“技术的”；political“政治的”；physical“身体的；物理的”。]
2．A.After
B．So
C．Though
D．Or
答案 D [联系上文中的“a___1__ reason”可知，此处是指你学习外语的另一种原因，故用or连接两个并列句。]
3．A.literature
B．transport
C．agriculture
D．medicine
答案 A [根据此处所表达的并列关系可知，所填词与后面的films, music一致，故用文学(literature)。transport“交通”；agriculture“农业”。]
4．A.view
B．knowledge
C．form
D．database
答案 B [根据语境可知，此处是指如果你掌握了一门外语，你就会知道它的用途有多大。have a knowledge of意为“掌握”，是固定短语，符合语境。]
5．A.paintings
B．regulations
C．methods
D．computers
答案 C [根据空后的“... but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people.”可知，此处表示绝大多数人学习外语会采用不同的方法(methods)。regulation“规范；规则”。]
6．A.protect
B．change
C．respect
D．provide
答案 D [对许多人来说，既然传统的课堂是理想的开始，那么，它们当然可以提供(provide)一种学习外语的环境。protect“保护”；change“改变”；respect“尊重”，均不符合语境。]
7．A.control
B．command
C．guidance
D．pressure
答案 C [联系之后的“someone who's good at the language”可知，在传统的课堂上，你是在老师的指导(guidance)下来学习外语的。control“控制”；command“命令”；pressure“压力”，均不符合语境。]
8．A.busy
B．happy
C．simple
D．normal
答案 A [根据常识可知，我们的生活都很忙碌(busy)。]
9．A.courage
B．time
C．energy
D．place
答案 B [根据下文中的“take years”可知，学习外语需要花费时间(time)。courage“勇气”；energy“精力”；place“地方”，均不符合语境。]
10．A.theory
B．business
C．routine
D．project
答案 C [根据空前的“if you study regularly”可知，此处强调学习外语要形成一种惯例(routine)。theory“理论”；business“生意”； project“工程，项目”，均不符合语境。]
11．A.some risks
B．a lot less
C．some notes
D．a lot more
答案 B [根据语境可知，学习外语需要花费多年的时间。但如果能够把握规律，就能够节省时间，即花费的时间会少很多(a lot less)。]
12．A.old
B．nervous
C．weak
D．tired
答案 A [根据下一句中的“children do learn languages more___13__ than adults”可以推断出，有些人放弃学习外语的借口是：他们认为自己老了(old)。]
13．A.closely
B．quickly
C．privately
D．quietly
答案 B [根据常识可知，孩子学习外语比成年人要快(quickly)，但是研究表明处在任何年龄(age)，你都可以学习外语。]
14．A.age
B．speed
C．distance
D．school
答案 A [句意解析见上题。由上文提到的children和adults的对比意义可知答案。]
15．A.worry
B．hesitate
C．think
D．quarrel
答案 A [联系下文中作者的建议可知，很多人担心(worry)自己会犯错误。]
16．A.singing
B．working
C．bargaining
D．learning
答案 D [根据语境可知，有些人担心自己在学习(learning)外语的过程中会犯错误。bargain“讨价还价”。]
17．A.if
B．and
C．but
D．before
答案 B [根据“祈使句＋and＋简单句”的句式结构可知，此处是指：对于你所犯的错误要放松并付诸一笑，你很可能会避免再犯同样的错误。]
18．A.tiresome
B．hard
C．interesting
D．easy
答案 D [结合下文中but表示的转折意义可知，此处强调学习外语从来都不是一件容易的(easy)事情。]
19．A.blamed
B．amazed
C．interrupted
D．informed
答案 B [根据语境可知，当你用一门外语说了仅仅几句话，而以这门语言为母语的一些人对你做出积极评价时，你会感到很吃惊(amazed)。]
20．A.their
B．his
C．our
D．your
答案 A [此处指上文提到的“some
people”，也就是以这门语言为母语的人，故用their。]
Cloze 3
限时：16分钟
Maybe you've lost your job. Maybe you didn't get the___1___in your job. Maybe your sweetheart___2___with you. People say “Don't take it personally” and “Don't let it get to you”， but that's very____3___to do.
If you're feeling disheartened,___4___are some strategies (策略) for making yourself feel better? It's pretty clear that___5___“I'm the greatest！” or winning a prize along with every other secondgrade soccer player isn't a good way to___6___healthy selfrespect.
Then what can you do to feel better? Here are some____7___to follow：
Do a good deed. This is as selfish as it is selfless; you'll___8___as much as the person you're helping. I had a friend who___9___a period of vast rejection: she was fired from her___10__， she didn't get into the graduate program to which she'd___11__， and her boyfriend split
up with her. Everything worked out fine___12__， and I asked her how
she got through such a(n)___13__ time. She said，“I was___14__ addicted to doing good deeds for other people. It was the only way I
could make myself feel like I wasn't a total loser.”
Keep
a resolution
(决心). Not only will you benefit from exercising or___15__ out your garage, but you'll also get a boost (激励) from the mere fact that you made a___16__ and stuck to it.
Boost your___17__. Studies show that when you're feeling energetic, you're much
more
likely
to feel
good
about
yourself. Most
important: get enough sleep.
Challenge yourself___18__. This strategy doesn't work for me,
but I know that many people feel great___19___ whitewater rafting, bungee jumping, or rollercoasterriding. For the less daring, a great run, or bike ride can do the___20__.
当挫折和失败让自己感到心灰意冷、自我怀疑的时候，怎样做才能恢复自尊、自信呢？
1．A.promotion
B．gift
C．match
D．break
答案 A [根据上下文可知，作者在列举一些让人感到不开心的事情。在职场中，没能获得晋升就是其中之一。promotion“提升”；gift“礼物”；match“比赛”； break“休息”。]
2．A.kept up
B．put up
C．broke up
D．made up
答案 C [或许你的心上人和你分手了。break up with sb.“与某人分手”；keep
up with sb.“跟上某人”；put up with sb.“容忍某人”；make up with sb.“同某人言归于好”。]
3．A.easy
B．hard
C．dangerous
D．pleasant
答案 B [句意：人们说“你别往心里去”“不要让它对你产生影响”，但是那做起来却很难。but提示上下文存在转折关系，说明事情是说起来容易，但是做起来难。]
4．A.which
B．how
C．where
D．what
答案 D [如果你觉得心灰意冷，有什么(what)策略能让你感觉好点呢？]
5．A.hearing
B．praising
C．knowing D．repeating
答案 D [根据下文“I'm the greatest！”以及常理推断，在遭受挫败的时候，人们往往对自己重复(repeating)一些鼓励的话，让自己心情好起来。]
6．A.have
B．lose
C．build
D．hurt
答案 C [重复“我是最棒的！”或者在和其他二流足球队员比赛时获胜都不是增强自尊的好方法。build此处意思是“逐渐增强”。]
7．A.ideas
B．tips
C．plans
D．methods
答案 B [根据下文内容可知，这是作者提出的几点建议。tip常用来表示一些有用的小建议；idea“主意，想法”；plan“计划”；method“(系统的)方法”。]
8．A.benefit
B．repay
C．reject
D．demand
答案 A [你会和你所帮助的人获得一样多的收益。benefit“得益于”；repay“偿还”；reject“拒绝接受”；demand“要求”。]
9．A.went through
B．came across
C．looked for
D．waited for
答案 A [这里指经历了一系列严重的挫败。go through“经历”；come across“偶然碰到”；look for“寻找”；wait for“等候”。]
