2024江苏《夺冠之路》高三英语【牛津译林版】一轮复习精品学案：语法部分 第9讲 状语从句

　　第9讲 状语从句（要点透析）状语从句

　　状语从句是一个句子充当另一个句子的状语，表示主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因、方式、结果、目的等等。状语从句是历年高考题的重点、难点。命题一般是考查学生连词的掌握情况，根据两个句子的意思，判断两个句子之间的逻辑关系，选择合适的连词。常见的状语从句有九大类。

　　一、时间状语从句

　　1．when, as与while表示时间

　　when既可表示“一段时间”(与持续性动词连用)，又可表示“时间点”(与瞬间动词连用)；when可作并列连词，意为“这(那)时”。while只表示“一段时间”，只与持续性动词连用，while可表示对比转折，有“然而”之意。

　　as用法同when相似，但侧重主句和从句动作发生的同时性，可译作“随着”，“一边……一边……”。

　　I fell asleep when/as/while he was doing his exercises.

　　When/As he arrived in Shanghai, she met him at the station.

　　I was about to go out when it began to rain.

　　I like tea while she likes coffee.

　　As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.

　　2. before 引导的从句中谓语动词不可用否定式，意为“在……之前；还没来得及；……(之后)才……”

　　I had felt hungry before I arrived home.

　　我还没到家就觉得饿了。(在到家之前觉得饿)

　　She left the office before I could say sorry to her.

　　我还没来得及向她道歉，她就离开了办公室。(在我能够说抱歉之前，她就离开了办公室)

　　It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

　　很长时间以后我才又睡着了。

　　3. since 从句中的动词不同，起算的时间也不同。since＋瞬间动词的过去式，从该动作发生时算起；since＋持续性动词的过去式，从该动作结束时算起。

　　He had worked hard since entered the factory.(enter为瞬间动词，从他入厂以来)

　　We haven't seen each other since I worked in the factory.(work为持续性动词，从我不在工厂以来……)

　　4．till/until 用于肯定句时，须和持续性动词连用，表示“直到……为止”，用于否定句时和瞬间动词连用，表示“直到……才”。till 与until句型在多数情况下可通用。但在句首时不可用till；在It is/was not until…that … 强调句型中及not until放句首时，一般不可用till。

　　I worked till/until he came back.

　　He didn't

　　go to bed until/till eleven o'clock.

　　It was not until I came back that he went to bed.

　　Not until then did I realize the importance of learning English.

　　5．as soon as/ immediately/ the moment/the minute/ the second 表示“一……就……”

　　She gave a ring to her parents immediately she landed in Japan.

　　6．no sooner…than…/ hardly…when…刚……就…… (注意：主句时态用had done；从句用did)

　　She had no sooner left the office than the telephone rang.

　　We had no sooner had supper than we began to repair the machine.

　　→No sooner had we had supper than we began to repair the machine.

　　7．every time 每当，每次；the first time 第一次……时候，next time 下次……时。

　　Every time I see the film, I can't help recalling my childhood in the countryside.

　　Call me earlier next time you come to Shanghai.

　　二、条件状语从句

　　常见连词：if(如果)/ unless(除非)/ once(一旦)/ as(so) long as(只要)/ on condition that(条件是)/provided/ providing that(假若)/suppose/ supposing that(倘若)

　　Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?

　　三、原因状语从句

　　1．because, since和as 表示的语气强弱不同。

　　because 表示直接原因，语气最强；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成“既然”；as用于说明原因，语气较弱，着重点在主句，常译成“由于”。

　　注意下列情况下只用because：

　　①回答why的问题时

　　②用作表语从句时

　　③在强调句中强调原因时

　　④连词前有only, just, simply等修饰时。

　　2．for 是并列连词，引导的句子表示一种推理或解释，或附加说明。一般不能置于句首。for表示因果关系时，可与because互换，但for前须用逗号。

　　It may have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

　　3. now that 与since/as同义， 通常表示用新出现的情况作为原因。

　　Now that you feel sick, you can have a rest in bed.

　　4. when既然……(有轻微的责备口吻)

　　Why do you want to find a new job when you have a good job already?

　　How can I help them when they never listen to me?

　　5. in that－从句“在于……”

　　His request is unreasonable in that he knows we can't afford it.

　　四、结果状语从句

　　常见连词：so that…/so…that…/such…that…“如此……以至于……”。要牢记下面的几个句型。

　　1. …so ＋ adj./ adv.＋ that…

　　The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.

　　2. So＋adj.＋a/an ＋ n. ＋that…

　　She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her.

　　3. So＋many/few/much/little(少) ＋ n．(不可数名词或可数名词复数)that…

　　There is so little water that you can't drink.

　　4. …such＋a/an ＋adj.＋ n．＋ that…

　　She is such a good girl that she can help you.

　　5. Such＋adj.＋ n．(不可数名词或可数名词复数)＋that…

　　They are such lovely children.

　　【注意】that 后面必须跟上完整的句子，即必须要有完整的主语、谓语、宾语。

　　五、目的状语从句

　　1. so that/ in order that ＋从句 ( 从句用can/could/ may/ might ＋ 动词原形)为了……

　　We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.

　　2．for fear that/lest/in case that＋ 从句(从句可以用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形)以防/万一发生……

　　We got up early for fear that/lest/in case that we should miss the first bus.

　　六、地点状语从句

　　1. where 在…… 地方＝ in the place where/ in the place in which

　　Make a mark where you have problems.

　　She lives where her grandparents lived 30 years ago.

　　2. wherever 无论在……地方＝ no matter where

　　I will find him wherever he may be.

　　Wherever the film star goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.

　　七、让步状语从句

　　1. although/ though/ while 虽然；尽管

　　Although he is rich, he never wastes a coin.

　　2. as 句型

　　(1)表语(形容词/名词)＋ as/though ＋ 主语＋ 系动词，主句。

　　Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study.

　　【注意】名词前不加任何冠词。

　　Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.

　　Rich man as he is, he works hard.

　　(2)副词＋ as/though＋主语＋谓语动词，主句。

　　Hard as he worked, he failed.

　　Much as I have traveled, I've never seen a man as capable as Tom.

　　(3)动词原形 ＋as/though ＋ 主语＋ might/may, 主句。

　　Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the difficulty.

　　3. even if/ even though(有一定的假设意味)即使， 纵然

　　Even if it snows tomorrow, we shall still go on business.

　　4. No matter how/ what/ where/ who…， 无论怎么/ 什么/ 哪里/ 谁……

　　【注意】 no matter 必须和特殊疑问词连用。

　　5.whoever/whatever/whichever/wherever/whenever/how-ever引导让步状语从句，意思是“无论……”，可与“no matter＋疑问词“替换”。

　　6. whether…or…无论是否……

　　Whether you go or not tomorrow, we will go outing.

　　八、方式状语从句

　　1. as if/though ＋ 从句(从句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似)，意为“仿佛，好像”。

　　She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.

　　2. as 正如

　　Do the experiment as I told you just now.

　　As is known to all, China is becoming stronger and stronger.

　　Leave the door as it is.

　　九、比较状语从句

　　1. as…as 和…一样…

　　She is as tall as her mother.

　　She has as nice a bag as her mother does.

　　Chinese is as beautiful a language as English.

　　2. not as/ so…as …不如…一样…； 不和…一样…

　　She is not as healthy as her sister.

　　They didn't come to school as early as we.

　　3. than 比…

　　The boy is taller than his father.

　　9讲 状语从句（考点突破）() 1. It' s quite a time ______ Yao Ming got injured, but it won't be long ______ he returns to the court. (2010·河北冀州市中学高三仿真考试)

　　A. since; before

　　B. after; when

　　C. before; since

　　D. that; when

　　() 2. How can you expect him to make any progress ______ you never give him a chance to have a try？(2010·江西九江一中高三适应性考试)

　　A. when

　　B. unless

　　C. even though

　　D. until

　　【解析】

　　1. A　本题考查了两个固定结构：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since引导的时间状语从句(自从做某事已经有多长时间了)；It will be/is/was＋一段时间＋before(多久之后才……， before引导时间状语从句)。

　　2. A　本题句意为：在你不给他机会试一试的情况下，你怎能期望他有进步？unless除非，不符合句意。when表示条件，故答案为A。

　　() 3. Put the book back to the same place ______ you found it after finishing reading.(2010·四川棠湖中学高三适应训练)

　　A. where

　　B. that

　　C. as

　　D. which

　　() 4. — Will you tell the secret to Tom?

　　— No way! ______ I'm asked to.(2010·北京市101中学高三适应性训练)

　　A. Unless

　　B. When

　　C. Until

　　D. Even though

　　【解析】

　　3. A　此处关系副词where引导定语从句，代替先行词the same place, 在定语从句中作地点状语。

　　4. D　答语意思是：不可能的，即使叫我告诉他，我也不会。even though 即使，引导让步状语从句，其他三项都不符合句意，故选D。

　　() 5. Don't put too much pressure on yourself. ______ you keep trying, you will achieve your goals in the future.

　　(2011·湖南长郡中学高三分班考试)

　　A. In case

　　B. Even though

　　C. As long as

　　D. As soon as

　　() 6. ______ unemployment and crime is high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.

　　(2010·上海市各区一模语法错题精选)

　　A. Before

　　B. Where

　　C. Unless

　　D. Until

　　【解析】

　　5. C　in case 以防，以免；even though 即使； as long as表示条件，只要；as soon as 表示时间“一……就……”，根据句意选C。

　　6. B　where引导一个地点状语从句，意思是“在失业和犯罪多的地方，可以这样认为：后者是因为前者造成的”

　　() 7. — The current international financial crisis is affecting most countries in the world.

　　— Would it be at least several years ______ everything returns to normal? (2011·宁夏银川二中高三月练)

　　A. when

　　B. that C. since

　　D. before

　　() 8. What an unforgettable experience! I'll write it down ______ it is still fresh in my memory.(2011·四川成都市三校高三9月联考)

　　A. since

　　B. while C. after

　　D. until

　　【解析】

　　7. D　本题为句式考查。It is/has been＋一段时间＋since(做某事已经多长时间)；It will be/is/was＋一段时间＋before(多久之后才……)；It is/was ＋时间点＋when(做某事是什么时候)；It is/was＋被强调部分＋that其他部分(强调结构)。根据句意选D。

　　8. B　本句的意思是：在我记忆犹新的时候，把它记下来。while后面只能跟延续性动作，在……期间，趁……，故选B。经典句式：Strike the iron while it is hot。

　　() 9. If you want to learn English well, it is not half so important to know some grammatical rules ______ it is to have more practice.(2010·上海市各区一模语法错题精选)

　　A. so

　　B. as

　　C. since

　　D. that

　　()10. You'll find it hard to get rid of the drug habit ______ you have it. (2011·云南昆明一中高三第一次月考)

　　A. before

　　B. once

　　C. until

　　D. though

　　【解析】

　　9. B　本题考查了not so /as important as…结构，不如……。本句改为 to know some grammatical rules is not half so important as to have more practice，则更好理解。

　　10. B　before 在……之前； once 一旦，如果； until 直到； though 尽管， 根据句意选B。

　　()11. I found her nice and honest ______ I saw her.(2011·江西南昌一中高三月考)

　　A. for the first time

　　B. the first time

　　C. on the first time

　　D. at first

　　()12. — I wonder how much you charge for your services.

　　— The first two are free ______ the third costs $30.(2011·安徽亳州一中高三第一次月考)

　　A. while

　　B. until C. when

　　D. before

　　【解析】

　　11. B　the first time名词词组引导一个时间状语从句，意为：第一次……就……。for the first time作时间状语，意为：第一次；at first 起初，最初。故选B。

　　12. A　while引导比较状语从句，表示前后两种情况的对比，其他三项都不符合句意，故选A。

　　()13. We should keep an open mind about some strange old wives tales, ______ they do have some truth in them.

　　(2011·安徽皖南八校高三摸底联考)

　　A. and

　　B. so

　　C. because

　　D. until

　　()14. We'd better set off, or it will be dark ______ we know it.

　　A. before

　　B. after

　　C. when

　　D. until

　　【解析】

　　13. C　根据句意可知they do have some truth in them是主句的原因，故选C。