2024届高考英语二轮复习考点讲义：阅读理解-世界与环境

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　　阅读理解-世界与环境

　　1. 我们居住的地球的环境特点以及很多自然灾害的现象。

　　2. 由于人类的破坏，地球变化带来的一些事件。

　　3. 一些提倡保护我们居住的环境，提高环保意识的各种环保行为和活动。

　　4. 介绍一些环保的产品，及其带来的好处。

　　5. 保持环境的自然、进行有效再循环的话题。

　　·链接高考The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.

　　For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization, the first European to arrive was John Feam in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship, He called the island Pleasant Island.

　　However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.

　　Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐) on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for fanning. The company began mining the phosphate.

　　A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil Then u takes away the material it wants. Strip-mining totally destroys die land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.

　　In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate

　　Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized dial they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.

　　56. What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?

　　A. To seek help for Nauru's problems.

　　B. To give a warning to other countries.

　　C. To show the importance of money.

　　D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.

　　57. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?

　　A. Rich and powerful. B. Modem and open.

　　C. Peaceful and attractive. D. Greedy and aggressive.

　　58. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from______ .

　　A. soil pollution B. phosphate overmining

　　C. farming activity D. whale hunting

　　59. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem?

　　A. Its leaders misused the money.

　　B. It spent too much repairing the island.

　　C. Its phosphate mining cost much money.

　　D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.

　　60. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?

　　A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.

　　B. The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.

　　C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.

　　D. The phosphate mines were destroyed.

　　【难度】一般

　　59.【答案】A

　　【试题解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句和最后三句可知，Nauru的领导者对金钱的错误使用致使这个国家陷入了财政困难，故答案选A。

　　链接2. （2024北京卷）

　　“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.

　　As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

　　Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.

　　I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.

　　This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.

　　67. John Sauven holds that_____.

　　A. many people value nature too much

　　B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful

　　C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities

　　D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong

　　68. What is the main idea of Para. 3?

　　A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.

　　B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.

　　C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.

　　D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.

　　69. What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?

　　A. Objective.

　　B. Disapproving.

　　C. Sceptical.

　　D. Optimistic.

　　70. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　　CP: Central Point

　　P: Point

　　Sp: Sub-point(次要点)

　　C: Conclusion

　　【试题解析】短文在最后一段提到“This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.”。由此结合上文可知，作者对于双方的辩论是持着客观的态度，A选项与此相符。因此，正确答案为A选项。

　　【难度】一般

　　70.【答案】D

　　【试题解析】短文在第1段提出问题，在第2段和第3段分别列出了两方面的观点，第4段作者对两种观点谈了自己的看法，最后一段是全文的结论部分。由此可知，D选项就是短文的结构框架。因此，正确答案为D选项。

　　【难度】一般

　　链接3.2010福建卷

　　Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.

　　The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.

　　64．What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.

　　B．Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.

　　C．Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.

　　D．Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.

　　65．The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“

　　”.

　　A．affect

　　B．change

　　C．disturb

　　D．reject

　　66．According to Harry Morrison, businesses

　　A．will benefit from cutting carbon emissions

　　B．should buy carbon allowances for shoppers

　　C．are required to make up for their carbon emissions

　　D．have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere

　　67 ．We can learn from the passage that businesses will

　　A．have a strong desire to reduce costs

　　B．use the same logo in their marketing

　　C．gain advantages by taking early action

　　D．attract more shoppers by storing goods

　　分析解读：

　　65. 很多考生认为时今年和去年的购买对于环境的考虑发生了变化，从而选择了B项，实际这是由于没有仔细分析，仅从字面意思了解得出的错误结论。如果考生把这一段仔细解读一下，在理解的前提下，再找一下关键词汇，例如：aware of , effect 等，就会觉得affect这个选项好了。

　　67. 本题有不少考生选择了A项，因为他们觉得既然减排对企业有利，那么一些企业必然会有很大的愿望减排。实际本篇文章的第一句就表明了减排对企业是一个困难的时间，因此企业开始应该是没有意愿减排的，本文是来描述减排的好处，给企业以提醒的，因此选C。

　　·专项训练Have you ever had a great idea about how to clean up a park or start a recycling program? The Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes rewards kids who have put their ideas into action. Every year, the Barron Prize chooses ten winners nationwide who have made a positive difference to their community and the planet.

　　Stefanie Lacy, an 18-year-old from Texas, created the first successful recycling program in her town. And Whitney Boulton, an 18-year-old from New York, organized a "Stream Team" to clean up a local river.

　　When Stefanie moved from San Antonio to a small town, also in Texas, she noticed that her new town did not have a recycling program. Rather than just throwing away her trash, Stefanie decided to take action. She went to her city council and advised adding a recycling program. Then, she contacted the nearest recycling center. And after some time, she convinced it to place a bin in her town.

　　Today the program is in its fourth year. ⑤So far the program has recycled more than 459 tons of paper and saved over $22,000 in trash-disposal expenses.

　　Whitney was inspired to take action while on a walk in her town. She passed a river that her father had known as a child.

　　1. Who can win the Barron Prize?

　　A. People who have made a difference in protecting the environment

　　B. Children who often clean up a park in the neighborhood

　　C. kids who has contributed greatly to protect the environment

　　D. children who have great idea on how to protect the environment

　　2. What do you think the members of the "Stream Team" do?

　　A. They try their best to make the streets clean.

　　B. They try to prevent waste water flowing into the rivers

　　C. They manage to stop people swimming in the river

　　D. They do what they can to make the river clean

　　3. How did Stefanie start the recycling program?

　　A. Following the suggestion of the city council

　　B. With the help of city council and a recycling center

　　C. With the help of her family and her classmates

　　D. By teaming up with other volunteers

　　4. From the passage we can infer that _____.

　　A. the river was polluted in the past

　　B. few fish and other water animals lived in the river many years ago

　　C. people threw all kinds of things into the river

　　D. the river left Whitney’s father little impression

　　5. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?

　　A. The recycling program

　　B. The city council

　　C. The dustbin

　　D. The recycling center

　　Have you ever thought about living in a “green” house , one that is healthy for you and your family and helps conserve the Earth’s resources ? Some people want to build a new home, renovate an existing one, or make a few changes in their living habits. Every household can do something to support the conservation of the environment and improve our quality of life. As environmental concerns continue to increase worldwide, using more green products into our lives becomes more and more important. There is growing interest in green living, and the possibilities for achieving it in our homes are rapidly expanding. Our company’s website www.ghouseabc.com can show you more about that.

　　⑥Because buildings need enormous quantities of the Earth's resources in their construction and daily operation, they offer many opportunities for new eco-friendly design as well as cost savings.

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　　E-mail: ghouseabc@126.com

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　　1. The main purpose of the passage is to

　　A. remind people to protect the environment

　　B. ask people to buy a "green" house

　　C. give a brief introduction of the "Green" house.

　　D. express the writer s own opinion about the environment

　　2. From the passage, we can learn that the Green House shows

　　A. only interior-design

　　and outer appearance of the building