高考英语复习完形填空：考点解析12语法知识

　　完形填空突破(八)

　　—语法知识题

　　完形填空题中也有考查语法知识的题目,考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系,更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点以及短文所留空格中要填的词在句子里作什么成分,哪类词合适,应采取什么形式等进行认真的分析思考。比如,选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、及物、不及物、主谓搭配以及固定搭配等一系列问题。熟练地掌握基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题是一种非常有效的解题方法。

　　1．根据行文关系,准确判断代词

　　在一篇文章的后文中,为了简便起见,对于前文出现的人或物往往用代词代替,完形填空中也经常会有考查这方面语法现象的试题。考生在做这类试题时,要注意人称代词的单复数形式、替代词的特指和泛指等。

　　典例

　　When the children came back to steal her

　　29

　　,she had them stuck on the tree.They had to beg her long

　　30

　　she gave the tree permission to let

　　31

　　go.Aunty Misery was free from the

　　32

　　at last.

　　(2008·陕西)

　　31．A.it

　　B．them

　　C．him

　　D．her

　　答案　B

　　解析　本题考查代词的指代问题。结合文意,此处是她放“偷梨的孩子”走,故用them指代偷梨的孩子。

　　2．根据逻辑联系,恰当使用从句

　　定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句是构成文章的重要句型,完形填空中有很多试题是关于从句知识的,旨在考查考生的语篇行文逻辑推理能力。做此类试题时,考生要注意判断空白处在句中充当的成分,以及前后部分的逻辑关系等。

　　3．根据态度情感,准确使用情态动词

　　典例

　　The next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer (巫师),thanked her by granting (允准) her

　　26

　　that anyone who climbed up her tree

　　27

　　not be able to come back down until she

　　28

　　it.

　　(2008·陕西)

　　26．A.suggestion

　　B．demandC．permission

　　D．wish

　　27．A.could

　　B．shouldC．might

　　D．must

　　28．A.permitted

　　B．promisedC．answered

　　D．declared

　　答案　26.D　27.B　28.A

　　解析　26.从下文that引导的同位语从句的内容看,此处应是她的一个很难实现的愿望,而不是suggestion建议；demand要求；permission允许,故选D项。

　　27．考查情态动词。wish是先行词,同位语从句的谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”。might和could通常不与be able to连用；must表示“必须”。

　　28．此处意为“……直到她允许,爬上树的人才可以下来”,故选A项。1

　　While watching the Olympics the other night,I came across an incredible sight.The　1　was swimming and started with only three men.For one reason or another,two of them had a　2　start,so they were disqualified.That would have been difficult enough,not having anyone to 　3　against.

　　I watched the man　4　off the blocks and knew immediately that something was wrong.Now I’m not an expert　5　but I do know a good dive　6　a poor one,and this was not exactly medal　7　.I listened to the crowd begin to　8　this poor man who was clearly having a

　　　9　time.Finally he made his turn to start back.It was　10　.He made a few desperate strokes (划水) and you could tell he was exhausted.

　　But in those few　11　strokes,the crowd had changed.No longer were they laughing,but beginning to　12　.Some even began to　13　things like,“Come on,you can do it！”,and he

　　　14　finished his race.The crowd went　15　.Even though he recorded one of the　16　times in Olympic history,this man gave more heart than any of the other　17　.

　　In a competition where athletes remove their silver medals,feeling they have　18　been cheated out of gold,or when they act so　19　in front of their competitors,it is nice to watch an underdog (失败者),a man that gave his all—knowing that he had no chance,but competed because of his　20　and the spirit of the games.

　　1．A.view

　　B．event

　　C．game

　　D．match

　　答案　B

　　解析　event此处意为“(比赛)项目”。

　　2．A.false

　　B．nervous

　　C．strangeD．violent

　　答案　A

　　解析　a false start(运动中)抢在指令前行动。此处理解为其他选手抢跳了,犯规出局。

　　3．A.fight B．struggle

　　C．defend D．race

　　答案　D

　　解析　其他人都被罚下场了,只剩这一名运动员,没有人跟他竞技了。

　　4．A.set

　　B．bounce

　　C．dive

　　D．fall

　　答案　C

　　解析　从泳道起点的出发台上跳下泳池,dive此处意为“跳水”。

　　5．A.swimmer

　　B．coach C．judgeD．adviser

　　答案　A

　　解析　“我”不是内行的游泳者,但“我”也能看出入水这一跳的好坏。

　　6．A.from

　　B．in C．beyond D．between

　　答案　A

　　解析　固定搭配know A from B,意为“区分,辨别”。

　　7．A.feature

　　B．quality

　　C．example D．sign

　　答案　B

　　解析　这一跳可不具有得奖牌应有的水平。

　　8．A.break off B．stand byC．laugh at D．focus on

　　答案　C

　　解析　奥运会参赛选手一般都是高手,所以这位选手的表现自然引来了观众的嘲笑(laugh at)。

　　9．A.happy

　　B．wonderfulC．vagueD．tough

　　答案　D

　　解析　这位选手游得艰难,have a tough time＝have a hard time。

　　10．A.hopeful

　　B．pitiful

　　C．boring

　　D．skillful

　　答案　B

　　解析　眼前的情景是值得同情的(pitiful)。

　　11．A.flexible

　　B．smartC．awkward

　　D．excellent

　　答案　C

　　解析　在那几下笨拙的(awkward)划水之后……。

　　12．A.support B．quit

　　C．cheer

　　D．hesitate

　　答案　C

　　解析　观众被这位运动员不放弃的精神感动,开始喝彩。

　　13．A.speak

　　B．present

　　C．concludeD．yell

　　答案　D

　　解析　yell为shout的同义词。观众开始大声喊加油。

　　14．A.eventually B．hardlyC．successfullyD．nearly

　　答案　A

　　解析　运动员终于(eventually)游完了全程。

　　15．A.wild

　　B．angry C．sad

　　D．grey

　　答案　A

　　解析　结合上文,A项最符合语境。

　　16．A.fastest B．luckiest C．hardest

　　D．slowest

　　答案　D

　　解析　他是奥运历史上最慢的选手之一。

　　17．A.companions

　　B．competitorsC．volunteersD．partners

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：虽然他是奥运历史上最慢的选手之一,但他比其他选手都用心。

　　18．A.somehow

　　B．already

　　C．even

　　D．anyway

　　答案　A

　　解析　在比赛中有的银牌获得者会觉得自己是因某种程度上的被骗而无缘金牌……。

　　19．A.poorly

　　B．carelesslyC．sharplyD．proudly

　　答案　D

　　解析　也有一些运动员因为成绩遥遥领先而趾高气扬。

　　20．A.advantage

　　B．independenceC．determination

　　D．principle

　　答案　C

　　解析　明知不能取胜,却因为自己的意志和奥运会的精神完成了(比赛)。2

　　(2008·浙江)

　　on not in swimsuit.

　　After swimming, I would go　12　his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me

　　13

　　anything I found in his top desk drawer.Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk

　　14

　　he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his

　　15

　　.But my father always

　　16

　　and said easily, “Oh, no, it’s

　　17

　　.”Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get

　　18

　　an ice cream...

　　A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood；the rest is

　　19

　　.”And I think it is not only what we “look at once, in childhood”that determines our memories, but

　　20

　　, in that childhood, looks at us.

　　1．A.desire

　　B．joy

　　C．anger

　　D．worry

　　答案　B

　　解析　此处应选一个与love相近的词,故选B。

　　2．A.avoid

　　B．refuseC．praise

　　D．love

　　答案　D

　　解析　本句中的But为提示词。

　　3．A.boat

　　B．bus

　　C．train D．bike

　　答案　A

　　解析　前面提到喜欢water,那么与water有关的就是“boat”了。

　　4．A.But

　　B．Then

　　C．And

　　D．Still

　　答案　C

　　解析　此处表顺承关系(喜欢水,也喜欢鱼)。

　　5．A.on

　　B．off

　　C．by

　　D．in

　　答案　D

　　解析　前面提到on the water,后面又有moving through it,可知此处指在水里。

　　6．A.having

　　B．leavingC．making

　　D．getting

　　答案　A

　　解析　此处having指“持有,拥有”,指身体四周全有水。

　　7．A.swimmer

　　B．riderC．walker

　　D．runner

　　答案　A

　　解析　在水中当然是swimmer。

　　8．A.hopes

　　B．faithsC．rights

　　D．fears

　　答案　D

　　解析　既然不是strong swimmer,当然就害怕。

　　9．A.spending

　　B．savingC．wasting D．ruining

　　答案　A

　　解析　和父亲一起度过summer days。

　　10．A.should

　　B．wouldC．had to

　　D．ought to

　　答案　B

　　解析　此处would指“常常,总是”。

　　11．A.next

　　B．only C．other

　　D．last

　　答案　B

　　解析　父亲总是穿着他的衣服站在那儿,惟一一个不穿泳装的人。

　　12．A.away from

　　B．out ofC．by

　　D．inside

　　答案　D

　　解析　由后面的sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk可知,是到父亲的办公室里。

　　13．A.put up

　　B．break downC．play with D．work out

　　答案　C

　　解析　15题前面有提示。

　　14．A.the moment

　　B．the first timeC．while

　　D．before

　　答案　C

　　解析　while此处表示“对比”,译为“然而”。句意为：我被独自留在桌子边,而他在实验室工作。

　　15．A.fishing net B．office thingsC．wooden chair

　　D．lab equipment

　　答案　B

　　解析　由于是在办公室里,那当然就是office things。

　　16．A.stood up

　　B．set outC．showed up

　　D．turned out

　　答案　C

　　解析　show up表示“出现,到场”。

　　17．A.fine

　　B．strangeC．terrible

　　D．funny

　　答案　A

　　解析　...it’s fine.……这很好。

　　18．A.the student

　　B．the assistantC．myself

　　D．himself

　　答案　C

　　解析　让我自己去买an ice cream。

　　19．A.memory

　　B．wealthC．experience D．practice

　　答案　A

　　解析　后面有提示。

　　20．A.which

　　B．who

　　C．what

　　D．whose

　　答案　B

　　解析　who作looks at us的主语。

　　完形填空突破(八)

　　—语法知识题

　　完形填空题中也有考查语法知识的题目,考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系,更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点以及短文所留空格中要填的词在句子里作什么成分,哪类词合适,应采取什么形式等进行认真的分析思考。比如,选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、及物、不及物、主谓搭配以及固定搭配等一系列问题。熟练地掌握基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题是一种非常有效的解题方法。

　　1．根据行文关系,准确判断代词

　　在一篇文章的后文中,为了简便起见,对于前文出现的人或物往往用代词代替,完形填空中也经常会有考查这方面语法现象的试题。考生在做这类试题时,要注意人称代词的单复数形式、替代词的特指和泛指等。

　　典例

　　When the children came back to steal her

　　29

　　,she had them stuck on the tree.They had to beg her long

　　30

　　she gave the tree permission to let

　　31

　　go.Aunty Misery was free from the

　　32

　　at last.

　　(2008·陕西)

　　31．A.it

　　B．them

　　C．him

　　D．her

　　答案　B

　　解析　本题考查代词的指代问题。结合文意,此处是她放“偷梨的孩子”走,故用them指代偷梨的孩子。

　　2．根据逻辑联系,恰当使用从句

　　定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句是构成文章的重要句型,完形填空中有很多试题是关于从句知识的,旨在考查考生的语篇行文逻辑推理能力。做此类试题时,考生要注意判断空白处在句中充当的成分,以及前后部分的逻辑关系等。

　　3．根据态度情感,准确使用情态动词

　　典例

　　The next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer (巫师),thanked her by granting (允准) her

　　26

　　that anyone who climbed up her tree

　　27

　　not be able to come back down until she

　　28

　　it.

　　(2008·陕西)

　　26．A.suggestion

　　B．demandC．permission

　　D．wish

　　27．A.could

　　B．shouldC．might

　　D．must

　　28．A.permitted

　　B．promisedC．answered

　　D．declared

　　答案　26.D　27.B　28.A

　　解析　26.从下文that引导的同位语从句的内容看,此处应是她的一个很难实现的愿望,而不是suggestion建议；demand要求；permission允许,故选D项。

　　27．考查情态动词。wish是先行词,同位语从句的谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”。might和could通常不与be able to连用；must表示“必须”。

　　28．此处意为“……直到她允许,爬上树的人才可以下来”,故选A项。1

　　While watching the Olympics the other night,I came across an incredible sight.The　1　was swimming and started with only three men.For one reason or another,two of them had a　2　start,so they were disqualified.That would have been difficult enough,not having anyone to 　3　against.

　　I watched the man　4　off the blocks and knew immediately that something was wrong.Now I’m not an expert　5　but I do know a good dive　6　a poor one,and this was not exactly medal　7　.I listened to the crowd begin to　8　this poor man who was clearly having a

　　　9　time.Finally he made his turn to start back.It was　10　.He made a few desperate strokes (划水) and you could tell he was exhausted.

　　But in those few　11　strokes,the crowd had changed.No longer were they laughing,but beginning to　12　.Some even began to　13　things like,“Come on,you can do it！”,and he

　　　14　finished his race.The crowd went　15　.Even though he recorded one of the　16　times in Olympic history,this man gave more heart than any of the other　17　.

　　In a competition where athletes remove their silver medals,feeling they have　18　been cheated out of gold,or when they act so　19　in front of their competitors,it is nice to watch an underdog (失败者),a man that gave his all—knowing that he had no chance,but competed because of his　20　and the spirit of the games.

　　1．A.view

　　B．event

　　C．game

　　D．match

　　答案　B

　　解析　event此处意为“(比赛)项目”。

　　2．A.false

　　B．nervous

　　C．strangeD．violent

　　答案　A

　　解析　a false start(运动中)抢在指令前行动。此处理解为其他选手抢跳了,犯规出局。

　　3．A.fight B．struggle

　　C．defend D．race

　　答案　D

　　解析　其他人都被罚下场了,只剩这一名运动员,没有人跟他竞技了。

　　4．A.set

　　B．bounce

　　C．dive

　　D．fall

　　答案　C

　　解析　从泳道起点的出发台上跳下泳池,dive此处意为“跳水”。

　　5．A.swimmer

　　B．coach C．judgeD．adviser

　　答案　A

　　解析　“我”不是内行的游泳者,但“我”也能看出入水这一跳的好坏。

　　6．A.from

　　B．in C．beyond D．between

　　答案　A

　　解析　固定搭配know A from B,意为“区分,辨别”。

　　7．A.feature

　　B．quality

　　C．example D．sign

　　答案　B

　　解析　这一跳可不具有得奖牌应有的水平。

　　8．A.break off B．stand byC．laugh at D．focus on

　　答案　C

　　解析　奥运会参赛选手一般都是高手,所以这位选手的表现自然引来了观众的嘲笑(laugh at)。

　　9．A.happy

　　B．wonderfulC．vagueD．tough

　　答案　D

　　解析　这位选手游得艰难,have a tough time＝have a hard time。

　　10．A.hopeful

　　B．pitiful

　　C．boring

　　D．skillful

　　答案　B

　　解析　眼前的情景是值得同情的(pitiful)。

　　11．A.flexible

　　B．smartC．awkward

　　D．excellent

　　答案　C

　　解析　在那几下笨拙的(awkward)划水之后……。

　　12．A.support B．quit

　　C．cheer

　　D．hesitate

　　答案　C

　　解析　观众被这位运动员不放弃的精神感动,开始喝彩。

　　13．A.speak

　　B．present

　　C．concludeD．yell

　　答案　D

　　解析　yell为shout的同义词。观众开始大声喊加油。

　　14．A.eventually B．hardlyC．successfullyD．nearly

　　答案　A

　　解析　运动员终于(eventually)游完了全程。

　　15．A.wild

　　B．angry C．sad

　　D．grey

　　答案　A

　　解析　结合上文,A项最符合语境。

　　16．A.fastest B．luckiest C．hardest

　　D．slowest

　　答案　D

　　解析　他是奥运历史上最慢的选手之一。

　　17．A.companions

　　B．competitorsC．volunteersD．partners

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：虽然他是奥运历史上最慢的选手之一,但他比其他选手都用心。

　　18．A.somehow

　　B．already

　　C．even

　　D．anyway

　　答案　A

　　解析　在比赛中有的银牌获得者会觉得自己是因某种程度上的被骗而无缘金牌……。

　　19．A.poorly

　　B．carelesslyC．sharplyD．proudly

　　答案　D

　　解析　也有一些运动员因为成绩遥遥领先而趾高气扬。

　　20．A.advantage

　　B．independenceC．determination

　　D．principle

　　答案　C

　　解析　明知不能取胜,却因为自己的意志和奥运会的精神完成了(比赛)。2

　　(2008·浙江)

　　on not in swimsuit.

　　After swimming, I would go　12　his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me

　　13

　　anything I found in his top desk drawer.Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk

　　14

　　he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his

　　15

　　.But my father always

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　　and said easily, “Oh, no, it’s

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　　.”Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get

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　　an ice cream...

　　A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood；the rest is

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　　.”And I think it is not only what we “look at once, in childhood”that determines our memories, but

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　　, in that childhood, looks at us.

　　1．A.desire

　　B．joy

　　C．anger

　　D．worry

　　答案　B

　　解析　此处应选一个与love相近的词,故选B。

　　2．A.avoid

　　B．refuseC．praise

　　D．love

　　答案　D

　　解析　本句中的But为提示词。

　　3．A.boat

　　B．bus

　　C．train D．bike

　　答案　A

　　解析　前面提到喜欢water,那么与water有关的就是“boat”了。

　　4．A.But

　　B．Then

　　C．And

　　D．Still

　　答案　C

　　解析　此处表顺承关系(喜欢水,也喜欢鱼)。

　　5．A.on

　　B．off

　　C．by

　　D．in

　　答案　D

　　解析　前面提到on the water,后面又有moving through it,可知此处指在水里。

　　6．A.having

　　B．leavingC．making

　　D．getting

　　答案　A

　　解析　此处having指“持有,拥有”,指身体四周全有水。

　　7．A.swimmer

　　B．riderC．walker

　　D．runner

　　答案　A

　　解析　在水中当然是swimmer。

　　8．A.hopes

　　B．faithsC．rights

　　D．fears

　　答案　D

　　解析　既然不是strong swimmer,当然就害怕。

　　9．A.spending

　　B．savingC．wasting D．ruining

　　答案　A

　　解析　和父亲一起度过summer days。

　　10．A.should

　　B．wouldC．had to

　　D．ought to

　　答案　B

　　解析　此处would指“常常,总是”。

　　11．A.next

　　B．only C．other

　　D．last

　　答案　B

　　解析　父亲总是穿着他的衣服站在那儿,惟一一个不穿泳装的人。

　　12．A.away from

　　B．out ofC．by

　　D．inside

　　答案　D

　　解析　由后面的sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk可知,是到父亲的办公室里。

　　13．A.put up

　　B．break downC．play with D．work out

　　答案　C

　　解析　15题前面有提示。

　　14．A.the moment

　　B．the first timeC．while

　　D．before

　　答案　C

　　解析　while此处表示“对比”,译为“然而”。句意为：我被独自留在桌子边,而他在实验室工作。

　　15．A.fishing net B．office thingsC．wooden chair

　　D．lab equipment

　　答案　B

　　解析　由于是在办公室里,那当然就是office things。

　　16．A.stood up

　　B．set outC．showed up

　　D．turned out

　　答案　C

　　解析　show up表示“出现,到场”。

　　17．A.fine

　　B．strangeC．terrible

　　D．funny

　　答案　A

　　解析　...it’s fine.……这很好。

　　18．A.the student

　　B．the assistantC．myself

　　D．himself

　　答案　C

　　解析　让我自己去买an ice cream。

　　19．A.memory

　　B．wealthC．experience D．practice

　　答案　A

　　解析　后面有提示。

　　20．A.which

　　B．who

　　C．what

　　D．whose

　　答案　B

　　解析　who作looks at us的主语。