高考英语复习完形填空：考点解析说明文3
完形填空之说明文
二、说明文
【体裁诠释】
说明文一般用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及规律。说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采用时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序。
1. 说明文一般分为三类：
①事物的说明；②事理的说明; ③文艺性的说明
2. 说明文通常具有下列特点：
(1)多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释，而这种客观介绍与解释一般是不随时间变化而变化的。
(2)采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。
(3)遣词用字简练、平实、确切。
说明文的主要目的是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，故其语言通常较为浅显、通俗，比较易于读者理解。其内容也很客观真实，它的用词总是贴近事物的本来面目，不会使用华丽的词藻和夸张的写作手法，一般也不加描述和议论。
3. 做好说明文完形填空，最主要的是抓住文章说明的中心，这要求考生做好三方面：
（1）注意文章的说明顺序，常见的说明顺序有时间、空间、逻辑（指先因后果或先果后因，先主后次的顺序）和认识顺序（指由此及彼，由浅入深，由局部到整体，由现象到本质，由具体到抽象的顺序）。把握了说明的顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，抓住文章中心。
（2）注意段落之间的逻辑关系，说明文的首段往往是文章的主题段，每段的首句也是主题句，一定把握好主题段和主题句，这是做好这类完形填空题的前提。
（3）注意文章结尾，文章结尾的段落往往对说明的问题进行总的概括，有时就是文章的点睛之处。
【典例探究】
（2010·安徽卷）Most people give little thought to the pens they write with , especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 36things are handwritten .All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it .However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not 39 if you keep the following in mind.
First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use .The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征)41comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers, you may 43 a fatter pen .The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feel top-heavy and unstable.
Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. 47 will make it possible for you to create a 48 line of writing .The point should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again.
52 , the pen should make a thick , dark line. Fine-line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine, delicate
lines do not command
54
next to printed text ,as , 55, a signature on a printed letter .A broader line, on the other hand ,gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)。
36.A.many
B. few
C. pleasant
D. important
37.A.looks
B. reason
C. value
D. advantages
38.A.once
B. if
C. because
D. though
39.A.convenient
B. practical
C. strange
D. difficult
40.A.heavy
B. easy
C. hard
D. safe
41.A.taking
B. finding
C. determining
D. seeking
42.A.stronger
B. weaker
C. smaller
D. larger
43.A.prefer
B. recommend
C. prepare
D. demand
44.A.hardly
B. also
C. never
D. still
45. A. thick
B. light
C. long
D. soft
46. A. change
B. allow
C.
reduce
D .press
47. A. They
B. One
C. This
D. Some
48. A. from
B. rough
C. black
D. smooth
49. A. prevent
B. free
C. protect
D. remove
50.
A. way
B. sight
C. flow
D. stream
51.
A. so
B. as
C. and
D. yet
52.
A. Meanwhile
B. Generally
C. Afterwards
D. Finally
53.
A. show up
B. differ from
C. break down
D. compensate for
54.
A. attention
B. support
C. respect
D. admission
55.
A. at most
B. for example
C. in brief
D. on purpose
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么样的钢笔才算是得心应手的钢笔。
36【解析】选B。既然现代家庭和办公室里有了打印机，那么手写的东西就少了。many多的；pleasant令人愉快的；important重要的few 少的。
37【解析】选A。下文提到“人们一旦开始用钢笔，却并不满意”可知当时挑选钢笔时，主要是根据其外观买的。looks 外表，外貌； reason原因； value 价值；advantages优点，优势。
38【解析】选A。此处应是时间状语从句，用once 引导，“一旦开始用钢笔，却并不满意”； once 一旦；if 如果； because因为；though 虽然，尽管。
39【解析】选D。句意：如果你记住了以下几点的话，买一支你喜欢的钢笔是不难的。convenient 方便的；easy容易的； strange奇怪的，陌生的； difficult困难的。
40【解析】选B。根据常识可知，好的钢笔应该是用起来很好用，很舒服的。heavy重的； easy容易的，舒适的； hard硬的，难的； safe安全的。
41【解析】选C。钢笔的粗细是决定舒服度的最重要的特征。determine决定；seek追求，寻找。
42【解析】选D。和上句的small hand and thick fingers相对照，此处应是larger hand and thicker fingers。
43【解析】选A。句意：如果你的手比较大，手指比较粗的话，你可能更喜欢粗点的钢笔。prefer喜爱；recommend推荐，建议；prepare准备；demand要求，需要。
44【解析】选B。上文提到钢笔的粗细是决定舒服度的最重要的特征，此处又提到其长度也影响舒适度。故选also 也。hardly 几乎不；never从不；still仍然。
45【解析】选C。上文提到长度也会影响钢笔的舒适度，那么造成钢笔给人不平稳感觉的就应是钢笔太长了，所以选long长的。thick粗的；light轻的；soft柔软的。
46【解析】选B。此处的意思应是“笔尖应让墨水出水均匀”，故选allow允许； change改变； reduce 减少；press 按，压。
47【解析】选C。this指代上文中提到的“钢笔出水均匀”。
48【解析】选D。出水均匀的钢笔能够让字体线条流畅。smooth流畅的，光滑的；thin纤瘦的；rough粗糙的，不平的；black黑色的。
49【解析】选A。笔尖应该是当钢笔拿起来时，不再出水。prevent …from doing…
阻止…做某事，此处指防止墨水流出free … from …使…免除…； protect …. from…保护…不受到伤害；remove… from…把…从…消除。
50【解析】选C。不能阻止墨水流出的笔尖会在你拿起钢笔在放下时留下一滩滩的墨迹。way道路；sight视力；flow流量；stream小溪。
51【解析】选B。as引导的时间状语从句。当你拿起钢笔在放下时留下一滩滩的墨迹。
52【解析】选D。此处是列举的最后一条。meanwhile与此同时；generally一般情况下；afterwards后来；finally最后。
53【解析】选D。细线条的钢笔或许会补偿差的书写。show up出席；differ from不同于；break down出故障，垮掉；compensate for补偿，赔偿。
54【解析】选A。细线条的文字和印刷的文字在一起时，细线条的文字不会得到人们的注意，例如作为打印信件签名时。attention注意力；support支持；respect尊重；admission许可。
55【解析】选B。举例说明用for example；at most至多；in brief 简言之；on purpose故意地。
【跟踪演练】
1、（2011·吉林省实验中学高三第二次模拟考试）
“ Down-to-earth” means someone or something that is honest, practical and easy to deal with．It is
36
to find someone who is down-to-earth．A person who is down-to-earth is easy to talk to
37
accepts other people as equals．A down-to-earth is just the 38 of someone who acts importantly and proudly.
Down-to-earth persons may be
39
members of society, of course．But they do not let their importance “ go to their
40
”．They do not
41
themselves to be better persons than others of less importance, someone who is filled with his own importance and
42 , often without cause, is said to have “his nose in the air”．There is no way a person with his nose in the
43
can be down-to-earth．Americans use another expression that means almost the same
44
“down-to-earth”．The expression is “both-feet-on-the-ground”．Someone with both-feet-on-the-ground is a person
45
a good understanding of reality．He has what is called “
46
sense”．He may have
47
, but he does not allow them to
48
his knowledge of what is real．The opposite kind of person is
49
who has his “head-in-the-clouds”．A man with his head in the clouds is a dreamer whose mind is not in the
50
world.
Sometimes
51
a dreamer can be brought back to earth． 52
words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.
Usually, the person who is down-to-earth is very
53
to have both-feet-on-the-ground.
54
we have both our feet on-the-ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act
55
and openly toward others．Our lives are like the ground below us, solid and strong.
36．A．common
B．sad
C．pleasant
D．surprising
37．A．but
B．yet
C．and
D．while
38．A．kind
B．like
C．example
D．opposite
39．A．important
B．famous
C．successful
D．necessary
40．A．nose
B．heads
C．minds
D．forehead
41．A．wish
B．desire
C．expect
D．consider
42．A．proud
B．pride
C．famous
D．fame
43．A．air
B．sky
C．tree
D．cloud
44．A．like
B．with
C．of
D．for
45．A．has
B．who
C．is
D．with
46．A．usual
B．ordinary
C．common
D．daily
47．A．dreams
B．fortunes
C．advantages
D．luck
48．A．prevent
B．protect
C．block
D．gain
49．A．one
B．those
C．that
D．the one
50．A．reality
B．real
C．dreamful
D．true
51．A．so
B．such
C．each
D．that
52．A．Sharp
B．No
C．All
D．Bad
53．A．able
B．probable
C．likely
D．possible
54．A．When
B．While
C．As
D．Since
55．A．kindly
B．directly
C．friendly
D．honestly
（2011·福建省南安第一中学高三毕业班期中考试）
My bed is supposed to be the best part of my home — the place where I go to find
36_ and relaxation after a long, stressful day. So, lately, why do I get
37
just looking at it? I can’t leave this problem unsolved to the next day, because I can’t get to
38
in the first place: I am a victimof insomnia (失眠).
I’m not
39 _: studies show that more than one in three people worldwide
40
insomnia. It takes different
41
: some people can get to sleep on time, but
42
much too early; others get a full-night’s sleep but still
43
very tired when they wake up. And then there are people like me, ordinary insomniacs who toss and turn all
44
, trying to fall asleep.
Insomnia is most commonly a side effect of depression, but it can
45
be caused by many other ailments (小病痛). To find the
46
, doctors first find out the cause by
47
a “sleep diary,” in which you record your sleep habits. The diary may reveal (揭示) lifestyle patterns,
48
an afternoon nap, which are causing your
49
. Dr. Mark Dyken, a specialist in sleep disorders, writes that, “a good sleep diary can often
50
the patients to ‘cure themselves.’”
A good night’s sleep is created during the day.
51
in the beginning or middle of the day, and
