高考英语复习完形填空:考点解析7(课件)

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高考英语复习完形填空:考点解析7(课件)

  专题三 │ 新题预测

  19.A 这里承接上一段的两个方面进一步阐述早点开始攒钱的好处,所以应该选择in addition,意为“另外,除……之外”。

  20.B 语境为:此外,从早些时候开始攒钱还意味着你可以无忧地按你想要的生活方式生活。consult意为“咨询,商量”;rest意为“休息”;think意为“思考”。

  专题四

  说明文型完形填空 专题四 说明文型完形填空 专题四 │ 专题导读

  说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明,通常结构严谨,句子结构复杂,因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类:一是实物性说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等(实物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品);二是事理性说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等);三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化,进而编成故事,对其进行介绍。

  专题导读 专题四 │ 专题导读

  具体特点为:

  1. 开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时,要明确说明的对象是什么,是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此,明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空题中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。

  2. 结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序),空间顺序(从局部到整体、从上到下、从内到外),逻辑顺序(前因后果、先果后因、先主后次),认识顺序(由此及彼、由浅入深、由具体到抽象、由现象到本质)。 专题四 │ 专题导读 说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰,整体性强,所以,递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白,写作脉络清晰,又没有很多感情因素的掺入,所以就不会有过多的情感词汇,自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点,我们便可以跟着“作者”走,理清整篇文章的思路,从而顺利答题。

  专题四 │ 真题典例 [2010·安徽卷]

  Most people give little thought to the pens they write with,especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very __1__ things are handwritten. All too often,people buy a pen based only on __2__,and wonder

  why they are not satisfied __3__ they begin to use it. However,buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not __4__ if you keep the following in mind.

  真题典例 专题四 │ 真题典例

  First of all,a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __5__ to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征)__6__ comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers,you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a __7__ hand and thicker fingers,you may __8__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can __9__ influence comfort. A pen that is too__10__ can easily feel top­ heavy and unstable. 专题四 │ 真题典例

  Then,the writing point of the pen should __11__ the ink to flow evenly (均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper.__12__ will make it possible for you to create a __13__ line of writing. The point should also

  be sensitive enough to __14__ ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the __15__ may leave drops of ink,__16__you pick the pen up and put it down again. 专题四 │ 真题典例

  __17__,the pen should make a thick,dark line. Fine­ line pens may __18__ bad handwriting,but fine,delicate lines do not command __19__ next to printed text,as,__20__,a signature on a printed letter. A broader line,on the other hand,gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威).

  专题四 │ 真题典例

  ()1. A. many B. few

  C. pleasant

  D. important

  ()2. A. looks

  B. reason

  C. value

  D. advantages

  ()3. A. once

  B. if

  C. because

  D. though

  ()4. A. convenient

  B. practical

  C. strange

  D. difficult 专题四 │ 真题典例

  ()5. A. heavy

  B. easy

  C. hard

  D. safe

  ()6. A. taking

  B. finding

  C. determining

  D. seeking

  ()7. A. stronger

  B. weaker

  C. smaller

  D. larger

  ()8. A. prefer

  B. recommend

  C. prepare

  D. demand 专题四 │ 真题典例

  ()9. A. hardly

  B. also

  C. never

  D. still

  ()10. A. thick

  B. light

  C. long

  D. soft

  ()11. A. change

  B. allow

  C. reduce

  D. press

  ()12. A. They

  B. One

  C. This

  D. Some 专题四 │ 真题典例

  ()13. A. thin

  B. rough

  C. black

  D. smooth

  ()14. A. prevent

  B. free

  C. protect

  D. remove

  ()15. A. way

  B. sight

  C. flow

  D. stream

  ()16. A. so

  B. as

  C. and

  D. yet

  专题四 │ 真题典例

  ()17. A. Meanwhile

  B. Generally

  C. Afterwards

  D. Finally

  ()18. A. show up

  B. differ from

  C. break down

  D. compensate for

  ()19. A. attention

  B. support

  C. respect

  D. admission

  ()20. A. at most

  B. for example

  C. in brief

  D. on purpose 专题四 │ 真题典例

  1.B 文章开头说人们很少注意选择钢笔,原因是手写的东西很少。

  2.A 人们买钢笔主要基于样子(looks)。

  3.A 一旦使用才发现并不满意。

  4.D 如果按作者说的做,买一支喜欢的钢笔并不难。

  5.B 买钢笔要与手合适,使用起来容易。

  6.C 钢笔的粗度决定了使用时是否舒适。 专题四 │ 真题典例

  7.D 手大的当然要买粗一点的,与前文Having a small hand相呼应。

  8.A 根据句意“如果你的手指更大且更粗,你可能会更喜欢一支更粗的笔。”选A。recommend“推荐”;prepare“准备”;demand“要求”,均不合句意。

  9.B 钢笔的长度也影响舒适度。

  10.C 太长的笔拿着容易感到头重,不稳。

  11.B 笔尖要使得墨水均匀流畅。

  12.C 这一点(This)使得流利书写成为可能。 专题四 │ 真题典例

  13.D 根据前一句话“...allow the ink to flow evenly(均匀地) while

  the pen remains in touch with the paper.” 即可推知:使你的书写线条流畅。

  14.A 不写的时候,笔尖要防止墨水流出。prevent...from阻止;free from免于;protect...from保护;remove from从……中移开(拿走,除掉)。

  15.C 

  16.B 当你拿笔或放笔的时候。 专题四 │ 真题典例

  17.D 由上文First of all...,Then...可知这里应用Finally。

  18.D 好的笔可以弥补书写差的缺点。show up使显示出;differ from与……不同;break down损坏,发生故障;compensate for 赔偿,补偿损失。

  19.A 和印刷体比较,写得好(指签名)也并不能引起注意。

  20.B at most 至多;for example 例如;in brief 总之;on purpose故意地。 专题三 │ 专题导读

  议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种文体,它一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文型完形填空,最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同,大体有以下三种情况: 1. 开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点,然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点,论据有时候既有正面的论据,也有反面的论据,最后总结全文。

  专题导读 专题三 │ 专题导读

  2. 导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点,再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。

  3. 最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象,而不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,自然得出一种结论,这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空,要在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓住每段的首句,即主旨句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络,理解文意就容易了。

  专题三 │ 真题典例 [2009·福建卷]

  Children find meanings in their old family tales.

  When Stephen Guyer‘s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker,

  __1__

  all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times

  __2__

  his strong­ minded grandfather was nearly

  __3__, he loaded his family into the car and

  __4__

  them to see family members in Canada with a

  __5__ “There are more important things in life than money.”

  真题典例 专题三 │ 真题典例

  The __6__

  took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a

  __7__

  house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was __8__

  that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren't.

  __9__, their reaction echoed (共鸣) their great­ grandfather's. What they

  __10__

  was how warm the people were in the house and how

  __11__

  of their heart was accessible.

  专题三 │ 真题典例

  Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children

  __12__

  hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing __13__

  in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in

  storytelling events and festivals.

  A university

  __14__

  of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids' ability to

  __15__

  parents' stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.

  专题三 │ 真题典例

  The __16__

  is telling the stories in a way children can __17__. We're not talking here about the kind of story that

  __18__, “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow.” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child's __19__, and make eye contact (接触) to create “a personal experience”. We don't have to tell children __20__they should take from the story and what the moral is.

  专题三 │ 真题典例

  ()1.A.issed

  B.lost

   

  C.forgot

  D.Ignored

  ()2.A.when

  B.while

  C.how

  D.Why

  ()3.A.friendless B.worthless

  C.penniless D.homeless

  ()4.A.fetched

  B.allowed

  C.expected D.took 专题三 │ 真题典例

  ()5.A.hope

  B.promise

  C.suggestion

  D.Belief

  ()6.A.tale

  B.agreement

  C.arrangement D.Report

  ()7.A.large

  B.small

  C.new

  D.Grand

  ()8.A.surprised

  B.annoyed

  C.disappointed D.worried 专题三 │ 真题典例

  ()9.A.Therefore

  B.Besides

  C.Instead

  D.Otherwise

  ()10.A.talked about

  B.cared about

  C.wrote about

  D.heard about

  ()11.A.much

  B.many

  C.little

  D.Few

  ()12.A.beyond

  B.over

  C.behind

  D.through 专题三 │ 真题典例

  ()13.A.argument

  B.skill

  C.interest

  D.Anxiety

  ()14.A.study

  B.design

  C.committee

  D.Staff

  ()15.A.provide

  B.retell

  C.support

  D.Refuse

  ()16.A.trouble

  B.gift

  C.fact

  D.trick 专题三 │ 真题典例

  ()17.A.perform

  B.write

  C.hear

  D.Question

  ()18.A.means

  B.ends

  C.begins

  D.Proves

  ()19.A.needs

  B.activities

  C.judgments

  D.Habits

  ()20.A.that

  B.what

  C.which

  D.whom 专题三 │ 真题典例

  【要点综述】 研究表明,给孩子们讲述先辈们艰苦奋斗的故事不仅有助于他们渡过难关,也可以缓解他们的精神压力——减消生气和焦虑。

  1.B 他给他们讲述了他爷爷——一位银行家,在20世纪30年代失去了一切但没有忘记他最重视的东西的故事。本句中but后面的lose sight of暗示本空应填lost。

  2.A 首先要弄清本句的主句是:he loaded his family into the car and…由此可知设空处引导定语从句,再根据句意可知此处用表示时间的关系副词when。 专题三 │ 真题典例

  3.C 根据上文________(lost) all in the 1930s可知本空答案应为penniless(身无分文)。

  4.D 爷爷用车把全家人带到加拿大。take带走;fetch去取;allow允许;expect期望。由题意可知,本题答案应为D项。

  5.D 空后的句子There are more important things in life than money为设空处的同位语,而该句应该是爷爷的一种“信念”,不是“希望”、“诺言”和“建议”,故答案为D项。

  6.A 根据首段最后一词及第二段整段内容可知本题答案为A。 专题三 │ 真题典例

  7.B 本句改为:Mr. Guyer downsized from a more expensive and comfortable one to a … house后可知答案为B项。Guyer先生原来住的房子价格不菲,而且住起来非常舒适,而现在却住在一所小房子里。