2024高考英语备考复习动词的时态和语态：主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法

　　主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法

　　1.

　　(典型例题精选) Millions of pounds' worth of damage

　　by a storm which swept across the north of Englandlast night.

　　A. has been caused

　　B. had been caused C. will be caused

　　D. will have been caused

　　[考场错解]

　　B

　　[专家把脉]

　　损失是暴风雨造成的，所以应该是被动。但如果被题干中的过去时迷惑而用过去完成时的B项就错了。暴风雨是昨晚发生的事情，但由此造成的影响还在继续，所以应当用现在完成时的被动语态。

　　[对症下药]

　　A

　　2.

　　( ) —Why did you leave that position?

　　—I

　　a better position at IBM.

　　A. offer

　　B. offered

　　C. am offered

　　D. was offered

　　[考场错解]

　　C

　　[专家把脉]

　　动词offer常用在offer sb．sth．结构中，这里主语是I．故用被动语态。又因为动作发生在过去，因此选D。

　　[对症下药]

　　D

　　3.

　　() With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth

　　each year.

　　A. is washing away

　　B. is being washed away

　　C. are washing away

　　D. are being washed away

　　[考场错解]

　　C

　　[专家把脉]

　　本题考查进行时态中的被动语态。根据with复合结构判断，森林正在被毁，因此大量的好土正在被冲走。所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。

　　[对症下药]

　　D

　　4.

　　(

　　) According to the art dealer, the painting

　　to go for at least a million dollars.

　　A. is expected

　　B. expects

　　C. expected

　　D. is expecting

　　[考场错解]

　　D [专家把脉]

　　句意为：按绘画经纪人的话来说，这幅画预料至少值100万美元。句子的主语是painting，不能发出预料的动作，应该是“被指望、被预料”，所以用被动语态。

　　[对症下药]

　　A

　　5.

　　() The hero' s story

　　differently in the newspapers.

　　A. was reported

　　B. was reporting

　　C. reports

　　D. reported

　　[考场错解]

　　D

　　[专家把脉]

　　本题考查动词的语态。report“报道”和主语story为动宾关系，用被动语态，排除C、D，选项B为过去进行时，并不表被动，应排除。

　　[对症下药]

　　A

　　6.

　　( ) The policeman' s attention was suddenlycaught by a small box which

　　placed under the Minister' s car.

　　A. has been

　　B. had been

　　C. was being

　　D. would be

　　[考场错解]

　　C

　　[专家把脉]

　　本题考查动词的被动语态。place之一动作发生在catch之前，用过去完成时，且box与place之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。

　　[对症下药]

　　B

　　专家会诊

　　1．在口语和非正式场合下为了强调动作，常get+过去分词”结构。有时带有不愉快、不顺利的含义。其否定和疑问句要借助动词do来构成。有时也会出现“become+过去分词”的结构。如：He got wounded in a battle. She got married last week. The patient gets treated once a week. Did you get scolded yesterday? He became seized with a deep sorrow.

　　2．短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态形式

　　短语动词的被动结构中，构成短语动词的介词或副词不能省略。情态动词的被动语态形式是：情态动词+be+过去分词。如：

　　The old woman was often laughed at.

　　The doctor has been sent for.

　　Time must be made good use of.

　　The plan will be given up.

　　Bad habits have been done away with.

　　The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.

　　3．主动形式表示被动意义的情况

　　1)某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如 look(看上去)，snle]l，taste，sound，feel，appear(似乎)，prove(证明)，后面接形容词或名词做表语。如：The roses smell sweet. The theory proved true. The examination turned out easy.

　　2)某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate，record，lock， shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等，此时主语大多指物，并且一般和副词连用。如：Your composition reads well. His voice records well. The door locks easily. The coat wears well.

　　3)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish， start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。如：

　　Work began at 7 o’clock this morning． The shop closes at 6 p．m．everyday．

　　4)少数动词用于进行时，主动形式表示被动含义，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make等。如：The books are printing. The meat is cooking. My coat is hanging behind the door.

　　5)某些不及物动词(短语)的主动形式表示被动的意义。常见的有：happen，take place，break out， belong to，go out，run out等。如：The accident happened yesterday evening. The Anti -Japanese War broke out in 1937. The fire went out gradually. All of our food has run out.

　　考场思维训练

　　1

　　—

　　the Christmas card

　　Mr. White?

　　—No. It' s still on the desk.

　　A. Has; given

　　B. Was ; given

　　C. Has; been given

　　D. Will; be given

　　1．C解析：强调结果，圣诞卡有没有被送去。

　　2

　　Only when your identity has been checked, _

　　.

　　A. you are allowed in

　　B. you will be allowed in

　　C. will you allow in

　　D. will you be allowed in

　　2．D解析：将来的事情，被许可，且应用倒装句。

　　3

　　—Do you know anyone in Paris?

　　—No, but I'll make friends once

　　.

　　A. I' m settled

　　B. I' 11 be settled

　　C. I' ve been settled

　　D. I had settled

　　3．A解析：动作并未发生，不能用完成时，这里be settled表示状态。

　　4

　　The high standard of the nation' s literature and art

　　widespread attention.

　　A. was attracted

　　B. have attracted

　　C. has attracted

　　D. has been attracted

　　4．C解析：表示“某事吸引某事”，主动代替被动，同时主语是不可数名词standard。

　　主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法

　　1.

　　(典型例题精选) Millions of pounds' worth of damage

　　by a storm which swept across the north of Englandlast night.

　　A. has been caused

　　B. had been caused C. will be caused

　　D. will have been caused

　　[考场错解]

　　B

　　[专家把脉]

　　损失是暴风雨造成的，所以应该是被动。但如果被题干中的过去时迷惑而用过去完成时的B项就错了。暴风雨是昨晚发生的事情，但由此造成的影响还在继续，所以应当用现在完成时的被动语态。

　　[对症下药]

　　A

　　2.

　　( ) —Why did you leave that position?

　　—I

　　a better position at IBM.

　　A. offer

　　B. offered

　　C. am offered

　　D. was offered

　　[考场错解]

　　C

　　[专家把脉]

　　动词offer常用在offer sb．sth．结构中，这里主语是I．故用被动语态。又因为动作发生在过去，因此选D。

　　[对症下药]

　　D

　　3.

　　() With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth

　　each year.

　　A. is washing away

　　B. is being washed away

　　C. are washing away

　　D. are being washed away

　　[考场错解]

　　C

　　[专家把脉]

　　本题考查进行时态中的被动语态。根据with复合结构判断，森林正在被毁，因此大量的好土正在被冲走。所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。

　　[对症下药]

　　D

　　4.

　　(

　　) According to the art dealer, the painting

　　to go for at least a million dollars.

　　A. is expected

　　B. expects

　　C. expected

　　D. is expecting

　　[考场错解]

　　D [专家把脉]

　　句意为：按绘画经纪人的话来说，这幅画预料至少值100万美元。句子的主语是painting，不能发出预料的动作，应该是“被指望、被预料”，所以用被动语态。

　　[对症下药]

　　A

　　5.

　　() The hero' s story

　　differently in the newspapers.

　　A. was reported

　　B. was reporting

　　C. reports

　　D. reported

　　[考场错解]

　　D

　　[专家把脉]

　　本题考查动词的语态。report“报道”和主语story为动宾关系，用被动语态，排除C、D，选项B为过去进行时，并不表被动，应排除。

　　[对症下药]

　　A

　　6.

　　( ) The policeman' s attention was suddenlycaught by a small box which

　　placed under the Minister' s car.

　　A. has been

　　B. had been

　　C. was being

　　D. would be

　　[考场错解]

　　C

　　[专家把脉]

　　本题考查动词的被动语态。place之一动作发生在catch之前，用过去完成时，且box与place之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。

　　[对症下药]

　　B

　　专家会诊

　　1．在口语和非正式场合下为了强调动作，常get+过去分词”结构。有时带有不愉快、不顺利的含义。其否定和疑问句要借助动词do来构成。有时也会出现“become+过去分词”的结构。如：He got wounded in a battle. She got married last week. The patient gets treated once a week. Did you get scolded yesterday? He became seized with a deep sorrow.

　　2．短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态形式

　　短语动词的被动结构中，构成短语动词的介词或副词不能省略。情态动词的被动语态形式是：情态动词+be+过去分词。如：

　　The old woman was often laughed at.

　　The doctor has been sent for.

　　Time must be made good use of.

　　The plan will be given up.

　　Bad habits have been done away with.

　　The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.

　　3．主动形式表示被动意义的情况

　　1)某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如 look(看上去)，snle]l，taste，sound，feel，appear(似乎)，prove(证明)，后面接形容词或名词做表语。如：The roses smell sweet. The theory proved true. The examination turned out easy.

　　2)某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate，record，lock， shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等，此时主语大多指物，并且一般和副词连用。如：Your composition reads well. His voice records well. The door locks easily. The coat wears well.

　　3)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish， start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。如：

　　Work began at 7 o’clock this morning． The shop closes at 6 p．m．everyday．

　　4)少数动词用于进行时，主动形式表示被动含义，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make等。如：The books are printing. The meat is cooking. My coat is hanging behind the door.

　　5)某些不及物动词(短语)的主动形式表示被动的意义。常见的有：happen，take place，break out， belong to，go out，run out等。如：The accident happened yesterday evening. The Anti -Japanese War broke out in 1937. The fire went out gradually. All of our food has run out.

　　考场思维训练

　　1

　　—

　　the Christmas card

　　Mr. White?

　　—No. It' s still on the desk.

　　A. Has; given

　　B. Was ; given

　　C. Has; been given

　　D. Will; be given

　　1．C解析：强调结果，圣诞卡有没有被送去。

　　2

　　Only when your identity has been checked, _

　　.

　　A. you are allowed in

　　B. you will be allowed in

　　C. will you allow in

　　D. will you be allowed in

　　2．D解析：将来的事情，被许可，且应用倒装句。

　　3

　　—Do you know anyone in Paris?

　　—No, but I'll make friends once

　　.

　　A. I' m settled

　　B. I' 11 be settled

　　C. I' ve been settled

　　D. I had settled

　　3．A解析：动作并未发生，不能用完成时，这里be settled表示状态。

　　4

　　The high standard of the nation' s literature and art

　　widespread attention.

　　A. was attracted

　　B. have attracted

　　C. has attracted

　　D. has been attracted

　　4．C解析：表示“某事吸引某事”，主动代替被动，同时主语是不可数名词standard。