三维设计2024届高考英语一轮复习提能力创新演练：选修七 Unit21 Human Biology
A卷
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The drug can't cure your disease at all. It can provide only ________ relief from pain.
A．compulsoryB．contradictory
C．temporary
D．contemporary
解析：后半句句意为：药物只是临时减缓疼痛。compulsory“强迫的”；contradictory“相矛盾的”；temporary“临时的”；contemporary“当代的”。根据句意选C。
答案：C
2．(2024·池州统考)Nobody can ________ his rude behavior, and that's why he has no friend.
A．accustom
B．understand
C．cover
D．tolerate
解析：句意：没有人能容忍他的粗鲁行为，所以他没有朋友。tolerate“容忍，忍受”；accustom“习惯于”；understand“理解”；cover“覆盖”。
答案：D
3．On his returning from work he found his house ________.
A．robbing
B．robbed
C．stealing
D．stolen
解析：句意：他一下班回来就发现家被盗了。房子是不可能被偷(steal)的，故排除C、D两项；house与rob之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
答案：B
4．(2024·南平模拟)He is an independent person.He always ________ any offer of help.
A．declines
B．denies
C．rejects
D．refuses
解析：由句中independent(独立的，不依赖别人的)可知，空格处想表达“拒绝”的意思。decline“委婉地拒绝”，符合句意。deny“否认”；refuse“坚决、果断或坦率地拒绝”；reject“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝”，均与句意不符，故选A项。
答案：A
5．(2024·安阳质检)It is I ________ my parents who ________ to blame for the accident.
A．other than; are
B．rather than; am
C．better than; am
D．more than; are
解析：考查固定短语和主谓一致。other than“除……之外”；rather than“而不是”；better than与no连用，意为“实际上和……一样；仅仅”；more than“多于”。本句为强调句，意为“在这次事故中，是我而不是我的父母应受到责备”，故第一空应填rather than；这里强调的是I而不是my parents，故谓语动词用am，选B项。
答案：B
6．Traffic regulations ________ people from riding bicycles on the sidewalk.
A．stop B．prohibit
C．prevent
D．keep
解析：四个选项都可以与from搭配，stop sb. from doing, prevent sb. from doing 和keep sb. from doing都是“阻止某人做某事”；prohibit“禁止”。句意：交通法规禁止人们在人行道上骑车。所以选B。
答案：B
7．It has been revealed that some government leaders ________ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.
A．employ
B．take
C．abuse
D．overlook
解析：句意：一些政府领导被揭露滥用职权，非法为个人谋利。abuse“滥用，妄用(权力等)；(不当地)使用”；employ“雇用，使用”；take“拿，取”；overlook“俯瞰，眺望；忽略”。
答案：C
8．(2024·潍坊高三质检)An air France jet is reported ________ in the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people aboard and it's the airline's worst disaster in its 75year history.
A．to have crashed
B．to have been crashed
C．having crashed
D．having been crashed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一架法国喷气式飞机据报道坠入大西洋，机上有228人，这次事故是该航空公司75年来最严重的。crash和an air France jet之间是主动关系且动作已经完成，故选A项。
答案：A
9．There are still many people suffering a lot, and we are to do something to ________ poverty.
A．keep out
B．wipe out
C．give out
D．run out
解析：wipe out意为“消除”。句意：仍然有许多人在遭受痛苦，我们应该做些事情来消除贫困。keep out“使在外”；give out“分发，发出(气味、热等)，发表”；run out“用光”。
答案：B
10．Smoking leaves Sam in poor health. His wife has tried to persuade him to quit smoking, though ________.
A．in truth
B．in return
C．in particular
D．in vain
解析：in truth“实际上”；in return“作为回报”；in particular“特别，尤其”；in vain“徒劳，白费力气”。后半句句意为：他的妻子试图说服他戒烟，但是白费力气，所以D项合适。
答案：D
11．The lucky fans will be picked out ________ rather than chosen beforehand to perform with the singer during the party.
A．by accident
B．on earth
C．at random
D．on average
解析：从后面的不是事先挑选，可以知道是随意挑选。at random“随意地；随机地”。
答案：C
12．Father ________ all the neighbors to dinner at a nearby restaurant to thank them all.
A．supplied
B．accepted
C．treated
D．served
解析：句意：父亲在附近的一家餐馆招待邻居以示感谢。treat sb. to sth.“用……招待某人”，符合语意要求。
答案：C
13．It is very clear that TV programs usually ________ to the tastes of all age groups.
A．cater
B．devote
C．lead
D．appeal
解析：句意：很清楚，电视节目通常能满足各年龄段的人的口味。cater to“迎合，满足需要”，符合题意要求。
答案：A
14．—Did Dorice go out last night?
—Yes, but she ________ at home. Her little sister needed her care.
A．may have stayed
B．must have stayed
C．should stay
D．ought to have stayed
解析：考查情态动词。答语句意：是的，但是她本应该在家。她的小妹妹需要她照顾。ought to have done表示“本应该做某事，但却没做”。
答案：D
15．Every day my afterschool ________ is doing my homework and then watching TV until I go to bed at half past ten.
A．route
B．routine
C．practice
D．drill
解析：句意：每天放学后我的惯例就是做作业，然后看电视直到10点半上床去睡觉。route“路线”；routine“常规，惯例”；practice“练习，做法”；drill“操练”。
答案：B
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2024·郑州质量调研)Honk! Squeak!
What is that? If you're going through puberty (青春期), it could be your voice. Both boys and girls experience voice changes as they grow older, but girls' voices get only a little deeper. A boy's voice, on the other hand, may change quite a bit — from sounding like a little kid to sounding like somebody's dad!
How does this happen? The larynx, your voice box, actually gets bigger during puberty. One of its jobs is to let you talk, sing, hum, yell, laugh, and make all sorts of noises.
When a boy reaches puberty, his body begins making lots of testosterone (睾丸素), which causes his larynx to grow and his vocal cords (声带) to get longer and thicker.
Before puberty, your larynx is pretty small and your vocal cords are kind of small and thin. That's why your voice is higher than an adult's. As you go through puberty, the larynx changes. As your body adjusts to this changing equipment, your voice may “crack” or “break”. But this process lasts only a few months.
Not only do older guys and men sound different from boys, but you can also see the difference in their necks. When the larynx grows bigger, part of it sticks out inside the neck.You can see it at the front of the throat. This is known as the Adam's apple. For girls, the larynx also grows bigger but not as much as in boys, so you can't see it through a girl's skin.
Everyone's timetable is different, so some kids' voices might start to change earlier and some might start a little later.Some voices might drop gradually, while others might drop quickly.
If this hasn't happened to you yet, don't worry. And if
you're going through this now, try not to stress too much about the funny noises you make. It can help to talk to a parent, or a friend who's already gone through the voice change. Before you know it, your voice will sound clear, strong, and more grownup!
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了青春期的男孩儿和女孩儿声音发生变化的原因。
1．What's the text mainly about?
A．Funny noises.
B．Vocal cords.
C．Voice changes.
D．The Adam's apple.
解析：主旨大意题。本文旨在说明青春期的男孩儿和女孩儿声音为什么发生变化，如何变化，以及如何看待这个现象。故选C项。
答案：C
2．An adult's voice is lower than a child's because the adult ________.
A．doesn't reach his puberty
B．has longer and thicker vocal cords
C．is going through his puberty
D．has something wrong with his throat
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“which causes his larynx to grow and his vocal cords(声带) to get longer and thicker.”和第五段中的前两句可知，成年人的嗓音比小孩儿的低沉是因为成年人的声带又长又厚。
答案：B
3．Who has “the Adam's apple”？
A．Boys.
B．Girls.
C．Men.
D．Women.
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段的内容可知，older guys and men长有喉结(the Adam's apple)。
答案：C
4．What does the writer think of voice changes?
A．Natural.
B．Funny.
C．Unpleasant. D．Interesting.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容可知，嗓音变化是青少年向成人过渡的生理发育的自然现象。
答案：A
B
(2024·山西省运城市教育检测)The average temperature around the world is rising. People living in the US Midwest might find a fact hard to believe, though. The scientists suggest that the change in the Midwest climate may have happened because of farming.
The first study was led by David Changnon, a climatologist (气候学家) at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb.Changnon and his team studied temperature records from the sites in the Midwest. They found that since 1970, the average temperature in the region during July and August has gone down — by up to one degree Fahrenheit (华氏度) — from what it was during the years between 1930 and 1969. Their investigation also showed that the average rainfall in those states during those two months has increased. Between 1970 and 2009, about 0.33 inches more rain fell than between 1930 and 1969.These_changes may be connected by humidity (湿度), Changnon says. Humidity is the measure of how much moisture is in the air.
Humid air, which contains a lot of moisture，takes longer to heat up than dry air, Changnon notes. And humid air often releases its moisture through rainfall.
So where did the extra moisture in the air come from？Changnon points to farms in the region. As plants grow, they pull moisture from the ground and release it into the air. And among plants, soybean (大豆) and corn plants release a lot of moisture. Midwestern farms now plant more soybeans and corn than in the past, with 97 percent of farmland today planted with these two crops. In the 1930s, corn and soybeans covered only about 57 percent, Changnon says. He also notes that the plants are planted closer together now than they used to be, so there are more plants per acre than in the past.
The second study, like Changnon's, also found an increase in rainfall in the same area. But it points to another possible source for the increased moisture. Alan Robock at Rutgers University was part of the team that produced the second study and presented the group's findings. The team found that irrigation practices in the Great Plains have changed over the years. The researchers studied a vast area in the region. They found that in 1930, farmers in that region irrigated only about 1.8 million acres of farmland. In 1980, however, farmers irrigated nearly 15 million acres. Plants use the water and then release it into the air.
These results by Changnon and Robock and their colleagues are the first step toward understanding a change in the weather.
语篇解读：这是一篇科普类说明文。全球变暖是一个不争的事实，然而在美国中西部地区人们却感受不到这种变化，这是为什么呢？
5．What does the underlined term “These changes” refer to?
A．Lower temperatures and more rainfall.
B．Higher temperatures and high humidity.
C．Making a record both in the past and now.
D．The two periods of the 40year investigation.
解析：代词指代题。上文中提到1970年以来，七月和八月的平均温度比1930年到1969年这段时间下降了1华氏度，而平均降雨量增加了0.33英寸。由此可知“These changes”指的是：温度降低，降雨量增多。
答案：A
6．Which of the following could be the possible sources for the increased moisture in the US Midwest?
A．Scientists' research and farmers' attention.
B．Less farmland and more plants.
C．More plants and irrigation practices.
D．Natural reservoirs and underground rivers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段中的第二、四句话和最后一句可知空气湿度增加的原因是C项。
答案：C
7．The studies show that in America's Midwest，________.
A．the average temperature is getting higher and higher
B．more and more farmland has been deserted
C．the amount of rain is closely related to the temperature
D．summers are now cooler and wetter than they were in years past
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，近四十年美国中西部地区七月和八月的平均气温比前四十年的平均气温要低1华氏度而降雨量多0.33英寸。由此可知D项正确。
答案：D
8．According to the passage, irrigating more and more plants means ________.
A．making more space for farms and buildings
B．making more and more water into the air, and thus causing more rain
C．more farms depending on watersaving systems
D．using plants to change the climate
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Plants use the water and then release it into the air可知，植物吸收灌溉的水，然后再将水释放到空气中，从而形成降雨。
答案：B
B卷
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2024·南昌二模)It was a warm March evening, and I'd just taken a seat on the bus that would take me home. It was nearly 6：00 p．m., but the bus was not yet full and the driver gave no __1__that he intended to start the bus.
A middleaged woman took a seat opposite me. She was crying. Not speaking to anyone in particular, she __2__ narrated her story.
She had come to the city to visit her daughter. On the way to the terminal, a thief had __3__one of her bags. It had contained half of the money she'd brought with her. The other half was hidden under her blouse, so she __4__still had some money left. The bus conductor, driver, and other passengers listened to her tale.
