高中英语 语法精讲（Unit 12 Fact and fantasy）人教版
语法精讲 前缀与后缀
在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀，变成一个新的词，这种构词法叫派生。词缀有前缀和后缀两种，加在单词前的叫前缀，加在后面的叫后缀。
1.前缀
常见的前缀有：
Auto自己的，独自的：automobile
Bi双，两个:bicycle,bilingual(双语的)
Dis(表否定)不，无：dislike;disable
En,em-使成为：enable;encourage;embody
Ex前任的，以前的：exwife(前妻)expresident(前任总统)
Extra额外的：extraordinary（非凡的）
extramarital(婚姻外的)
in-,il-，im,ir,不，非：incomplete;
illegal(非法的)；immoral;irregular
inter间，相互：international;interaction;
mis误：misunderstand;misbehave;misplace
over太多，太过：overtime;overwork;overdo
re重新，再：repeat;rewrite;reuse
sub在……的下面，次于，低于：subway,
subsoil,subtitle, subnormal
tele远距离：telephone;television
under在……以下：underground
2.名词后缀
-an/-ian 人：American,Italian, musician
tion/-sion动作，状态：determination
ency/ence(抽象名词):dependence;frequency
-ee动作承受者或受影响者：employee(受雇者)，refugee(难民)
-eer人：engineer,volunteer
er/-or（人或物）:fighter,actor,cooker
ess 女性actress;waitress
-ism主义，……教：communism,socialism
ist 主义者，从事某专业的人：socialist,
typist, archaeologist
ment 表行为，结果，状态，物件，机构等：argument,instrument
ship表状态，身份：friendship,leadership,
scholarship, relationship
ty 表状态，性质：plenty, difficulty, anxiety
ure 表结果，行为，状态及实物：pressure,picture,pleasure
3.形容词后缀
-able/-ible能够：unforgetable,responsible,
edible,accessible
al……的：natural,cultural,national,professional
an/-ian人，地方的：Russian,American
en由……制成的：woolen,wooden
ern表方向：northern,southern
ful充满……的，有……性质的：careful,beautiful,useful
ic/-ical 关于……的，有……性质，属于……的：economic,electrical,political
ish似……的，关于……国家（民族，语言）：selfish,childish,British,foolish
ive有……性质的，有……倾向的：
attractive,talkative,impressive
less 无，不：careless,useless
ly像……的，有……性质的：friendly,weekly,manly
ous充满……的:hervous,dangerous,poisonous
-wards 问……：downwards, backwards
y 充满……的，有……性质的：rainy,snowy,cloucly,noisy,clusty.
4.动词后缀
-en 使成为：fasten,sharpen,shorten
fy 使……化：satisfy,simplify
ie/-ise使……变成：modernize,realize;
industrialize
5.副词后缀
-ly……地：carefully,quickly, highly
ward(s)向……地：forward, upwards,
downwards
【考例1】I ______the present he bought me.
A.dislike
B.unlike
C.inlike
D.mislike
解析:like的否定前缀是dis-。
答案:A
【考例2】Children should be encouraged to be
thinkers.
A.independent
B.undependent
C.dispendent
D.misdependent
解析:dependent 的否定前缀为in。
答案:A
【考例3】It set me thinking on the probable effect of my .
A.disappearance
B.unappearance
C.offappearance
D.ilappearance
解析:appearance 的否定前缀为dis。
答案:A
【考例4】He was a scientist of reputation.
A.internationed
B.nation
C.imnational
D.international
解析:reputation 为名词，因此需要一形容词作它的定语。nation的形容词后缀为al;前缀inter表示互相之间。句意为“他是一个享有国际声誉的科学家。”
答案:D
【考例5】The was fired by the boss for his being absence.
A.employ
B.employee
C.employer
D.employment
解析:employ v.雇佣；employee
n. 雇员；employer n. 雇主；employment n. 雇佣。句意为“因为旷工，那位雇员被老板解雇了”。
答案:B
【考例6】The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.
A.free
B.freely
C.freedom
D.freeway
解析:形容词性物主代词的后面应使用名词。free的名词形式为freedom。
答案:C
【考例7】 Think of your family’s when you drive.
A.safety
B.save
C.safe
D.safely
解析:safety
n., save v.,safe adj.,safely adv.。
答案:A
【考例8】He went to bed and fell at once.
A.sleepy
B.sleeping
C.asleep
D.sleep
解析:固定表达：fall asleep 入睡，睡着。
答案:C
【考例9】The spokesman never gave a answer to any question of the reporters.
A.direction
B.direct
C.director
D.directly
解析:direction
n.方向，指导；direct adj. 直接的，v.导演，指导；director n.导演；directly adv.直接地。名词前应使用形容词。
答案:B
【考例10】 In Brazil, to play football is the greatest dream among the poor in the cities.
A.profession
B.professional
C.professionally
D.professor
解析:profession n.职业；professional adj.专业的；professionally adv.专业地；professor n.教授。professional football 职业篮球。
答案:B
【考例11】 Everyone is expected to lead an
life according to rules laid down by the government.
A.to order
B.order
C.disorder
D.orderly
解析:由句子结构可知，此处应填形容词。orderly 虽以ly结尾，但为形容词。
答案:D
【考例12】I can’t tell one from the other because they are only different.
A.slight
B.slighter
C.slightly
D.slightest
解析:修饰形容词应使用副词。
答案:C
语法精讲 前缀与后缀
在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀，变成一个新的词，这种构词法叫派生。词缀有前缀和后缀两种，加在单词前的叫前缀，加在后面的叫后缀。
1.前缀
常见的前缀有：
Auto自己的，独自的：automobile
Bi双，两个:bicycle,bilingual(双语的)
Dis(表否定)不，无：dislike;disable
En,em-使成为：enable;encourage;embody
Ex前任的，以前的：exwife(前妻)expresident(前任总统)
Extra额外的：extraordinary（非凡的）
extramarital(婚姻外的)
in-,il-，im,ir,不，非：incomplete;
illegal(非法的)；immoral;irregular
inter间，相互：international;interaction;
mis误：misunderstand;misbehave;misplace
over太多，太过：overtime;overwork;overdo
re重新，再：repeat;rewrite;reuse
sub在……的下面，次于，低于：subway,
subsoil,subtitle, subnormal
tele远距离：telephone;television
under在……以下：underground
2.名词后缀
-an/-ian 人：American,Italian, musician
tion/-sion动作，状态：determination
ency/ence(抽象名词):dependence;frequency
-ee动作承受者或受影响者：employee(受雇者)，refugee(难民)
-eer人：engineer,volunteer
er/-or（人或物）:fighter,actor,cooker
ess 女性actress;waitress
-ism主义，……教：communism,socialism
ist 主义者，从事某专业的人：socialist,
typist, archaeologist
ment 表行为，结果，状态，物件，机构等：argument,instrument
ship表状态，身份：friendship,leadership,
scholarship, relationship
ty 表状态，性质：plenty, difficulty, anxiety
ure 表结果，行为，状态及实物：pressure,picture,pleasure
3.形容词后缀
-able/-ible能够：unforgetable,responsible,
edible,accessible
al……的：natural,cultural,national,professional
an/-ian人，地方的：Russian,American
en由……制成的：woolen,wooden
ern表方向：northern,southern
ful充满……的，有……性质的：careful,beautiful,useful
ic/-ical 关于……的，有……性质，属于……的：economic,electrical,political
ish似……的，关于……国家（民族，语言）：selfish,childish,British,foolish
ive有……性质的，有……倾向的：
attractive,talkative,impressive
less 无，不：careless,useless
ly像……的，有……性质的：friendly,weekly,manly
ous充满……的:hervous,dangerous,poisonous
-wards 问……：downwards, backwards
y 充满……的，有……性质的：rainy,snowy,cloucly,noisy,clusty.
4.动词后缀
-en 使成为：fasten,sharpen,shorten
fy 使……化：satisfy,simplify
ie/-ise使……变成：modernize,realize;
industrialize
5.副词后缀
-ly……地：carefully,quickly, highly
ward(s)向……地：forward, upwards,
downwards
【考例1】I ______the present he bought me.
A.dislike
B.unlike
C.inlike
D.mislike
解析:like的否定前缀是dis-。
答案:A
【考例2】Children should be encouraged to be
thinkers.
A.independent
B.undependent
C.dispendent
D.misdependent
解析:dependent 的否定前缀为in。
答案:A
【考例3】It set me thinking on the probable effect of my .
A.disappearance
B.unappearance
C.offappearance
D.ilappearance
解析:appearance 的否定前缀为dis。
答案:A
【考例4】He was a scientist of reputation.
A.internationed
B.nation
C.imnational
D.international
解析:reputation 为名词，因此需要一形容词作它的定语。nation的形容词后缀为al;前缀inter表示互相之间。句意为“他是一个享有国际声誉的科学家。”
答案:D
【考例5】The was fired by the boss for his being absence.
A.employ
B.employee
C.employer
D.employment
解析:employ v.雇佣；employee
n. 雇员；employer n. 雇主；employment n. 雇佣。句意为“因为旷工，那位雇员被老板解雇了”。
答案:B
【考例6】The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.
A.free
B.freely
C.freedom
D.freeway
解析:形容词性物主代词的后面应使用名词。free的名词形式为freedom。
答案:C
【考例7】 Think of your family’s when you drive.
A.safety
B.save
C.safe
D.safely
解析:safety
n., save v.,safe adj.,safely adv.。
答案:A
【考例8】He went to bed and fell at once.
A.sleepy
B.sleeping
C.asleep
D.sleep
解析:固定表达：fall asleep 入睡，睡着。
答案:C
【考例9】The spokesman never gave a answer to any question of the reporters.
A.direction
B.direct
C.director
D.directly
解析:direction
n.方向，指导；direct adj. 直接的，v.导演，指导；director n.导演；directly adv.直接地。名词前应使用形容词。
答案:B
【考例10】 In Brazil, to play football is the greatest dream among the poor in the cities.
A.profession
B.professional
C.professionally
D.professor
解析:profession n.职业；professional adj.专业的；professionally adv.专业地；professor n.教授。professional football 职业篮球。
答案:B
【考例11】 Everyone is expected to lead an
life according to rules laid down by the government.
A.to order
B.order
C.disorder
D.orderly
解析:由句子结构可知，此处应填形容词。orderly 虽以ly结尾，但为形容词。
答案:D
【考例12】I can’t tell one from the other because they are only different.
A.slight
B.slighter
C.slightly
D.slightest
解析:修饰形容词应使用副词。
答案:C
