2024届高考英语一轮复习课件:M1 Unit 2《Growing pains》(2)(译林版湖南专用)

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2024届高考英语一轮复习课件:M1 Unit 2《Growing pains》(2)(译林版湖南专用)

  代词 代词是代替名词(人或事物)的词。 ①人称代词: 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物 物主代词 反身代词

  I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves you you your yours yourself he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself they them their theirs themselves one one one's oneself ②指示代词: this, that, these, those

  ③不定代词: some, many, both ④相互代词: each other, one another ⑤疑问代词: who, what, which ⑥关系代词(用于定语从句): which, that, who ⑦连接代词(用于名词性从句或状语从句): who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 1. 原形不定代词 ①all 全部(3个或以上或不可数)。each 每个(两个或以上)。every 每个(3个或以上)。 ②both 两个都。either 两个中任意一个。neither 两个都不。none 三个或以上中没有一个。 ③little 几乎没有一点儿,不可数名词。few 几乎没有几个,可数名词。 ④many 许多,可数名词。much 许多,不可数名词。 ⑤one 一个(其中一个)。other 别的,可数名词。 another 另一个(多者中的另一个)。 the other 另一个(两者中的另一个)。

  others 其他的(多者中的),其余。 the others 其他的(特定范围下的),其余。 ⑥some 某一个,可数或不可数名词。any 任何/一些,可数或不可数名词。no 没有,可数或不可数名词。some 常用于肯定句, 接复数可数名词或不可数名词,表“一些”;接可数名词单数表“某个”,接数词表“大约”;用于疑问句表“请求或期待对方肯定的回答”。any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用,多用于疑问、否定或条件句,用于肯定句时表“任何(一个)”。 2.合成不定代词 every, any, some, no均可与one构成不定代词,连写与分写用法上有很大区别,以every和one连用为例,连写的everyone只能表人,不带of结构;分写的every one 常带of结构,既可以表人,也可以表物。这是连写和分写的不定代词用法上的基本区别。但切记no one 及none两词的用法刚好与此规律相反。即分写的no one只能表人,不带of结构;连写的none 常带of结构,既可以表人,也可以表物。简单回答中,none用以回答how many/how much提出的问题,no one 则回答who提出的问题。 高考湖南卷的代词常放到单选和完形填空二中考查。每年至少在2.5分以上。其考查以不定代词的辨析,人称代词和不定代词的填空为主。 1.one, it, that的区别。 one只能代可数名词单数,表示泛指,其复数形式为ones;that既可以代可数名词又可以代不可数名词,强调与this的对应性。代可数名词时,其复数形式为those; it有明显的特指性,确定性,指代上文提到的具体事物, 既可以代可数名词又可以代不可数名词,代可数名词时,其复数形式为they/them。 2.each, every, both, all, either, neither, none的区别。 ①every和each均可充当形容词,接单数可数名词,意为“每个”,但each强调个体,可以充当代词,而且可用于两个或两个以上的“每个”;every强调整体,用于三个或三个以上的“每个”,不可以充当代词。each/every…not和Not every/each…均表部分否定,意为“并非每个都”。 ②either既可以充当代词又可以充当形容词,意为“两个中的任意一个”,用法为“either+单数名词或either+of the+复数名词”。但要注意其两种含义:选择性用法和兼容性用法。如:You may sit on either end of the bench.句意为“你可以坐这条凳的任意一头”,事实上“你要么坐这头要么坐那头, 因为不能同时坐两头”,此为其选择性用法。又如:Either side of the road is lined up with trees. 句意为“路的两边有树”,指的是“两边都有树”,不能理解为“这边有,那边就不能有”,此为其兼容性用法。 ③both意为“两个都”,接并列主语,用于both A and B结构,或接可数名词复数或用于both of the +可数名词复数。both…not…=not…both为部分否定,意为“并非两个都”。其完全否定为Neither of the…意为“两个都不”。 ④all意为“三个(含)以上都”,接并列主语,接可数名词复数或用于all of the +可数名词复数结构。接可数名词单数或不可数名词时,意为“整个/所有的都”。 All the books published in this press are uncopyrightable. 这个出版社出版的所有书籍均无合法版权。

  All the city is surrounded by water. 整个城市四面环水。 All the rubbish should be thrown away where further pollution won't be caused. 所有垃圾应该投放到不会产生二次污染的地方。 all…not…=not all…为部分否定,意为“并非全都”。其完全否定为none of the…意为“所有的……都不”。 3.other, the other, another, the others与others的区别。 some… others…意为“一些……另一些……”,为固定句型,其中的“另一些(others)”为不确定对象;another即可以单独作代词使用,也可接可数名词单数,表示“多者中的另一个”,也是不确定对象;the other单独使用,也可接单数可数名词,只能指两者中的另一个,为确定对象; other 只能作形容词,不可单独使用,后须接可数名词复数,相当于others; the others单独使用或接可数名词复数,表一定范围中排除若干对象后剩下的其他人或物,为确定对象。 4.it的用法。

  指代物或不明身份,不明性别的人;指代事件、时间、距离、天气;作形式主语、形式宾语;用于强调句型或指代固定短语组成部分。 1. “If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not ________ that I need most.”

  A. anything

  B. something

  C. nothing

  D. everything B 此题容易误选A,机械地套用以下规则:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句或疑问句。当然此规则在通常情况下是有效的,但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B,something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”,而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。 2. ________ doesn't seem to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.

  A. It

  B. That

  C. There

  D. He  C 许多同学一看选项便想当然地认为,这是考查形式主语 it 的用法,所以便毫不犹豫地选了A。同学们仔细想想看,假若此题选形式主语 it,那么真正的主语在哪儿呢?没有。其实,此题应选C,属 there be 句型一种比较复杂的表现形式。 3. If a book is in English, ________ means slow progress for you.

  A. as

  B. which

  C. what

  D. that  D 此题容易误选 A或B,想当然地根据空格前的逗号认为这是非限制性定语从句。这样分析的同学,主要是忽略了前一句句首的 if。其实此题应选D,逗号前是一个条件状语从句,逗号后是该状语从句的主句,that 在此代表前文所述的意思,用作主句的主语。 Module1 Unit 2  Growing pains(2) has his arms crossed为have/get sth. done 结构,该结构有两层含义: (1) 使某事被做(主语有意识的行为,可能是自己做,也可能让别人做) ◆You'd better have that bad tooth pulled out. 你最好把那颗蛀牙拔掉。   3、 Eric sits on his bed. Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset. 埃里克坐在床上看着双臂交叉、表情气愤的丹尼尔。 ◆I must have/get my homework finished first before going out to play. 出去玩之前我得把我的作业先做完。 (2) 遭遇,经历(一般指不愉快的事情) ◆He had his leg kicked in the game.

  在比赛中他的腿让人踢了。  have sb./ sth.do / doing / done的区别: have sb.do 等于ask / tell / arrange for sb.to do, sb.和do是主动关系;have sb./ sth.doing是指让某人/某物不停或反复做某事,或容忍某人做某事(常用于否定),sb. / sth.和doing是主动关系;have sb./ sth.done意思是使某人/某物被……(主语自己做或让别人做都可以),也可表示遭受了损害。 ◆I'll have a workman fix it. 我会安排一个工人修好它。(=I'll have it fixed by a workman.) ◆Mum won't have us making noise while she is working. (= She won't allow us to make…) 在她做事的时候,妈妈是不容许我们制造噪音的。 ◆It was very cold. We had the fire burning all the time.

  当时天气很冷。我们就让火一直燃着。 ①The director had her assistant ______ some hot dogs for the meeting.

  A. picked up

  B. picks up

  C. pick up

  D. picking up ①C 句意:导演让她的助理为会议去买一些热狗。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。have sb. /sth.后可以接do/doing/done 3种形式。本句中her assistant与pick up之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词原形。而doing表示“经常或不停地做”;done表示“被动”,因此排除A、B、D三项。 ②If you have illegal immigrants ______ in, many local workers will lose their jobs.

  A. came

  B. coming

  C. to come

  D. having come ②B 句意:如果你们容忍非法移民不断涌入,当地许多工人将会失业。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该句是have sb. doing“容忍某人一直干某事”结构,故选B项。 “wish +that从句”表示无法实现的愿望,从句须用虚拟语气。  4、 I still wish we could go to the cinema tomorrow though! 可我还是希望我们明天能去看场电影。 ① 但愿我像他那么富有。 ________________________________________________________________________ ①I wish I were as rich as he. ② 我希望你跟我一起去。 ________________________________________________________________________ ②I wish you would go with me. A be supposed to do sth. 被认为该做某事。 What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're ______ to be asleep.(2011·辽宁)

  A. supposed

  B. known

  C. thought

  D. considered 了解句子成分与词类之间的关系 (1)主语(Subject) 主语是一个句子所述说的主体。在句子中可以作主语的词有:名词、代词、数词、v.­ing分词、 不定式、从句等。

  ◆To_master a foreign language requires time and effort. 掌握一门外语需要花时间和气力的。 ◆Never in my life have_I_heard_or_seen such a thing. 我一生从来未听说也从未见过这种事情。 句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。 (2)谓语(Predicate) 谓语是由一个动词或动词短语构成的,一般在主语之后。 ◆This book was first published in 1999.

  这本书出版于1999年。 ◆They live in the suburbs of Shanghai.

  他们住在上海市郊。 (3)宾语(Object) 宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作所及的对象。一般在谓语之后。宾语有以下几种: ①直接宾语:直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。可以作直接宾语的有名词、代词、数词、v.­ing分词、不定式和从句。 ◆I don't know if the news is true.

  我不知道这消息是否真实。(从句) ②间接宾语:有些及物动词根据意义需要有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物。指人的叫间接宾语,一般用人称代词或表示人的名词表示;指物的叫直接宾语。 ◆I'll send Charles

  another

  ticket.

  我会把另一张票送给查尔斯。 ③复合宾语:有些动词除有一个宾语外,还要有一个宾语补足语,句子的意义才能完整。宾语和宾语补足语合在一起组成的结构,叫做复合宾语。 ◆They made him captain of the ship.

  他们让他当了船长。

  (4)表语(Predictive) 表语放在系动词之后,用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态。可作表语的词有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、v.­ing分词、v.­ed分词和从句等。 ◆I was surprised at the news.

  我听到这个消息时很吃惊。(v.­ed分词) (5)补语(Object complement) 补语又叫宾语补足语,位于宾语之后,用以补足宾语的内容使句子意义完整。可用作补语的词有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、v.­ing分词和v.­ed分词等。 ◆They found the boy in

  the

  well.

  他们在井里发现了这个男孩。(介词短语) (6)定语(Attribute) 修饰名词、代词以及相当于名词的其他词的词、短语或从句,称为定语。可作定语的词有:形容词、代词、数词、名词、所有格、非谓语动词以及从句。 ◆This is a

  glorious

  but

  difficult task.

  这是一个光荣而艰巨的任务。(形容词) ◆This is the place where

  he

  was

  born.

  这是他出生的地方。(从句) (7)状语(Adverbial) 修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语和状语从句以及全句的词、短语或从句称为状语,可位于句首、句中、句尾。作状语的有:副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句。 ◆A man is truly happy only when

  he

  is

  useful

  to

  society.

  人只有当他对社会有用时,才会真正感到快乐。(副词、从句) ◆Compared

  with

  yours,

  what I've done leaves much to be improved.

  和你相比,我做的事还有待改进。(分词) Ⅰ.请指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分  1. ,He,① kept,② me,③ waiting,④ half a day,⑤. 1.①主语②谓语③宾语④宾语补足语⑤状语  2. ,Last weekend,①, I,② helped,③ my grandparents,④ prepare their trip to Beidaihe,⑤. 2.①状语②主语③谓语④宾语⑤宾语补足语  3. ,The students,① who are going to take the courses,② have,③ at least,④ three years of English learning experiences,⑤.

  3.①主语②定语③谓语④状语⑤宾语  4. ,What was once regarded as impossible,① has now become,② a reality,③.

  4.①主语②谓语③宾语  5. ,I,① will go to,② the English Corner,③ with them,④ to practice my spoken English,⑤. 5.①主语②谓语③宾语④宾语补足语⑤目的状语 Ⅱ.下面是一个中学生给某报编辑部写的一封信,仔细阅读并就信的内容以编辑的名义给此中学生回一封信。 Dear Editor,

  I am an active girl, and I speak and laugh loudly in the classroom like a boy. I don't care about small matters. On the contrary, my neighbor, the girl who sits next to me, speaks quietly and dare not do the things I often do. I can understand this.

  What I can't stand is that she often gets angry with me about small things. How can I get along with her? Yours sincerely,

  Sunny 注意: 1.回信需就原信内容给出至少三条建议(如谈心,相互理解,参加他们的生日等活动,谈论共同话题,分享快乐等); 2.词数:不少于120。信的开头、结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Sunny,

  ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Good luck to you.

  Yours, Editor Tape 【提示】这是一封建议类型的信件,在写信时应注意语气要委婉,提出的建议应准确地针对来信者提出的问题,并且提出的建议要切实可行。 首先,针对来信者提出的问题表达自己的观点,然后对所提出的问题进行一一解答,并根据所给提示,提出合理、恰当的建议。 One possible version:

  Dear Sunny,

  It's very good that you want to be friends with that girl. In my opinion, you'd better first have a heart­to­heart talk with her because understanding each other is very important for you two. And I also think it's better for you to invite her to join you and your classmates in all kinds of activities, such as birthday parties, going out for a walk, discussing some fashionable topics, and so on.

  Besides, helping each other is also very important for both of you. Just share happiness and sadness with her. And I believe she will understand you in time and it is certain you will be good friends in future.

  Good luck to you.

  Yours,

  Editor Tape

  代词 代词是代替名词(人或事物)的词。 ①人称代词: 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物 物主代词 反身代词

  I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves you you your yours yourself he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself they them their theirs themselves one one one's oneself ②指示代词: this, that, these, those

  ③不定代词: some, many, both ④相互代词: each other, one another ⑤疑问代词: who, what, which ⑥关系代词(用于定语从句): which, that, who ⑦连接代词(用于名词性从句或状语从句): who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 1. 原形不定代词 ①all 全部(3个或以上或不可数)。each 每个(两个或以上)。every 每个(3个或以上)。 ②both 两个都。either 两个中任意一个。neither 两个都不。none 三个或以上中没有一个。 ③little 几乎没有一点儿,不可数名词。few 几乎没有几个,可数名词。 ④many 许多,可数名词。much 许多,不可数名词。 ⑤one 一个(其中一个)。other 别的,可数名词。 another 另一个(多者中的另一个)。 the other 另一个(两者中的另一个)。

  others 其他的(多者中的),其余。 the others 其他的(特定范围下的),其余。 ⑥some 某一个,可数或不可数名词。any 任何/一些,可数或不可数名词。no 没有,可数或不可数名词。some 常用于肯定句, 接复数可数名词或不可数名词,表“一些”;接可数名词单数表“某个”,接数词表“大约”;用于疑问句表“请求或期待对方肯定的回答”。any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用,多用于疑问、否定或条件句,用于肯定句时表“任何(一个)”。 2.合成不定代词 every, any, some, no均可与one构成不定代词,连写与分写用法上有很大区别,以every和one连用为例,连写的everyone只能表人,不带of结构;分写的every one 常带of结构,既可以表人,也可以表物。这是连写和分写的不定代词用法上的基本区别。但切记no one 及none两词的用法刚好与此规律相反。即分写的no one只能表人,不带of结构;连写的none 常带of结构,既可以表人,也可以表物。简单回答中,none用以回答how many/how much提出的问题,no one 则回答who提出的问题。 高考湖南卷的代词常放到单选和完形填空二中考查。每年至少在2.5分以上。其考查以不定代词的辨析,人称代词和不定代词的填空为主。 1.one, it, that的区别。 one只能代可数名词单数,表示泛指,其复数形式为ones;that既可以代可数名词又可以代不可数名词,强调与this的对应性。代可数名词时,其复数形式为those; it有明显的特指性,确定性,指代上文提到的具体事物, 既可以代可数名词又可以代不可数名词,代可数名词时,其复数形式为they/them。 2.each, every, both, all, either, neither, none的区别。 ①every和each均可充当形容词,接单数可数名词,意为“每个”,但each强调个体,可以充当代词,而且可用于两个或两个以上的“每个”;every强调整体,用于三个或三个以上的“每个”,不可以充当代词。each/every…not和Not every/each…均表部分否定,意为“并非每个都”。 ②either既可以充当代词又可以充当形容词,意为“两个中的任意一个”,用法为“either+单数名词或either+of the+复数名词”。但要注意其两种含义:选择性用法和兼容性用法。如:You may sit on either end of the bench.句意为“你可以坐这条凳的任意一头”,事实上“你要么坐这头要么坐那头, 因为不能同时坐两头”,此为其选择性用法。又如:Either side of the road is lined up with trees. 句意为“路的两边有树”,指的是“两边都有树”,不能理解为“这边有,那边就不能有”,此为其兼容性用法。 ③both意为“两个都”,接并列主语,用于both A and B结构,或接可数名词复数或用于both of the +可数名词复数。both…not…=not…both为部分否定,意为“并非两个都”。其完全否定为Neither of the…意为“两个都不”。 ④all意为“三个(含)以上都”,接并列主语,接可数名词复数或用于all of the +可数名词复数结构。接可数名词单数或不可数名词时,意为“整个/所有的都”。 All the books published in this press are uncopyrightable. 这个出版社出版的所有书籍均无合法版权。

  All the city is surrounded by water. 整个城市四面环水。 All the rubbish should be thrown away where further pollution won't be caused. 所有垃圾应该投放到不会产生二次污染的地方。 all…not…=not all…为部分否定,意为“并非全都”。其完全否定为none of the…意为“所有的……都不”。 3.other, the other, another, the others与others的区别。 some… others…意为“一些……另一些……”,为固定句型,其中的“另一些(others)”为不确定对象;another即可以单独作代词使用,也可接可数名词单数,表示“多者中的另一个”,也是不确定对象;the other单独使用,也可接单数可数名词,只能指两者中的另一个,为确定对象; other 只能作形容词,不可单独使用,后须接可数名词复数,相当于others; the others单独使用或接可数名词复数,表一定范围中排除若干对象后剩下的其他人或物,为确定对象。 4.it的用法。

  指代物或不明身份,不明性别的人;指代事件、时间、距离、天气;作形式主语、形式宾语;用于强调句型或指代固定短语组成部分。 1. “If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not ________ that I need most.”

  A. anything

  B. something

  C. nothing

  D. everything B 此题容易误选A,机械地套用以下规则:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句或疑问句。当然此规则在通常情况下是有效的,但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B,something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”,而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。 2. ________ doesn't seem to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.

  A. It

  B. That

  C. There

  D. He  C 许多同学一看选项便想当然地认为,这是考查形式主语 it 的用法,所以便毫不犹豫地选了A。同学们仔细想想看,假若此题选形式主语 it,那么真正的主语在哪儿呢?没有。其实,此题应选C,属 there be 句型一种比较复杂的表现形式。 3. If a book is in English, ________ means slow progress for you.

  A. as

  B. which

  C. what

  D. that  D 此题容易误选 A或B,想当然地根据空格前的逗号认为这是非限制性定语从句。这样分析的同学,主要是忽略了前一句句首的 if。其实此题应选D,逗号前是一个条件状语从句,逗号后是该状语从句的主句,that 在此代表前文所述的意思,用作主句的主语。 Module1 Unit 2  Growing pains(2) has his arms crossed为have/get sth. done 结构,该结构有两层含义: (1) 使某事被做(主语有意识的行为,可能是自己做,也可能让别人做) ◆You'd better have that bad tooth pulled out. 你最好把那颗蛀牙拔掉。   3、 Eric sits on his bed. Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset. 埃里克坐在床上看着双臂交叉、表情气愤的丹尼尔。 ◆I must have/get my homework finished first before going out to play. 出去玩之前我得把我的作业先做完。 (2) 遭遇,经历(一般指不愉快的事情) ◆He had his leg kicked in the game.

  在比赛中他的腿让人踢了。  have sb./ sth.do / doing / done的区别: have sb.do 等于ask / tell / arrange for sb.to do, sb.和do是主动关系;have sb./ sth.doing是指让某人/某物不停或反复做某事,或容忍某人做某事(常用于否定),sb. / sth.和doing是主动关系;have sb./ sth.done意思是使某人/某物被……(主语自己做或让别人做都可以),也可表示遭受了损害。 ◆I'll have a workman fix it. 我会安排一个工人修好它。(=I'll have it fixed by a workman.) ◆Mum won't have us making noise while she is working. (= She won't allow us to make…) 在她做事的时候,妈妈是不容许我们制造噪音的。 ◆It was very cold. We had the fire burning all the time.

  当时天气很冷。我们就让火一直燃着。 ①The director had her assistant ______ some hot dogs for the meeting.

  A. picked up

  B. picks up

  C. pick up

  D. picking up ①C 句意:导演让她的助理为会议去买一些热狗。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。have sb. /sth.后可以接do/doing/done 3种形式。本句中her assistant与pick up之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词原形。而doing表示“经常或不停地做”;done表示“被动”,因此排除A、B、D三项。 ②If you have illegal immigrants ______ in, many local workers will lose their jobs.

  A. came

  B. coming

  C. to come

  D. having come ②B 句意:如果你们容忍非法移民不断涌入,当地许多工人将会失业。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该句是have sb. doing“容忍某人一直干某事”结构,故选B项。 “wish +that从句”表示无法实现的愿望,从句须用虚拟语气。  4、 I still wish we could go to the cinema tomorrow though! 可我还是希望我们明天能去看场电影。 ① 但愿我像他那么富有。 ________________________________________________________________________ ①I wish I were as rich as he. ② 我希望你跟我一起去。 ________________________________________________________________________ ②I wish you would go with me. A be supposed to do sth. 被认为该做某事。 What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're ______ to be asleep.(2011·辽宁)

  A. supposed

  B. known

  C. thought

  D. considered 了解句子成分与词类之间的关系 (1)主语(Subject) 主语是一个句子所述说的主体。在句子中可以作主语的词有:名词、代词、数词、v.­ing分词、 不定式、从句等。

  ◆To_master a foreign language requires time and effort. 掌握一门外语需要花时间和气力的。 ◆Never in my life have_I_heard_or_seen such a thing. 我一生从来未听说也从未见过这种事情。 句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。 (2)谓语(Predicate) 谓语是由一个动词或动词短语构成的,一般在主语之后。 ◆This book was first published in 1999.

  这本书出版于1999年。 ◆They live in the suburbs of Shanghai.

  他们住在上海市郊。 (3)宾语(Object) 宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作所及的对象。一般在谓语之后。宾语有以下几种: ①直接宾语:直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。可以作直接宾语的有名词、代词、数词、v.­ing分词、不定式和从句。 ◆I don't know if the news is true.

  我不知道这消息是否真实。(从句) ②间接宾语:有些及物动词根据意义需要有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物。指人的叫间接宾语,一般用人称代词或表示人的名词表示;指物的叫直接宾语。 ◆I'll send Charles

  another

  ticket.

  我会把另一张票送给查尔斯。 ③复合宾语:有些动词除有一个宾语外,还要有一个宾语补足语,句子的意义才能完整。宾语和宾语补足语合在一起组成的结构,叫做复合宾语。 ◆They made him captain of the ship.

  他们让他当了船长。

  (4)表语(Predictive) 表语放在系动词之后,用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态。可作表语的词有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、v.­ing分词、v.­ed分词和从句等。 ◆I was surprised at the news.

  我听到这个消息时很吃惊。(v.­ed分词) (5)补语(Object complement) 补语又叫宾语补足语,位于宾语之后,用以补足宾语的内容使句子意义完整。可用作补语的词有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、v.­ing分词和v.­ed分词等。 ◆They found the boy in

  the

  well.

  他们在井里发现了这个男孩。(介词短语) (6)定语(Attribute) 修饰名词、代词以及相当于名词的其他词的词、短语或从句,称为定语。可作定语的词有:形容词、代词、数词、名词、所有格、非谓语动词以及从句。 ◆This is a

  glorious

  but

  difficult task.

  这是一个光荣而艰巨的任务。(形容词) ◆This is the place where

  he

  was

  born.

  这是他出生的地方。(从句) (7)状语(Adverbial) 修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语和状语从句以及全句的词、短语或从句称为状语,可位于句首、句中、句尾。作状语的有:副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句。 ◆A man is truly happy only when

  he

  is

  useful

  to

  society.

  人只有当他对社会有用时,才会真正感到快乐。(副词、从句) ◆Compared

  with

  yours,

  what I've done leaves much to be improved.

  和你相比,我做的事还有待改进。(分词) Ⅰ.请指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分  1. ,He,① kept,② me,③ waiting,④ half a day,⑤. 1.①主语②谓语③宾语④宾语补足语⑤状语  2. ,Last weekend,①, I,② helped,③ my grandparents,④ prepare their trip to Beidaihe,⑤. 2.①状语②主语③谓语④宾语⑤宾语补足语  3. ,The students,① who are going to take the courses,② have,③ at least,④ three years of English learning experiences,⑤.

  3.①主语②定语③谓语④状语⑤宾语  4. ,What was once regarded as impossible,① has now become,② a reality,③.

  4.①主语②谓语③宾语  5. ,I,① will go to,② the English Corner,③ with them,④ to practice my spoken English,⑤. 5.①主语②谓语③宾语④宾语补足语⑤目的状语 Ⅱ.下面是一个中学生给某报编辑部写的一封信,仔细阅读并就信的内容以编辑的名义给此中学生回一封信。 Dear Editor,

  I am an active girl, and I speak and laugh loudly in the classroom like a boy. I don't care about small matters. On the contrary, my neighbor, the girl who sits next to me, speaks quietly and dare not do the things I often do. I can understand this.

  What I can't stand is that she often gets angry with me about small things. How can I get along with her? Yours sincerely,

  Sunny 注意: 1.回信需就原信内容给出至少三条建议(如谈心,相互理解,参加他们的生日等活动,谈论共同话题,分享快乐等); 2.词数:不少于120。信的开头、结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Sunny,

  ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Good luck to you.

  Yours, Editor Tape 【提示】这是一封建议类型的信件,在写信时应注意语气要委婉,提出的建议应准确地针对来信者提出的问题,并且提出的建议要切实可行。 首先,针对来信者提出的问题表达自己的观点,然后对所提出的问题进行一一解答,并根据所给提示,提出合理、恰当的建议。 One possible version:

  Dear Sunny,

  It's very good that you want to be friends with that girl. In my opinion, you'd better first have a heart­to­heart talk with her because understanding each other is very important for you two. And I also think it's better for you to invite her to join you and your classmates in all kinds of activities, such as birthday parties, going out for a walk, discussing some fashionable topics, and so on.

  Besides, helping each other is also very important for both of you. Just share happiness and sadness with her. And I believe she will understand you in time and it is certain you will be good friends in future.

  Good luck to you.

  Yours,

  Editor Tape