2024届高考英语一轮复习语法考点讲练：第十专题

　　知识盘点 真题探究 1. 考查虚拟语气的基本结构和常见形式。 2. 考查混合虚拟条件句和隐含虚拟条件句。 3. 考查虚拟语气和陈述语气的辨析,从上下文语境辨析说话人的真实语意;考查虚拟语气和陈述语气的混合使用。 4. 根据虚拟语气提供的条件来确定真实语气中动词的形式。 考点1　虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的应用 1.表示与现在事实相反的假设或现在实现可能性不大的情况,条件从句用动词过去时(be用were), 主句用“would / should / could / might +动词原形”。 知识盘点 真题探究 If I were a bird, I could fly. 要是我是一只鸟的话,我就能飞了。 2.表示与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句用“had +过去分词”,主句用“would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词”。 If we had started earlier, we would not have missed the train. 如果我们早点出发,就不会错过这趟列车了。 3.表示与将来情形相反的假设或极少有可能实现的情况 条件从句用“动词过去式或should +动词原形或were to +动词原形”,主句用“would / should / could / might +动词原形”。 知识盘点 真题探究 If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him ques-tions.如果李教授明天有时间的话,我们就可以问他问题了。 考点2　错综时间虚拟句 通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. 如果今天上午带上雨衣的话,我现在就不会淋湿了。(从句指过去,主句指现在) 知识盘点 真题探究 考点3　含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示,而是由otherwise, or, but, without, but for等来引导。 But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 要是没有你的建议,我就不会那么成功地完成它。 I was so busy then, otherwise / or I would have helped you. 那时我太忙了,否则我就会帮助你们了。 注1:当suggest表示“暗示;表明”,用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

　　知识盘点 真题探究 注2:当insist表示“强调;坚持(某种观点、看法)”时,用陈述语气。 John insisted that his wallet had been stolen by Bob.(陈述语气) 考点4　条件状语从句的省略 在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句里含有should, had, were时,则可将从属连词if省去,将这三个词放在句首形成部分倒装。 Were he in your position, he??d have done the same.如果他在你的位置上,他也会那么做。 考点5　宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在suggest, propose, recommend, demand, request, require, com- 知识盘点 真题探究 mand, order, insist, desire, urge 等词的宾语从句中,要用“(should +)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等。由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句也要用相应的虚拟形式。 She suggests that we (should) give up the plan. 她建议我们放弃这项计划。 Her suggestion is that we (should) give up the plan.她的建议是让我们放弃这个计划。 I agree to her suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 我赞成她让我们放弃这个计划的建议。 知识盘点 真题探究 考点6　主语从句中的虚拟语气 在“It is / was + 某些形容词/过去分词+ that从句”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”,表示惊奇、遗憾、怀疑、不满等。这些形容词有:important, necessary, es-sential, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, aston-ishing, surprising; 过去分词有:desired, suggested, requested, recom-mended, ordered, proposed, decided等。 It is strange that she shouldn??t have been invited. 她竟然没有被邀请,真是奇怪。 知识盘点 真题探究 考点7　虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的应用 在wish后面的宾语从句中,表示很难实现的愿望,通常可以译成“但愿……”,“要是……就好了”,“可惜……”等。从句的谓语形式如下: 1.表示现在:用过去式 He wishes that he were a scientist.

　　2.表示将来:用“could / would +动词原形” I wish I could fly to the moon one day in the future. 3.表示过去:用过去完成时 知识盘点 真题探究 I wish I had come earlier. 考点8　if only引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气 在if only引起的感叹句中,谓语动词也用虚拟语气,其用法同wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同。 If only the driver didn??t drive so fast!司机要是不开那么快就好了。 考点9　虚拟语气在would rather后接从句中的用法 1.从句指过去,用过去完成时 I??d rather you had seen me.

　　知识盘点 真题探究 2.从句指现在、将来,用一般过去时 I??d rather you went with me tomorrow. 考点10　as if / though引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气 在as if / though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同。 He speaks English as if he were an American. 他说起英语来就像他是美国人似的。 考点11　look, seem等系动词后的“as if / though”从句中的虚拟语气 知识盘点 真题探究 在look, seem等系动词后的“as if / though”引导的从句,当表示真实情况时,用陈述语气;否则就用虚拟语气。 It seems as if they know each other. 他们好像彼此认识。(真实情况) It seems as if it were already spring. 好像已经是春天了。(虚拟语气) 考点12　“It is (about / high) + that从句”结构中的虚拟语气 在这一结构中,谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 It is high time that people leant English. 到了人们学英语的时候了。 考点13　in case, for fear that, lest等引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气 知识盘点 真题探究 在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词用“should +动词原形”的形式,也可用动词的一般现在式或一般过去式。 He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地拿着仪器,生怕把它摔碎了。 ?

　　知识盘点 真题探究 1.(2011北京) Maybe if I 　???? science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A.studied　B.would study C.had studied 　

　　　D.was studying 【答案与解析】C　句意:如果我当时学的理科而不是文科,那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。根据then一词可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反,if引导的从句用had +过去分词。 知识盘点 真题探究 2.(2011陕西) I 　???? through that bitter period without your gen-erous help. A.couldn??t have goneB.didn??t go C.wouldn??t go　

　　　D.hadn??t gone 【答案与解析】A　句意:如果没有你的慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。without your generous help相当于含蓄条件句if it hadn??t been for your generous help, 此处表示与过去事实相反,所以主句部分应采用couldn??t have done 结构,表示“本不可能”。 知识盘点 真题探究 3.(2011福建)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

　　—I 　???? it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A.attended

　　B.had attended C.would attend

　　D.would have attended 【答案与解析】D　句意:“很可惜,你错过了这次有关核污染的演讲。”“我本来要参加,但忙于准备工作面试。”根据but后面的内容可知,设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,用would have done。 知识盘点 真题探究 4.(2011北京) —Where are the children? The dinner??s going to be completely ruined.

　　—I wish they 　???? always late.

　　A.weren??t 　

　　　B.hadn??t been C.wouldn??t be D.wouldn??t have been 【答案与解析】A　句意:“孩子们都到哪里去了?这顿饭就要被他们彻底破坏了。”“我希望他们不要总是迟到。”本题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟that从句采用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反的用一般过去时,与过去事实相反的用过去完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反, 所以用一般过去时。 知识盘点 真题探究 5.(2011江西) We 　???? John??s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A.will put 　

　　　B.will have put C.would put D.would have put 【答案与解析】D　句意:要不是John最近受了伤,我们昨天就把他的名字加到比赛名单上了。根据题干所提供的信息可知,设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + have +过去分词”。 知识盘点 真题探究

　　知识盘点 真题探究 1. 考查虚拟语气的基本结构和常见形式。 2. 考查混合虚拟条件句和隐含虚拟条件句。 3. 考查虚拟语气和陈述语气的辨析,从上下文语境辨析说话人的真实语意;考查虚拟语气和陈述语气的混合使用。 4. 根据虚拟语气提供的条件来确定真实语气中动词的形式。 考点1　虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的应用 1.表示与现在事实相反的假设或现在实现可能性不大的情况,条件从句用动词过去时(be用were), 主句用“would / should / could / might +动词原形”。 知识盘点 真题探究 If I were a bird, I could fly. 要是我是一只鸟的话,我就能飞了。 2.表示与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句用“had +过去分词”,主句用“would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词”。 If we had started earlier, we would not have missed the train. 如果我们早点出发,就不会错过这趟列车了。 3.表示与将来情形相反的假设或极少有可能实现的情况 条件从句用“动词过去式或should +动词原形或were to +动词原形”,主句用“would / should / could / might +动词原形”。 知识盘点 真题探究 If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him ques-tions.如果李教授明天有时间的话,我们就可以问他问题了。 考点2　错综时间虚拟句 通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. 如果今天上午带上雨衣的话,我现在就不会淋湿了。(从句指过去,主句指现在) 知识盘点 真题探究 考点3　含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示,而是由otherwise, or, but, without, but for等来引导。 But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 要是没有你的建议,我就不会那么成功地完成它。 I was so busy then, otherwise / or I would have helped you. 那时我太忙了,否则我就会帮助你们了。 注1:当suggest表示“暗示;表明”,用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

　　知识盘点 真题探究 注2:当insist表示“强调;坚持(某种观点、看法)”时,用陈述语气。 John insisted that his wallet had been stolen by Bob.(陈述语气) 考点4　条件状语从句的省略 在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句里含有should, had, were时,则可将从属连词if省去,将这三个词放在句首形成部分倒装。 Were he in your position, he??d have done the same.如果他在你的位置上,他也会那么做。 考点5　宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在suggest, propose, recommend, demand, request, require, com- 知识盘点 真题探究 mand, order, insist, desire, urge 等词的宾语从句中,要用“(should +)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等。由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句也要用相应的虚拟形式。 She suggests that we (should) give up the plan. 她建议我们放弃这项计划。 Her suggestion is that we (should) give up the plan.她的建议是让我们放弃这个计划。 I agree to her suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 我赞成她让我们放弃这个计划的建议。 知识盘点 真题探究 考点6　主语从句中的虚拟语气 在“It is / was + 某些形容词/过去分词+ that从句”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”,表示惊奇、遗憾、怀疑、不满等。这些形容词有:important, necessary, es-sential, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, aston-ishing, surprising; 过去分词有:desired, suggested, requested, recom-mended, ordered, proposed, decided等。 It is strange that she shouldn??t have been invited. 她竟然没有被邀请,真是奇怪。 知识盘点 真题探究 考点7　虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的应用 在wish后面的宾语从句中,表示很难实现的愿望,通常可以译成“但愿……”,“要是……就好了”,“可惜……”等。从句的谓语形式如下: 1.表示现在:用过去式 He wishes that he were a scientist.

　　2.表示将来:用“could / would +动词原形” I wish I could fly to the moon one day in the future. 3.表示过去:用过去完成时 知识盘点 真题探究 I wish I had come earlier. 考点8　if only引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气 在if only引起的感叹句中,谓语动词也用虚拟语气,其用法同wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同。 If only the driver didn??t drive so fast!司机要是不开那么快就好了。 考点9　虚拟语气在would rather后接从句中的用法 1.从句指过去,用过去完成时 I??d rather you had seen me.

　　知识盘点 真题探究 2.从句指现在、将来,用一般过去时 I??d rather you went with me tomorrow. 考点10　as if / though引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气 在as if / though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同。 He speaks English as if he were an American. 他说起英语来就像他是美国人似的。 考点11　look, seem等系动词后的“as if / though”从句中的虚拟语气 知识盘点 真题探究 在look, seem等系动词后的“as if / though”引导的从句,当表示真实情况时,用陈述语气;否则就用虚拟语气。 It seems as if they know each other. 他们好像彼此认识。(真实情况) It seems as if it were already spring. 好像已经是春天了。(虚拟语气) 考点12　“It is (about / high) + that从句”结构中的虚拟语气 在这一结构中,谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 It is high time that people leant English. 到了人们学英语的时候了。 考点13　in case, for fear that, lest等引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气 知识盘点 真题探究 在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词用“should +动词原形”的形式,也可用动词的一般现在式或一般过去式。 He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地拿着仪器,生怕把它摔碎了。 ?

　　知识盘点 真题探究 1.(2011北京) Maybe if I 　???? science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A.studied　B.would study C.had studied 　

　　　D.was studying 【答案与解析】C　句意:如果我当时学的理科而不是文科,那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。根据then一词可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反,if引导的从句用had +过去分词。 知识盘点 真题探究 2.(2011陕西) I 　???? through that bitter period without your gen-erous help. A.couldn??t have goneB.didn??t go C.wouldn??t go　

　　　D.hadn??t gone 【答案与解析】A　句意:如果没有你的慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。without your generous help相当于含蓄条件句if it hadn??t been for your generous help, 此处表示与过去事实相反,所以主句部分应采用couldn??t have done 结构,表示“本不可能”。 知识盘点 真题探究 3.(2011福建)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

　　—I 　???? it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A.attended

　　B.had attended C.would attend

　　D.would have attended 【答案与解析】D　句意:“很可惜,你错过了这次有关核污染的演讲。”“我本来要参加,但忙于准备工作面试。”根据but后面的内容可知,设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,用would have done。 知识盘点 真题探究 4.(2011北京) —Where are the children? The dinner??s going to be completely ruined.

　　—I wish they 　???? always late.

　　A.weren??t 　

　　　B.hadn??t been C.wouldn??t be D.wouldn??t have been 【答案与解析】A　句意:“孩子们都到哪里去了?这顿饭就要被他们彻底破坏了。”“我希望他们不要总是迟到。”本题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟that从句采用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反的用一般过去时,与过去事实相反的用过去完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反, 所以用一般过去时。 知识盘点 真题探究 5.(2011江西) We 　???? John??s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A.will put 　

　　　B.will have put C.would put D.would have put 【答案与解析】D　句意:要不是John最近受了伤,我们昨天就把他的名字加到比赛名单上了。根据题干所提供的信息可知,设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + have +过去分词”。 知识盘点 真题探究