2024届高考英语二轮专题检测精品练习：阅读理解（23）
高考英语二轮专题检测精品练习：阅读理解（23）
A
A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk.
Researchers from the University of lows based their firdings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the associstion between sunscreen use and melanoms(黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.
Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helpsprevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.
But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin concer—people with fair skin and freckles （雀斑）,for example—are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.
72. The underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means
A.evidences
B.facts
C.faults
D.failures
73. People with fair skin and freckles
A.seldom use sunscreen
B. are more in danger of skin concer
C. can be free from the harm of the sun
D. often expose themselves to the sun
74. We can learn from the passage that
A. sunscreen users get skin cancer more often
B. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen
C. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers
D. the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America
75. Which of the following can be the beat title for this passage?
A. Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer
B. Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer
C. Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen
D. Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles
B
（2024四川卷）
Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.
"Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men lend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status," said Professor Ryan.
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and
our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.
But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰剂).
After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material.
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.
The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.
Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal."
47. What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?
A. Placebo.
B. Oxytocin.
C. The gesture.
D. The social status.
48. What can we learn from Professor Ryan's previous experiment?
A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.
B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.
C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others' success.
D. Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences.
49. Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?
A. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.
B. To know the differences between friendship and competition.
C. To know people's different abilities to answer questions.
D. To test people's understanding of body language.
50. The author develops the text by______.
A. explaining people's behaviors
B. describing his own experiences
C. distinguishing sexual differences
D. discussing research experiments
C
（2024重庆卷）
The morning had been a disaster.My tooth was aching,and I’d been in an argument with a friend.Her words still hurt：“The trouble with you is that you won’t put yourself in my place.Can’t you see things from my point of view?”Ishook my head stubbomly—and felt the ache in my tooth.I’d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one coule see me immediatcly.Finally,at about lunchtime,I got lucky.
“If you come by right now,”the receptionist said,“the dentist will fit you in .”
I look
my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist.What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice?Why wasn’t he as busy as the others?
In the dentist’s office,I sat down and looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.
When I tole her my fears,she laughed and said ,“Don’t worry.The dentist is very good.”
“How long do I have to wait for him?”I asked impatiently.
“Come on ,he is coming.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork,”the assistant said.
“The artwork?”Iwas puzzled.
The chair went back,suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture,right where I could enjoy it ：on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was ！At that moment,I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.
What a relief！
56.Which of the following best describes the author’s feeling that morning?
A.Cheerful.
B.Nervous.
C.Satisfied.
D.Upset.
57.What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?
A.The dentist’s agreeing to treat her at very short notice.
B.The dentist’s being as busy as the other dentists.
C.The surroundings of the dentist’s office.
D.The laughing assistant of the dentist.
58.Why did the author suddenly smile?
A.Because the dentist came at last.
B.Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.
C.Because she could relax in the chair.
D.Because the assistant kept comforting her.
59.What did the author learn from her experience most probably?
A.Strike while the iron is hot.
B.Have a good word for one’s friend
C.Put oneself in other’s shoes
D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D
The very wealthy English Baron Fitzgerald had only one child, a son, who understandably was the apple of his eye. His wife died when the child was in his early teens. So Fitzgerald devoted himself to fathering the kid. Unfortunately the son died in his late teens.
Meanwhile, Fitzgerald’s wealth greatly increased. He spent a lot on art works of the masters. Later Fitzgerald himself became seriously ill. Before his death, he had carefully prepared his will as to how his wealth would be settled—to sell his entire collection at an auction（拍卖）.
Because of the large quantity and high quality of his collection, a huge crowd of possible buyers gathered for the auction. Many of them were museum directors and private collectors eager to bid（出价）. Before the auction, the art works were shown, among which was a painting of Fitzgerald’s son by an unknown artist. Because of its poor quality, it received little attention.
When it was time for the auction, the auctioneer gaveled（敲槌）the crowd to attention. First the lawyer read from Fitzgerald’s will that the first art work to be auctioned was the painting of his son.
The poor-quality painting didn’t receive any bidders. . . except one—the old servant who had served the son and loved him, and who for emotional reasons offered the only bid.
As soon as the servant bought the painting for less than one English pound, the auctioneer stopped the bidding and asked the lawyer to read again from the will. The crowd became quiet, and the lawyer read from the will: “Whoever buys the painting of my son gets all my collection. ” Then the auction was over.
56. The English Baron Fitzgerald was ______.
A. a museum director
B. a master of art
C. an art collector
D. an art dealer
57. Why did the old servant bid for the painting of Fitzgerald’s son?
A. He was devoted to the family.
B. He saw that no one bid for it.
C. He knew the content of the will. D. He found it cheap for him to buy.
58. Fitzgerald’s will showed ______.
A. his desire to fool the bidders
B. his invaluable love for his son
C. his sadness at the death of his son
D. his regret of having no children to take over his wealth
A
71.A
72.C
73.B
74.D
75.A
B
【考点】考察科普知识类阅读
【文章大意】文章讲述了Professor Ryan调查实验，实验告诉我们荷尔蒙催生素能提高人们辨认不同的社会交往的能力；男女之间行为的差异是由主要是荷尔蒙的生物因素所引起的。
47. 【答案】 B
【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第一段1,2行Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it’s all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素)可知，男女之间行为表现的不同是由于荷尔蒙催生素水平的不一样导致的。故B正确。
48. 【答案】 A
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and和our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.第四段But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy在实验里Professor Ryan发现在消极的社会交往中，我们身体也释放出荷尔蒙，可知之前的实验告诉我们hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素)使用了另外一种形式来影响我们的行为。故A正确。
49. 【答案】 A
【试题解析】推理题。文章最后三行Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal."
可知，最近这次实验是想测试一下荷尔蒙催生素对辨认社交能力的效果，而结果证实了荷尔蒙催生素能提高人们的这种能力。
50. 【答案】 D
【试题解析】推理题。作者是通过讨论所做的不同的实验产生的不同的结果而展开，之前的实验结果和现在的实验结果的比对。产生新的结论。故D正确。
【长难句解析】
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.
【翻译】进一步地研究显示在男性身上，荷尔蒙催生素能够提高辨认竞争性关系的能力，但是在女性身上，它能够提高辨认友谊的能力。
【分析】本句中的动词show后面有两个宾语从句in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.使用了and连接。
My….And I’d been in an argument with a friend. Her words…一大早牙疼，与朋友争吵，她的话深深伤害了我，可知心情极度郁闷。
57.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段话可知作者对这个牙医在这么短的时间久这么迫切想给病人医治的行为表示怀疑，故选A。
58.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it：on the ceiling正是天花板上的漂亮图片让作者会心的笑了。
59.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据作者的经历，在没有躺下之前，有很多疑问，但躺下之后，看到天花板上的精美图片，就一切释然了，符合“设身处地替他着想”。
D
答案：56-58 CAB
