【北师大版】2024高考英语一轮复习讲练精品学案:选修6 Unit 16 Stories

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【北师大版】2024高考英语一轮复习讲练精品学案:选修6 Unit 16 Stories

  Module

  6

  Unit 16 Stories

  1.abandon vt.丢弃;抛弃,遗弃,放弃,中止,(与oneself连用)使

  放纵;使听任;n.[U] 放纵,放任,狂放

  【典型例句】

  We were sinking fast,and the captain gave the order to

  abandonship.

  我们的船沉得很快,船长下令弃船。

  [剑桥高阶]

  The broken bike was found abandoned by the riverside.

  人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。

  He finally abandoned his reformist ideas.

  他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。

  He abandoned himself to his emotions.

  他任由自己的情绪发作。

  [剑桥高阶]

  【词语辨析】

  abandon/desert/leave/give up/quit

  abandon 指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,

  放弃一个项目或计划。

  desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)。

  leave 普通用词,指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同某人的关

  系,但不涉及动机与结果。

  give up普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。

  quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指“停止”。

  quit work停止工作

  即学即用

  ①Despite some difficulties,they’re not going to ________

  the plan.

  A.abandon

  B.desert

  C.forsake

  D.quit

  解析:意为“放弃”,句意为“尽管有一些困难,他们不打算

  放弃计划”,A符合题意。

  答案:A

  2.preserve vt.保存,保藏;保护;维护;维持

  【典型例句】

  Oil preserves metal from rust.油保护金属免于生锈。

  We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural

  resources.我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。

  I think these interesting old customs should be preserved.

  我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该保存下去。

  It’s the duty of the police to preserve the public order.

  维护公共秩序是警察的职责。

  I need to get out of the house from time to time just to

  preserve(=prevent me from losing) my sanity.

  我需要时不时到户外去以保持头脑清醒。

  [剑桥高阶]

  【词语辨析】

  defend/guard/protect/preserve

  都含“保护”“使安全”的意思。

  defend指“保卫”“防御”,应用范围很广,对象可以是具体的,

  也可以是抽象的。

  defend oneself against enemy防御敌人

  guard指“注意观察、戒备,以免受可能的攻击或伤害”。

  guard a coastline守卫海岸线

  protect指“保护...以免遭受危险或伤害等”。

  protect the children from harm保护儿童免受伤害

  preserve指“防护、保存……免被分解或腐烂”。

  Salt preserves food from decay.盐能防止食物腐烂。

  即学即用

  ②It is our duty to ________ our motherland against enemies.

  A.defend

  B.protect

  C.guard

  D.care

  解析:句意:保卫祖国防御外敌是我们的责任。保卫祖国应用defend。

  答案:A

  ③Dark glasses are sometimes worn to ________ the eyes from strong sunlight.

  A.prevent

  B.care

  C.defend

  D.protect

  解析:句意:墨镜可以保护眼睛免受强光的伤害。retect...from为固定搭配。

  答案:D

  3.occur vi.发生,出现;存在,被想起,被想到,浮现

  【典型例句】

  Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.这一地区经常发生地震。

  Do giraffes occur in Africa only? 长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有?

  A brilliant idea occurred to me.我想到一个极好的主意。

  Does it never occur to you that I might like to be on my own

  occasionally?你难道从没想过有时候我或许喜欢独处?[剑桥高阶]

  【词语辨析】

  occur/happen/take place/break out/come about

  happen表示事情的发生存在一定的偶然性。

  What has happened?出什么事了?

  If anything happens,please let me know.

  不管发生什么事,都请通知我。

  How did the car accident happen?车祸是怎么发生的?

  occur 指“发生”时可与 happen 换用,但后接to sb.时,两者含义不同:happen to sb./sth.指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上;occur to sb.指“某种思想等呈现于某人的大脑中”。

  take place 表示“发生”,指必然会发生的事情,按计划,安排要发生的事多用 take place;此外take place还可表示“举行某种活动”。

  break out一般是指激烈的,严重的暴力,骚乱,战争,火灾等大事爆发。

  come about表示“发生、产生”,多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用于疑问句和否定句。

  He happened to know the place.他碰巧知道那个地方。

  When did the earthquake occur/happen?地震是什么时候发生的?

  Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it?

  你难道就没想过给他们打个电话?

  In 1919,the May 4th Movement took place in China.

  一九一九年,中国发生了五四运动。

  Fire broke out last night.昨晚发生了火灾。

  I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.我怎么也不明白你会一周迟到三次。

  即学即用

  ④That sound doesn’t ________ in his language,so it’s difficult for him to pronounce it.

  A.happen

  B.occur

  C.have

  D.take place

  解析:句意:那个音在他的语言里不存在,因此他发音很困难。occur“ 发生,存在”,其他词无此意。

  答案:B

  ⑤A big fire ________ in our neighborhood last night.

  A.broke out

  B.was broke out

  C.was happened

  D.brought about

  解析:句意:昨天晚上我们附近发生了火灾。表示火灾,战争,自然灾害的爆发只能用break out。

  答案:A

  ⑥Nobody knows when the accident ________.

  A.happen

  B.Happened

  C.has happening

  D.was happened

  解析:句意:无人知道事故是什么时候发生的。根据句意应用一般过去时。

  答案:B

  ⑦More crimes ________ in summer than at any other time.

  A.take place

  B.is taking place

  C.are taken

  D.taken place

  解析:句意:夏天犯罪率比其他时间都高。根据句意应用一般现在时。

  答案:A

  4.eager adj.热心的,热切的,渴望的,急切的

  【典型例句】

  He looked around the circle of eager faces.

  他看了看四周热切的脸庞。

  She is eager for success.她渴望成功。

  She sounded very eager to meet you.

  听得出来她非常渴望见到你。

  [剑桥高阶]

  【词语辨析】

  (1)表示“担心的”“焦虑的”这一意义时,只能用anxious,不用

  eager;表示 “为……担心”,一般用介词about /for。

  He is anxious about (或for) her safety.他担心她的安全。

  (2)表示“热切的”“渴望的”这一意义时,两者都可用,但有以下几点需注意:

  ①anxious之后一般用介词for,而eager之后可接介词for,after,about等。

  He is anxious for a bike.他渴望有一辆自行车。

  We are all eager for (或after) knowledge.我们都求知心切。

  ②两者之后均可接“(for sb.)+不定式”,表示“渴望或想要(某人)做某事”。

  He is anxious (或eager) to marry her.

  他渴望能与她结婚。

  He was anxious (或eager) for me to go.他想要我去。

  ③两者之后均可接that从句,且从句谓语一般都用“should+动词原形”。

  I’m anxious (或eager) that they should win.我很希望他们会获胜。

  即学即用

  ⑧Our parents always get a little bit ________ if we don’t manage to arrive when we say we will.

  A.eager

  B.anxious

  C.patient

  D.earnest

  解析:我们的父母经常会有点担忧,当我们说回去而又没到时。本题表示“担忧”,故只能用B。

  答案:B

  5. discourage vt.使泄气,使沮丧,劝阻;打消,阻挡,防止

  【精讲拓展】

  be discouraged at/by...

  discourage sb. from doing...

  discouragement n.泄气,灰心;挫折

  discouraged adj.灰心丧气的,沮丧的

  discouraging adj.令人泄气的

  【典型例句】

  She was discouraged by setbacks.她因挫折而灰心了。

  The thought of how much work she had to do discouraged her.

  一想到还有那么多活儿得做她就泄了气。

  [剑桥高阶]

  We discouraged him from giving up the job.

  我们劝他不要放弃那份工作。

  The rain discouraged us from going out.

  雨打消了我们外出的念头。

  即学即用

  用discourage的适当形式填空

  ⑨He refused to give up in spite of many ________.

  ⑩Learners can feel ________ if an exercise is too difficult.

  ⑪It may be hard to do at first.Don’t let this ________ you.

  ⑫Today’s report on the economy is rather ________.

  答案:⑨discouragements ⑩discouraged ⑪discourage ⑫discouraging

  6.witness vt.目击,亲眼看到;vi.作证,证明,成为……的证据;

  n.目击者,见证人

  【典型例句】

  Did you witness the accident?你亲眼看到那次事故了吗?

  He witnessed the truth of my statement.他证明我的陈述真实。

  He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.

  他作证说看到那个男人进入房间。

  注意:witness to中to是介词

  The police found the witness to the murder.

  警察找到了那件谋杀案的目击者。

  His offer bears witness to his kindness.

  他的提议证明了他的善意。

  [美国传统]

  即学即用

  ⑬ After the explosion,the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues from the ________.

  A.on­lookers

  B.viewers

  C.people

  D.witnesses

  解析:句意:爆炸发生后,警察做了很多工作去从目击证人处寻找线索。只有D符合题意。A.旁观者;B.观众。

  答案:D

  7.vivid adj.鲜艳的;鲜明的;强烈的;有生气的;活泼的,生动

  的;逼真的;清晰的

  【典型例句】

  The actresses were wearing vivid historical costumes.

  女演员们穿着鲜艳的古装。

  His girlfriend is a vivid young dancer.

  他的女朋友是个活泼的青年舞蹈家。

  He gave a very vivid and often shocking account/description of

  his time in prison.他生动地讲述/描述了他的狱中生活,他说的

  常让人觉得很震惊。

  [剑桥高阶]

  即学即用

  ⑭I’m not surprised that he became a writer.Even as a child he had a ________ imagination.(2009·天津,13)

  A.clear

  B.cautious

  C.funny

  D.vivid

  解析:句意:他成为作家,我毫不惊讶。孩提时,他就有丰富的想象力。vivid“生动的,逼真的”;clear“清楚的”;cautious“小心的”;funny“滑稽的”。

  答案:D

  1.knock sb.over弄翻,打倒,撞倒

  【精讲拓展】

  knock about 接连打击(指拳击),(浪等)反复冲击(船只);

  [口]到处流浪,漫游

  knock down 打(撞)倒;拆除,拆开

  knock into 把(某种知识)灌输给……;与……相撞;[口]

  偶然碰到(某人)

  knock off则指从某个地方(被)撞倒

  knock out 敲出

  knock at 敲门

  【典型例句】

  A boy was knocked over by a passing car but was

  fortunately unhurt.

  一个男孩被一辆路过的汽车撞倒了,幸运的是没有受 伤。

  I accidentally knocked the glass of water over.

  我无意中打翻了那杯水。[美国传统]

  He knocked a glass over.他把玻璃杯打翻了。

  即学即用

  ⑮________ at the door before entering,please.

  A.Knocked

  B.To knock

  C.Knocking

  D.Knock

  解析:本题考查祈使句,所以句首用knock。

  答案:D

  2.in a way在某种程度上说(或in some ways,in one way)

  【精讲拓展】

  in the (或one’s) way 挡道,妨碍

  all the way一路上,一直;完全

  on one’s way to在某人去……的路上

  by the way顺便说说,顺便提起

  by way of经由

  in no way决不

  In some ways,television is more challenging than theatre.

  从某种意义上讲,电视比戏剧更有挑战性。

  In a way,a teacher is like a dictionary,particularly an English teacher.

  从某种程度上讲,教师像一本字典,特别是英语老师。

  I like her approach to problems in a way.

  从某种意义上说,我喜欢她处理问题的方法。

  [美国传统]

  【典型例句】