2024年高考第二轮复习英语（安徽版）专题五动词和动词短语
2024年高考第二轮复习英语安徽版
专题五、动词和动词短语
真题试做
1．（2024·课标全国高考）Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can______almost every word her teacher says.
A．put out
B．put down
C．put away
D．put together
2．（2024·课标全国高考）If she doesn't want to go，nothing you can say will ______ her.
A．persuade
B．promise
C．invite
D．support
3．（2024·天津高考）Parents and children should communicate more to ______ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
A．open
B．narrow
C．widen
D．leave
4．（2024·四川高考）It's surprising that your brother______Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
A．picked up
B．looked up
C．put up
D．made up
5．（2024·浙江高考）According to scientists，our mental abilities begin to ______ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
A．differ
B．shrink
C．fail
D．decline
考向分析
1．考查常见动词和动词短语的词义辨析。强调语言的情景化，把动词和动词短语的区别放在鲜活的语境中进行考查，突出在具体语境中进行意义选择的测试。
2．考查常见动词的搭配。特别是同一动词和不同的副词或介词构成的短语的辨析，或者不同的动词和同一副词或介词构成的短语的辨析。如take/make/turn/come/hold/bring/keep/leave/hand等一些高频动词与out/off/up/over/about/down/on/in等副词搭配构成的短语含义。
3．考查常见动词和短语的新义，也就是我们所说的“熟词生义”；动词的一词多义也是考查的重点。要在具体的语境中灵活地使用。
热点例析
考点一：动词词义辨析
这类试题的四个选项往往结构相同，词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题，必须从各个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手，然后结合题意需要选用合适的动词。
【典例分析】（2024·江西高考）We were all agreed that the cottage would ______ a perfect holiday home for the family.
A．make
B．turn
C．take
D．have
答案为A项。句意：我们一致认为，那所小农舍将会成为一家人度假的完美居所。make在此意为 “成为”。
（2010·福建高考）—In this day and age，women can have children and jobs as well.
—I can't agree more.It's great to have the two ______.
A．linked
B．related
C．connected
D．combined
答案为D项。四个选项都是过去分词形式，且词义相近。link意为“连接，联系”；relate意为“（把……）联系起来”；connect意为“连接，联结”；combine意为“（使）联合”。最后一句句意：把两者结合起来太好了。
考点二：常见动词的固定搭配
有些动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法，还有些动词后跟宾语补足语时，与不定式或某些介词有固定的搭配。要做好这类试题，关键是通过分析句子结构，弄清题意，然后根据结构和句意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。
【典例分析】（2011·辽宁高考）You are old enough to ______ your own living.
A．win
B．gain
C．take
D．earn
答案为D项。earn one's living意为“谋生”，为固定搭配。句意：你长大了，可以自谋生路了。
考点三：连系动词的用法
连系动词没有进行时和被动语态，后面常接形容词、名词、分词或不定式等作表语。这类动词常见的有：appear，become，feel，look，sound，seem，taste，prove，remain，stay，smell，grow，turn，go，come，fall，stand，lie，exist等。要做好这类试题，首先要弄清题意，然后分析句子结构，判断出该动词是否用作连系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。
【典例分析】（2010·四川高考）Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what ______ nice.
A．looks
B．smells
C．feels
D．tastes
答案为A项。四个选项均为连系动词。look意为“看起来”；smell意为“闻起来”；feel意为“摸起来”；taste意为“尝起来”。根据前一句“用眼睛……”可知，应选A项。
考点四：同一动词和不同的副词或介词构成的短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的副词或介词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。要做好这类试题，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。
【典例分析】（2011·江苏高考）—You look upset.What's the matter?
—I had my proposal ______ again.
A．turned over
B．turned on
C．turned off
D．turned down
答案为D项。turn over意为“翻身，翻转，把……移交”；turn on意为“打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），（使）感兴趣，（使）兴奋”；turn off意为“关掉（电器、水龙头等），使厌烦”；turn down意为“关小（音量等），拒绝”。句意：——你看上去不高兴，怎么啦？——我的建议又遭到拒绝了。
考点五：不同的动词和同一副词或介词构成的短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。要做好这类试题，首先还是要弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。
【典例分析】（2011·湖北高考）The government has taken measures to ______ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A．take down
B．bring down
C．hand down
D．tear down
答案为B项。take down意为“拆卸，记录，记下”；bring down意为“使（某物或某人）掉下（倒下），击败，使降（价）”；hand down意为“把……传递下来，遗留，流传”；tear down意为“拆毁，拆卸”。根据后面“保持市场稳定”判断应选B项。句意：政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品高昂的价格以保持市场的稳定。
考点六：不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。要做好这类试题，关键是根据题干的意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。
【典例分析】（2024·安徽高考）The athlete's years of hard training ______ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A．went on
B．got through
C．paid off
D．ended up
答案为C项。go on意为“（时间）过去，开始运行，继续，进行”；get through意为“完成，到达，通过，接通（电话）”；pay off意为“还清（债务），得到好结果，取得成功”；end up意为“结束，结尾，停止”。句意：当这位运动员获得了奥运金牌时，她多年辛苦的训练终于有了回报。由句意可知，C项正确。
考点七：“动词＋副词/名词＋介词”短语的辨析
要做好这类试题，弄清题意诚然重要，但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to，切忌想当然。
【典例分析】（2024·江苏高考）—OK，I've had enough of it.I give up.
—You can't ______ your responsibilities.
A．run off with
B．run up against
C．run out of
D．run away from
答案为D项。run off with意为“带着……逃走，与……私奔”；run up against意为“意外地碰到，偶遇”；run out of意为“用完……，耗尽……”；ran away from意为“从……逃离，回避……”。后半句句意：你不能逃脱你自己的责任。
误区警示
1．近义动词或形近动词的易错点
（2024·湖北高考）Finally，my thanks go to my tutor，who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and______ every page
of my draft.
A．approved
B．quoted
C．polished
D．folded
【错混透析】C 句意：最后，我要向我的导师表示感谢，他为我的论文提供了很多建议和意见，并为我的草稿的每一页都进行了润色。approve意为“支持，赞同”；quote意为“引用，引述”； polish意为“改进，润色”；fold意为“折叠，对折”。
【解题指导】对于同义动词或近义动词的辨析，首先要弄清楚每个动词的意义和用法区别，然后结合具体的语境确定正确答案。对于形近动词，平时要注意观察区分。
2．同一动词构成不同短语的易错点
（2024·陕西高考）He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the airconditioning system ______.
A．broke in
B．broke up
C．broke out
D．broke down
【错混透析】D 句意：他不得不时不时地停下来擦擦头上的汗，因为空调坏了。break in意为“插话”；break up意为“打碎；（学校）放假”；break out意为“爆发；发生”；break down意为“出毛病了；垮掉；崩溃”。根据句意可知应选D项。
【解题指导】由同一动词加介词或副词构成的短语，在历年高考都会有许多考查。该类题目考生容易混淆短语的意义，因此平时学习中一定要有丰厚的词汇储备，明确这些短语的不同意义，然后结合语境和句意作出正确选择。
3．同一介词或副词构成的短语的易错点
（2024·湖北高考）Walking alone in the dark，the boy whistled to______ his courage
A．hold up
B．keep up
C．set up
D．take up
【错混透析】B 句意：独自一个人走在黑暗中，男孩吹起口哨来为自己壮胆。keep up one's courage 意为“鼓足勇气”。造成该题错选的原因是不熟悉与one's courage搭配的动词短语。
【解题指导】介词或副词与不同的动词构成不同的短语，表达不同的含义。因此，归纳并熟记由同一介词或副词构成的短语，是解答该类题目的关键。
1．（2024·杭州质检）Jim knows little about computers，so his wife thinks he can't ______ the development of times.
A．keep pace with
B．take advantage of
C．throw light on
D．put enthusiasm into
2．（2024·昆明一中月考）This group of designers ______ a plan for the project of the company.
A．drew up
B．sent up
C．set up
D．turn up
3．（2024·合肥高三教学质量检测二）He ______that he is the only person here who can speak Spanish and Japanese fluently.
A．makes out
B．turns out
C．watches out
D．checks out
4．（2024·天津一中摸底）—Cinderella has been learning Chinese in Beijing University for the past four years.
—No wonder she ______ above her colleagues in Chinese.
A．stands out
B．sticks out
C．comes out
D．sorts out
5．（2024·安师大附中高三模拟三）Eating too much fat can ______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A．appeal to
B．contribute to
C．attend to
D．devote to
6．The work has ______ the status of a classic among the composer's admirers.
A．required
B．acquired
C．inquired
D．inspired
7．（2024·合肥高三教学质量检测二）The children will not be allowed to go to the supermarket if they don't ______themselves.
A．guide
B．show
C．act
D．behave
8．You look well.The air and sea food in Sanya must ______ you，I suppose.
A．agree with
B．agree on
C．agree about
D．agree to
9．What worried the guide most was that some of the tourists ______ the flu due to the tiring journey and the rainy weather.
A．caught up with
B．came up with
C．came down with
D．did away with
10．He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______ at a hotel for the night.
A．putting down
B．putting off
C．putting on
D．putting up
11．（2024·辽宁大连、沈阳第二次联考）In English，if new words continue to be used for at least five years they generally ______ the Oxford English Dictionary.
A．come up with
B．make up for
C．look up to
D．end up in
12．（2024·江南十校联考）If you want to make a good speech in public，you should first______your shyness.
A．get over
B．get across
C．get by
D．get down
13．（2024·江西九江一模）The government ______ air quality in urban areas from levels one to five；excellent，fairly good，slightly polluted，poor and dangerous.
A．classifies
B．arranges
C．distributes
D．divides
14．The meal over，the managers went back to the meeting room to ______ their discussion.
A．put away
B．take down
C．look over
D．carry on
15．Don't be so discouraged.If you ______ such feelings，you will do better next time.
A．carry on
B．get back
C．break down
D．put away
五、动词和动词短语
命题调研·明晰考向
真题试做
1．B 考查动词短语辨析。put out意为“熄灭，扑灭，出版”；put down意为“把……放下，镇压，平息，写下，记下”；put away意为“把……收起来放好”；put together意为“把……放在一起，组合”。根据句意判断应选B项，句意：玛丽真的擅长在课堂上记笔记，她几乎能记下老师说的每一个字。
2．A 考查动词辨析。persuade意为“说服”；promise意为“发誓，许诺”；invite意为“邀请”；support意为“支持，赡养”。根据句意判断应选A项，句意：如果她不想去，你说什么也不会劝服她。
3．B 考查动词辨析。句意：为了缩小彼此间的差距，父母和子女应该更多地交流，从而更好地理解彼此。open“打开，开始”；narrow“压缩，使变窄”；widen“放宽，加宽”；leave“离开，离去”。
4．A 考查动词短语辨析。pick up在此句中意为“无意中获得或学到”。句意：你哥哥学俄语如此之快让人感到惊讶——他住在那儿也没有多长时间。look up “仰望，尊敬”；put up“建造，搭起”；make up“组成，构成，弥补”。
